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List of GSLV launches

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Liftoff of GSLV Mk. II F14 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, carrying INSAT-3DS.

This is a list of launches conducted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rockets. This list does not include LVM 3 (formerly known as GSLV Mk III) launches, which can be found here.

Notable missions

[edit]

GSLV MK. I flight D1

[edit]
Main article: GSLV

This was the first developmental flight of the GSLV Mk.I featuring Russian cryogenic engine KVD-1. It was used to place an experimental satellite GSAT-1 into the orbit. However, due to sub-optimal performance and lack of fuel the vehicle did not achieve the intended orbit and the satellite had to maneuver itself using onboard fuel to correct the shortfall. ISRO claims the launch to be successful.[1][2] In a 2014 interview, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan attributed the failure to incorrect mixture ratio used in the cryogenic upper stage.[3][1][4]

GSLV MK. II flight D5

[edit]
Main article: GSLV-D5

This was the second test flight with indigenous cryogenic stage CE-7.5 and the first successful launch with the CE-7.5. The flight lifted and successfully placed the 1,982 kilograms (4,370 lb) GSAT-14 into the orbit. This flight became the harbinger of successful launch with the indigenous cryogenic stage.[5][6][7]

GSLV MK. II flight F09

[edit]
Main article: South Asia Satellite

This was the fourth consecutive successful flight of GSLV Mk. II with indigenous cryogenic engine. The flight placed the regional satellite South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite.[8][9][10][11] The satellite was a gift from India to its neighbors to bolster Prime Minister Narendra Modi's neighborhood first policy.[12] Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka are the users of the multi-dimensional facilities provided by the satellite.

Launch statistics

[edit]

Rocket configurations

[edit]
1
2
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020
  •   GSLV MK. I
  •   GSLV MK. II

Launch sites

[edit]
1
2
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020

Mission outcome

[edit]
1
2
3
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020
  •   Success
  •   Partial failure
  •   Failure
  •   Planned

Launch history

[edit]

As of 17 February 2024, rockets from the GSLV family have made 16 launches, resulting in 10 successes, four failures, and two partial failures.[13] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).

2001–2009

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D1 18 April 2001
10:13 		Mk I First India GSAT-1 1540 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
Developmental flight, payload placed into lower than planned orbit, and did not have sufficient fuel to reach a usable orbit.[1]
D2 8 May 2003
11:28 		Mk I First India GSAT-2 1825 kg GTO INSAT Success
Developmental flight.[14]
F01 20 September 2004
10:31 		Mk I First India GSAT-3 1950 kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight.[15]
F02 10 July 2006
12:08 		Mk I Second India INSAT-4C 2168 kg GTO INSAT Failure
One of the L40 strap-on engines failed at lift-off. Both rocket and satellite had to be destroyed over the Bay of Bengal after the rocket's trajectory veered outside permitted limits.[16]
F04 2 September 2007
12:51 		Mk I Second India INSAT-4CR 2160 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
High roll rate build-up due control system malfunction on one L40 strapon resulted in premature shutdown of other strap-on stages.[17] Due to an error in the guidance subsystem achieved orbit had lower apogee and inclination higher than expected.[18] Orbit corrected through satellite, eventually the INSAT-4CR was placed in its slot.[19][20][21] Satellite completed its planned design life while it was fully operational. ISRO claims this GSLV flight to be successful.[22]

2010–2017

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D3 15 April 2010
10:57 		Mk II Second India GSAT-4 2220 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight test of the ISRO designed and built Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS). Failed to reach orbit due to malfunction of the Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP) of the cryogenic upper stage.[23]
F06 25 December 2010
10:34 		Mk I Second India GSAT-5P 2310 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight of GSLV Mk.I (c). Aft shroud of upper stage engine bay disintegrated due to aerodynamic loads, snapping the electrical continuity to L40 strapons.[24][17] Vehicle was destroyed by range safety officer after loss of control over liquid-fueled boosters.[25]
D5 5 January 2014
10:48 		Mk II Second India GSAT-14 1980 kg GTO INSAT Success
The flight was scheduled for 19 August 2013, but one hour and 14 minutes before the lift off, a leakage was reported and the launch was halted.[26] Second flight of GSLV with indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CUS) developed by ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) was launched successfully on 5 January 2014.[27][28] It was a launch with precision of 40 m (130 ft). All the three stages performed successfully.[29][30] This was the first successful flight of the cryogenic stage which was developed indigenously in India.
D6 27 August 2015
11:22 		Mk II Second India GSAT-6 2117 kg GTO INSAT Success
GSLV Mk II D6 with an Indigenous Cryogenic Engine (ICE) successfully ferried GSAT-6 payload into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) with injection parameters of 170 km x 35945 km, 19.96° inclination. The cuboid-shaped GSAT-6 satellite includes a technology demonstrator S-Band unfurlable antenna with a diameter of six metre which will provide S-band communication services during its expected mission life of nine years.[31][32][33]
F05 8 September 2016
11:20 		MK II Second India INSAT-3DR 2211 kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight of GSLV Mk II. The injection parameters were met with extreme precision. Perigee was within 300m (within 0.18%) of the expected value whereas apogee was within 0.2% (80 km). The difference between expected and actual inclination degree was 0.

