Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Perspective
  • Published:

Differential admixture, human leukocyte antigen diversity, and hematopoietic cell transplantation in Latin America: challenges and opportunities

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 55, pages 496–504 (2020)Cite this article

Subjects

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is in many cases the only curative approach to treat patients with hematologic malignant diseases. In addition, it is used to treat nonmalignant disorders including hemoglobinopathies, inborn errors of metabolism, immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and some solid tumors [1]. HCT use continues to increase [2], but due to variables such as its cost and the availability of donors it is still performed mainly in high-income countries [3, 4]. However, developing regions such as Latin America are also seeing an expansion in its use [5, 6].

Latin America is composed of 28 countries and territories spanning more than 20 million km2. Close to 700 million, it represents 10% of the world’s population. In addition, ~60 million people of Hispanic/Latino American descent live in the United States. Both the Hispanic population in the United States and populations in Latin American countries are expected to continue growing, with mortality associated with cancer also expected to increase significantly in the coming decades [7]. These demographic variables suggest a scenario of increasing need for cancer treatment strategies including HCT in the region.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on SpringerLink
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

References

  1. Sureda A, Bader P, Cesaro S, Dreger P, Duarte RF, Dufour C, et al. Indications for allo- and auto-SCT for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: current practice in Europe, 2015. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015;50:1037–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J, Gratwohl M, Aljurf M, Atsuta Y, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51:778–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2016.18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Aljurf M, Pasquini MC, Bouzas LF, Yoshimi A, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a global perspective. JAMA. 2010;303:1617–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.491. e-pub ahead of print 2010/04/29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Gratwohl M, Aljurf M, Bouzas LF, Horowitz M, et al. Quantitative and qualitative differences in use and trends of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a Global Observational Study. Haematologica. 2013;98:1282–90. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2012.076349.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Jaimovich G, Martinez Rolon J, Baldomero H, Rivas M, Hanesman I, Bouzas L, et al. Latin America: the next region for haematopoietic transplant progress. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52:671–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2016.361.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Baldomero H, Aljurf M, Zaidi SZA, Hashmi SK, Ghavamzadeh A, Elhaddad A, et al. Narrowing the gap for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the East-Mediterranean/African region: comparison with global HSCT indications and trends. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54:402–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-018-0275-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fidler MM, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. The global cancer burden and human development: a review. Scand J Public Health. 2018;46:27–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817715400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Reich D, Patterson N, Campbell D, Tandon A, Mazieres S, Ray N, et al. Reconstructing Native American population history. Nature. 2012;488:370–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Choudhury A, Aron S, Sengupta D, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M. African genetic diversity provides novel insights into evolutionary history and local adaptations. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(R2):R209–R218. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy161.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Dehn J, Spellman S, Hurley CK, Shaw BE, Barker JN, Burns LJ, et al. Selection of unrelated donors and cord blood units for hematopoietic cell transplantation: guidelines from NMDP/CIBMTR. Blood. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019001212.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Gratwohl A, Pasquini MC, Aljurf M, Atsuta Y, Baldomero H, Foeken L, et al. One million haemopoietic stem-cell transplants: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Haematol. 2015;2:e91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00028-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Eckrich M, Pasquini M. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in Latin America. Hematology. 2012;17 Suppl 1:S189–191. https://doi.org/10.1179/102453312X13336169157059.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gale RP, Seber A, Bonfim C, Pasquini M. Haematopoietic cell transplants in Latin America. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51:898–905. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2016.35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Ruiz-Arguelles GJ, Abello-Polo V, Arrais-Rodrigues C, Bouzas LF, de Souza C, Dufort G, et al. Publications of bone marrow transplants in Latin America. A report of the Latin American Group of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015;50:1130–1. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.107.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. CELADE-Population-Division. Latin America and the Caribbean: Population estimates and projections. 2019 Revision. United Nations Economic Comission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2019.

