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Our Lady of Consolation

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For other uses, see Our Lady of Consolation (disambiguation).

Madonna della Consolazione, by Pietro Perugino, oil on canvas. Circa 1497.

Our Lady of Consolation or Mary, Consoler of the Afflicted (Latin Consolatrix Afflictorum)[1] is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It dates back to the second century and is one of her earliest Marian titles of honor. The title Comforter of the afflicted is also used as an invocation in the Litany of Loreto.

History

The origin of this invocation is derived from the Augustinian friars who propagated this particular devotion. Along with Saints Augustine, and Monica, Our Lady of Consolation is one of the three patrons of the Augustinian orders. The title consolatrix afflictorum (Comforter of the Afflicted) is part of the Litany of Loreto, and is Augustinian in origin.[2] Devotion to Our Lady of Consolation was propagated by the Augustinian monks. By the early 18th century the custom of asking for the final blessing before death in the name of Our Lady of Consolation was very popular.[3]

The "Augustinian Rosary" is sometimes called the "crown of our mother of consolation".

The traditional depiction of Our Mother of Consolation in Augustinian houses show Mary holding the Christ child on her lap. Both of them hold the Augustinian cincture in their hands.[4]

Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation

The oldest and most celebrated of these Confraternities of the Cord is probably the Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation, also called the Archconfraternity of the Cincture of Saint Monica, Saint Augustine and Saint Nicholas of Tolentino.[5]

In 1439, the Augustinian Order obtained the faculty to set up the Confraternity of the Cincture for lay people.[6] It was based on an Augustinian tradition which holds that Saint Monica in the fourth century was distraught with anxiety for her wayward son, Augustine, and that Mary gave her a sash which the Virgin wore, with the assurance that whoever wore this belt in her honour would receive her special consolation and protection.[7] Later on, it was adopted by the Hermits of Saint Augustine as a distinctive part of their habit.[8]

The confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation was founded in 1495 in Bologna, Italy. In 1575 both confraternities merged in a single Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture.[6] Other similar confraternities were aggregated to the Archconfraternity in Bologna.[9]

The annual feast of the Archconfraternity is 4 September.[10] Members are obliged to wear a black leather belt, to fast on the vigil of the feast of Saint Augustine and to recite daily the "Little Rosary of Our Lady of Consolation" which is composed of thirteen couplets of beads. The essential prayers to be said are Our Father and Hail Mary repeated thirteen times after which is recited the Hail Holy Queen.[11]

For the erection of and reception into this archconfraternity, special faculties must be had from the prior general. The headquarters of the society is the Church of Sant'Agostino, Rome where the body of Saint Monica lies.[5]

Dates of veneration

La Consolatrix Afflictorum du Luxembourg in the Royal Cathedral of Luxembourg

The feast of Our Lady of Consolation is observed in particular places, regions, parish churches, orders or religious institutes.

In Malta, the feast is celebrated on the last Sunday of October with pyrotechnic displays by Our Lady of Consolation Fireworks Factory.[13] The Feast Day in Rome for Our Lady of Consolation is January 31; in the United States it is the Saturday after the Feast of Saint Augustine (August 28).

Prominent images in various countries

Argentina

Pope Benedict XVI granted a decree of canonical coronation towards the venerated 17th-century image of Our Lady of Consolation in Sumampa, Argentina, on 21 November 2009.

Belgium

Pope Pius X granted a decree of Pontifical coronation to a Mater dolorosa of 1535 in the Franciscan church of Leuven. The image, also known as “Our Lady of Koorts or Our Lady of Fever” due to its longstanding claim to heal the sick, was renamed Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted on 19 June 1907 by popular demand.

France

Notre Dame du Consolatrice des Affliges de Verdelais

Stanbrook Abbey was founded in 1623 at Cambrai as the monastery of "Our Lady of Consolation", for English Catholic expatriates.

The dioceses of Vannes, Valence, Montpelier, Laval, Nantes, Périgueux, Tours and many others, dedicated churches or chapels to Our Lady of Consolation.[14]

Germany

Our Lady Comforter of the Afflicted is venerated in the Marian Basilica of Kevelaer. In 1642 a copperplate engraving, representing Our Lady of Luxembourg, was installed in a sanctuary erected the same year. It is one of the best visited Catholic pilgrimage locations in north-western Europe.

Italy

The Benedictines were the first monastic order to settle in Turin. A church at the site, probably dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, stood adjacent to the ancient Roman walls of the city. Pious legends claim that Saint Eusebius of Vercelli brought back an icon of Our Lady of Consolation when he was returning from exile in Egypt in 363. This icon was presented to the city of Turin. Later on Bishop Maximus of Turin established a small shrine to house the icon in a church dedicated to Saint Andrew. The icon became the object of great veneration, and the church was later dedicated as Santuario della Consolata, later raised to the status of Minor Basilica by Pope Pius X on 7 April 1906. A star on her shoulder is characteristic of almost all the images.

At the age of nineteen, Joseph Marello, a priest from Turin, contracted typhus. He attributed his recovery to Our Lady of Consolation. He recovered, and in 1878 he founded the Oblates of Saint Joseph.[16]

Giuseppe Allamano, the rector of the Santuario della Consolata in Turin, founded the Consolata Missionaries, a clerical religious congregation, in 1902. These missionaries brought the devotion of Our Lady of Consolation to Africa.

