Explaining Product Price Differences Across Countries

Robert Lipsey and Birgitta Swedenborg

No 13239, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: A substantial part of international differences in prices of individual products, both goods and services, can be explained by differences in per capita income, wage compression, or low wage dispersion among low-wage workers, and short-term exchange rate fluctuations. Higher per capita income is associated with higher prices and higher wage dispersion with lower prices. The effects of higher income and wage dispersion are moderated for the more tradable products. The effects of wage dispersion, on the other hand, are magnified for the more labor-intensive products, particularly low-skill services. The differences in prices across countries are reflected in differences in the composition of consumption. Countries in which prices of labor-intensive services are very high, such as the Nordic countries, consume much less of them. For some services, the shares of GDP consumed in high-price countries are less than 20 percent of the shares in low-price countries. Since these are services of very low tradability, the low consumption levels of these services imply low employment in them.

JEL-codes: E31 F10 J3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-mac
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