  16. Maiers M, Halagan M, Joshi S, Ballal HS, Jagannatthan L, Damodar S, et al. HLA match likelihoods for Indian patients seeking unrelated donor transplantation grafts: a population-based study. Lancet Haematol. 2014;1:e57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(14)70021-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Aljurf M, Weisdorf D, Alfraih F, Szer J, Muller C, Confer D, et al. Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) special article, challenges facing emerging alternate donor registries. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54:1179–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0476-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kollman C, Abella E, Baitty RL, Beatty PG, Chakraborty R, Christiansen CL, et al. Assessment of optimal size and composition of the U.S. National Registry of hematopoietic stem cell donors. Transplantation. 2004;78:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000132327.40702.97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Olson JA, Gibbens Y, Tram K, Kempenich J, Novakovich J, Buck K, et al. Identification of a 10/10 matched donor for patients with an uncommon haplotype is unlikely. HLA. 2017;89:77–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.12946.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lown RN, Shaw BE. Beating the odds: factors implicated in the speed and availability of unrelated haematopoietic cell donor provision. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48:210–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2012.54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Buck K, Wadsworth K, Setterholm M, Maiers M, Confer D, Hartzman R, et al. High-resolution match rate of 7/8 and 9/10 or better for the be the match unrelated donor registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22:759–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.12.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dehn J, Buck K, Maiers M, Confer D, Hartzman R, Kollman C, et al. 8/8 and 10/10 high-resolution match rate for the be the match unrelated donor registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21:137–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gragert L, Eapen M, Williams E, Freeman J, Spellman S, Baitty R, et al. HLA match likelihoods for hematopoietic stem-cell grafts in the U.S. registry. New Engl J Med. 2014;371:339–48. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1311707.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Barker JN, Boughan K, Dahi PB, Devlin SM, Maloy MA, Naputo K, et al. Racial disparities in access to HLA-matched unrelated donor transplants: a prospective 1312-patient analysis. Blood Adv. 2019;3:939–44. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028662.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Pidala J, Kim J, Schell M, Lee SJ, Hillgruber R, Nye V, et al. Race/ethnicity affects the probability of finding an HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 allele-matched unrelated donor and likelihood of subsequent transplant utilization. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2013;48:346–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2012.150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lown RN, Marsh SG, Switzer GE, Latham KA, Madrigal JA, Shaw BE. Ethnicity, length of time on the register and sex predict donor availability at the confirmatory typing stage. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49:525–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2013.206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Switzer GE, Bruce JG, Myaskovsky L, DiMartini A, Shellmer D, Confer DL, et al. Race and ethnicity in decisions about unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donation. Blood. 2013;121:1469–76. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-06-437343.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang S, Ray N, Rojas W, Parra MV, Bedoya G, Gallo C, et al. Geographic patterns of genome admixture in Latin American Mestizos. PLoS Genet. 2008;4:e1000037. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Adhikari K, Chacon-Duque JC, Mendoza-Revilla J, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Ruiz-Linares A. The genetic diversity of the Americas. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2017;18:277–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022331.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bertoni B, Budowle B, Sans M, Barton SA, Chakraborty R. Admixture in Hispanics: distribution of ancestral population contributions in the Continental United States. Hum Biol. 2003;75:1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Manichaikul A, Palmas W, Rodriguez CJ, Peralta CA, Divers J, Guo X, et al. Population structure of Hispanics in the United States: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. PLoS Genet. 2012;8:e1002640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002640.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Bryc K, Velez C, Karafet T, Moreno-Estrada A, Reynolds A, Auton A, et al. Colloquium paper: genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among Hispanic/Latino populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107 Suppl 2:8954–61. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914618107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kosoy R, Nassir R, Tian C, White PA, Butler LM, Silva G, et al. Ancestry informative marker sets for determining continental origin and admixture proportions in common populations in America. Hum Mutat. 2009;30:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20822.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Galanter JM, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Gignoux CR, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Via M, et al. Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas. PLoS Genet. 2012;8:e1002554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Belbin GM, Nieves-Colon MA, Kenny EE, Moreno-Estrada A, Gignoux CR. Genetic diversity in populations across Latin America: implications for population and medical genetic studies. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018;53:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2018.07.006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee SJ, Klein J, Haagenson M, Baxter-Lowe LA, Confer DL, Eapen M, et al. High-resolution donor-recipient HLA matching contributes to the success of unrelated donor marrow transplantation. Blood. 2007;110:4576–83. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-06-097386.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Pidala J, Lee SJ, Ahn KW, Spellman S, Wang HL, Aljurf M, et al. Nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 mismatch increases mortality after myeloablative unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood. 2014;124:2596–606. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-05-576041.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Verneris MR, Lee SJ, Ahn KW, Wang HL, Battiwalla M, Inamoto Y, et al. HLA mismatch is associated with worse outcomes after unrelated donor reduced-intensity conditioning hematopoietic cell transplantation: an analysis from the center for international blood and marrow transplant research. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21:1783–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.028.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Robinson J, Halliwell JA, Hayhurst JD, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh SG. TheIPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(Database issue):D423–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1161.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Askar M, Daghstani J, Thomas D, Leahy N, Dunn P, Claas F, et al. 16(th) IHIW: global distribution of extended HLA haplotypes. Int J Immunogenet. 2013;40:31–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12029.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fernandez Vina MA, Hollenbach JA, Lyke KE, Sztein MB, Maiers M, Klitz W, et al. Tracking human migrations by the analysis of the distribution of HLA alleles, lineages and haplotypes in closed and open populations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012;367:820–9. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0320.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Meyer D, Single RM, Mack SJ, Erlich HA, Thomson G. Signatures of demographic history and natural selection in the human major histocompatibility complex Loci. Genetics. 2006;173:2121–42. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.052837.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Arrieta-Bolanos E, Madrigal JA, Shaw BE. Human leukocyte antigen profiles of latin american populations: differential admixture and its potential impact on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Res. 2012;2012:136087. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/136087.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Arrieta-Bolanos E, Madrigal-Sanchez JJ, Stein JE, Orlich-Perez P, Moreira-Espinoza MJ, Paredes-Carias E, et al. High-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries. HLA. 2018;91:514–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.13280.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Salazar-Flores J, Zuniga-Chiquette F, Rubi-Castellanos R, Alvarez-Miranda JL, Zetina-Hernandez A, Martinez-Sevilla VM, et al. Admixture and genetic relationships of Mexican Mestizos regarding Latin American and Caribbean populations based on 13 CODIS-STRs. Homo. 2015;66:44–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2014.08.005.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Barquera R, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Bravo-Acevedo A, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Clayton S, Acuña-Alonzo V, et al. The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure. Hum Immunol. 2019. In press.