INSAT-3DR is an advanced atmospheric weather satellite. as well as the second heaviest satellite placed in orbit by an indigenous cryogenic engine propelled GSLV [34][35][36]

F09 5 May 2017
11:27 		Mk II Second India GSAT-9 / South Asia Satellite 2230 kg GTO INSAT Success
South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite.[37][38][11]

2018

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F08 29 March 2018
11:26 		Mk II Second India GSAT-6A 2140 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) which had a thrust of 848 kN (191,000 lbf) in GS2 stage. Electro-hydraulic Actuation used for gimballing in GS2 stage was replaced by more reliable Electro-Mechanical Actuation.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]
F11 19 December 2018
10:40 		Mk II Second India GSAT-7A 2250 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) along with uprated cryogenic engine C15.[46][47][48][49]

2021

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F10 12 August 2021
00:13[50][51] 		Mk II Second India GISAT-1 / EOS-03 2268 kg GTO ISRO Failure
Carried EOS-03, a geostationary multi-spectral imaging satellite. The third stage failed to ignite, leading to the loss of the mission. The cause of failure was found to be a 50 millibar drop in pressure in the Liquid Hydrogen tank of the Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]

2023

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F12 29 May 2023
10:42[61][62] 		Mk II Second India NVS-01 2232 kg GTO ISRO Success
NVS-01 is the first in the second generation navigational satellites. It carried navigational payload operating in L1,L5 and s bands. For the first time, an indigenous atomic clock was flown in NVS-01.[63][64]

2024

[edit]
Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F14 17 February 2024
12:05 		Mk II Second India INSAT-3DS 2275 kg GTO ISRO Success
Follow on mission to INSAT-3DR. In this mission, a new white coloured C15 stage was introduced which has more environmental-friendly manufacturing processes, better insulation properties and the use of lightweight materials.[65]

Future launches

[edit]
Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Orbit User
31 December 2024[66][67] Mk II - F15 Second India NVS-02 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1K
Q1 2025[68] Mk II - F16 Second United States India NISAR SSO NASA / ISRO
A joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar on an Earth observation satellite.
2025[69] Mk II Second India GISAT-2 / EOS-05 GTO ISRO
Follow mission to GISAT-1 2268 kg[70][57][71]
2025-26[72] Mk II Second India NVS-03 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1L
2025-26[73][74][75][76] Mk II Second India IDRSS-1 / CMS-4 GTO ISRO
[77][57]
2025-26[75][76] Mk II Second India IDRSS-2 GTO ISRO
[77]
2026-27[78] Mk II Second India NVS-04 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1M
2027-28[79] Mk II Second India NVS-05 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1N
TBA [80] GEV Second India RLV-ORV LEO ISRO
Orbital Reentry Experiment (OREX) of RLV-TD will use the existing GSLV launch vehicle with PS-4 stage instead of its CUS upper stages (due to decreased performance unlike a regular GSLV launch) and Orbital Re-entry vehicle (ORV) in place of its ogive payload fairing.[81][82]
[edit]
  • GSLV F05 take off
    GSLV F05 take off
  • GSLV F11 vehicle at Second Launch Pad.
    GSLV F11 vehicle at Second Launch Pad.
  • Fully integrated GSLV-F05 coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building.
    Fully integrated GSLV-F05 coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building.
  • Launch of GSLV F11 from Second Launch Pad.
    Launch of GSLV F11 from Second Launch Pad.
  • Top view of a fully Integrated GSLV-F08 inside the Vehicle Assembly Building.
    Top view of a fully Integrated GSLV-F08 inside the Vehicle Assembly Building.
  • GSLV F08 lift off.
    GSLV F08 lift off.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Kyle, Ed (28 December 2010). "Page 2 of 2: Comprehensive Orbital Launch Failure List". India (SLV/ASLV/PSLV/GSLV) Flight History by Variant/Year (1979–2010). Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ "Press Brief on GSLV-D1/GSAT-1". ISRO. 24 April 2001.
  3. ^ Ramachandran, R. (22 January 2014). "GSLV Mk III, the next milestone". Frontline.
  4. ^ "ISRO clears launch of GSLV-D5". Business Standard. 31 December 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
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  6. ^ "GSLV-D5-Success". ISRO. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  7. ^ Subramanian, T.S. (5 January 2014). "GSLV-D5 Launch Success". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
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  9. ^ "Official Press Release: GSLV Successfully Launches South Asia Satellite". Press Information Bureau. 5 May 2017.
  10. ^ Sinha, Amitabh (6 May 2017). "South Asian diplomacy lifts off on 2230-kg ISRO satellite GSAT-9". The Indian Express.
  11. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (6 May 2017). "India launches satellite linking its South Asian neighbors". Spaceflight Now.
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  14. ^ "GSLV-D2 Mission". ISRO. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009.
  15. ^ "EDUSAT mission". ISRO. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009.
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  53. ^ "India's GSLV fails on long-delayed EOS-03 mission". NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
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  80. ^ "Annual Report, Department of Space 2020-2021" (PDF). 4 March 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2021. GEV for Orbital Re-entry Experiment (ORE): Launch with 1:8 scale RLV, targeted in first quarter of 2022.
  81. ^ "Reusable Launch Vehicle". www.vssc.gov.in. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
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