  47. Barquera R, Zuniga J, Hernandez-Diaz R, Acuna-Alonzo V, Montoya-Gama K, Moscoso J, et al. HLA class I and class II haplotypes in admixed families from several regions of Mexico. Mol Immunol. 2008;45:1171–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Moraes JR, Alencar IS, Moraes ME, Pereira NF, Pasquini R, Tabak DG. Almost 50,000 volunteers participate at Redome, the Brazilian Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Transplant Proc. 2004;36:814–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.03.064.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Halagan M, Oliveira DC, Maiers M, Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Moraes MEH, Visentainer JEL, et al. The distribution of HLA haplotypes in the ethnic groups that make up the Brazilian Bone Marrow Volunteer Donor Registry (REDOME). Immunogenetics. 2018;70:511–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-018-1059-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Nascimento E, Fonseca CG, Santos MA. The heterogeneous HLA genetic composition of the Brazilian population and its relevance to the optimization of hematopoietic stem cell donor recruitment. Tissue Antigens. 2014;84:187–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.12352.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Porto LC. Bone marrow transplant donor recruitment strategies to maximize, optimize, and equalize recipient chances of an acceptable match. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2017;39:177–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.12.002.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Torres L, da Silva Bouzas LF, Almada A, de Sobrino Porto LCM, Abdelhay E. Distribution of HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 antigenic groups and haplotypes from the Brazilian bone marrow donor registry (REDOME). Hum Immunol. 2017;78:602–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.08.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Hurley CK, Hou L, Lazaro A, Gerfen J, Enriquez E, Galarza P, et al. Next generation sequencing characterizes the extent of HLA diversity in an Argentinian registry population. HLA. 2018;91:175–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.13210.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Parolin ML, Toscanini UF, Velazquez IF, Llull C, Berardi GL, Holley A, et al. Genetic admixture patterns in Argentinian Patagonia. PloS One. 2019;14:e0214830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214830.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Avena S, Via M, Ziv E, Perez-Stable EJ, Gignoux CR, Dejean C, et al. Heterogeneity in genetic admixture across different regions of Argentina. PloS One. 2012;7:e34695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034695.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Alfaro EL, Dipierri JE, Gutierrez NI, Vullo CM. Genetic structure and admixture in urban populations of the Argentine North-West. Ann Hum Biol. 2005;32:724–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460500287861.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Seldin MF, Tian C, Shigeta R, Scherbarth HR, Silva G, Belmont JW, et al. Argentine population genetic structure: large variance in Amerindian contribution. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007;132:455–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20534.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Bravo-Acevedo A, Barquera R, Bekker-Mendez C, Clayton S, Hernandez-Zaragoza DI, Benitez-Arvizu G, et al. HLA concordance between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and umbilical cord blood units: Implications for cord blood banking in admixed populations. Hum Immunol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2019.05.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Allan D, Kiernan J, Gragert L, Dibdin N, Bartlett D, Campbell T, et al. Reducing ethnic disparity in access to high-quality HLA-matched cord blood units for transplantation: analysis of the Canadian Blood Services' Cord Blood Bank inventory. Transfusion. 2019;59:2382–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15313.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kanakry CG, Fuchs EJ, Luznik L. Modern approaches to HLA-haploidentical blood or marrow transplantation. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13:10–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.128.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Hamerschlak N. Haploidentical transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2016;62 Suppl 1:29–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.suppl1.29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Santos E, McCabe A, Gonzalez-Galarza FF, Jones AR, Middleton D. Allele frequencies net database: improvements for storage of individual genotypes and analysis of existing data. Hum Immunol. 2016;77:238–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.013.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Galarza JM, Barquera R, Alvarez AMT, Hernandez Zaragoza DI, Sevilla GP, Tamayo A, et al. Genetic diversity of the HLA system in human populations from the Sierra (Andean), Oriente (Amazonian) and Costa (Coastal) regions of Ecuador. Hum Immunol. 2018;79:639–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2018.06.004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Zuniga J, Yu N, Barquera R, Alosco S, Ohashi M, Lebedeva T, et al. HLA class I and class II conserved extended haplotypes and their fragments or blocks in Mexicans: implications for the study of genetic diversity in admixed populations. PloS One. 2013;8:e74442. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074442.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños

  2. Brazilian Bone Marrow Registry (REDOME), Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Danielli Cristina Oliveira

  3. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

    Rodrigo Barquera

Authors
  1. Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Danielli Cristina Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rodrigo Barquera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arrieta-Bolaños, E., Oliveira, D.C. & Barquera, R. Differential admixture, human leukocyte antigen diversity, and hematopoietic cell transplantation in Latin America: challenges and opportunities. Bone Marrow Transplant 55, 496–504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0737-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0737-4

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links