Japan

The Augustinian church located in the Shiroyama district of Nagasaki, Japan, is dedicated to Our Mother of Consolation.[17]

Luxembourg

The devotion to Our Lady of Luxembourg, Comforter of the Afflicted, was initiated by the Jesuits in 1624 and led to the election of Our Lady as the protectress of the city in 1666 and of the duchy in 1678. After the destruction of the old pilgrimage chapel at the time of the French Revolution, the statue of Our Lady of Luxembourg was moved to the former Saint Peter church, today renamed Notre-Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg City.[18] Statues depicting her can be found in niches in buildings throughout the city of Luxembourg.[19] From there the devotion was adopted by the English Benedictine nuns of Cambrai. It is solemnly celebrated during the Oktav.

Malta

In the 1700s, members of the Augustinian Order introduced the devotion to Our Lady of Consolation to the island of Malta. On 1 December 1722, the Prior General of the Augustinian Order, Thomas Cervioni, issued the decree for the erection of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation in the church of Saint Mark, run by the Augustinians at Rabat, Malta. By this time the custom of asking for the final blessing before death in the name of Our Lady of Consolation was very popular, and the friars were given a dispensation to leave the monastery at any time to confer it. Processions in Our Lady's honor were suspended during the French occupation of 1798 to discourage the gathering of crowds.[20]

Philippines

Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture in Manila

Pope John Paul II granted the image of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture enshrined in San Agustin Church in Manila a Pontifical decree of canonical coronation in 4 September 2000 for the Great Jubilee of his Pontificate.

Poland

Several images of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Consolation is have been granted by several Roman Pontiffs and are highly venerated throughout Poland.

  • Pope Paul VI — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
    • In Orchówek crowned by Pontifical decree on 2 September 1990.[23]
    • In Pasierbiec, canonically crowned on 28 August 1993.[24]
    • In the Franciscan Church and monastery of Gniezno, image canonically crowned on 3 June 1997.[25]
    • In the Church of the Annunciation of Miedzna, icon under the title "Comforter of the Afflicted", canonically crowned on 22 June 1997.[26]
    • In the Church of the Holy Trinity in Lubiszewo Tczewskie, canonically crowned on 31 August 1997.[27]
    • In the Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria of Kraków, image canonically crowned on 9 December 2000 (Great Jubilee Year).[28]
  • Pope Francis — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:

Spain

  • Pope Paul VI — granted a Pontifical decree of canonical coronation for the image of Our Lady of Consolation enshrined at Utrera, Spain in 1 May 1964.

United Kingdom

Our Lady of Consolation in Grinstead

The Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation in West Grinstead, in the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton dates from 1876 and is the first shrine in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary to be established in England since before the Protestant Reformation. In Perth, Scotland, at the Church of Saint John the Baptist exists an altar inscribed to "Saint Mary of Consolation".[14]

With the approval of the Archbishop of Turin in northern Italy, the new church was affiliated to the original sanctuary of Our Lady of Consolation, and a painting, closely resembling the painting in the Santuario della Consolata of Turin, attached with both indulgences and privileges was brought to West Grinstead.

Pope Leo XIII granted this venerated image a decree of Pontifical coronation in 12 July 1893.[14]

United States of America

In 1848, Luxembourg immigrants began to settle in the area around Dacada, Wisconsin. The eldest statue of Our Lady of Consolation in the United States was brought by a Luxembourg immigrant, Anna Margaret Deppiesse, in 1849 and later donated to Saint Nicholas Church.[32]

During the American Civil War, three parishioners of Saint Augustine's Parish in Leopold, Indiana, fought for the North and were imprisoned at the Andersonville National Historic Site. Former Belgian nationals, Henry Devillez, Isidore Naviaux and Lambert Rogier, vowed that if they survived, one of them would make a pilgrimage to Luxembourg and obtain a copy of the statue of Our Lady of Consolation that stood in their ancestral church. Rogier went to Luxembourg in 1867 and upon his return enshrined it in Saint Augustine's, where it now stands to the left of the main altar. In September 2013, Archbishop Joseph W. Tobin of Indianapolis dedicated a larger outdoor garden shrine.[33]

One of the two main celebrations held each year in the Tacony section of Philadelphia were Our Lady of Consolation's Feast Day Parade. (The other is Memorial Day.) Each July statues of the saints were paraded through the streets of the neighborhood.[34]

The Franciscan Order also has a devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary under this honorific title, centered at the Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation in Ohio.

Venezuela

Pope John XXIII granted a Pontifical decree of coronation on 9 November 1959 towards the namesake image enshrined at the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation, Táriba, Venezuela. The coronation was executed on 12 March 1967.

  • The Gnadenbild venerated at the Gnadenkapelle of the Basilica of Kevalaer, Germany.
    The Gnadenbild venerated at the Gnadenkapelle of the Basilica of Kevalaer, Germany.
  • Image of Our Lady of Consolation above the High altar in Orchówek
    Image of Our Lady of Consolation above the High altar in Orchówek
  • Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted in Miedzna
    Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted in Miedzna
  • Our Lady of Consolation enshrined at the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation, Táriba, Venezuela.
    Our Lady of Consolation enshrined at the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation, Táriba, Venezuela.

References

  1. ^ a b "Our Lady of Consolation – Conventual Franciscan Friars, Province of Our Lady of Consolation". franciscansusa.org.
  2. ^ "Our Lady of Consolation", Marian Library, University of Dayton
  3. ^ ""The Augustinian Friars and Devotion to Our Lady in the Maltese Islands", Malta Historical Society". Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
  4. ^ "Our Mother of Consolation". Midwest Augustinians.
  5. ^ a b Hilgers, Joseph. "Sodality." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 17 Aug. 2014
  6. ^ a b Augustinian Recollects
  7. ^ Roten S.M., Johann. "Our Lady of Consolation", International Marian Research Institute Home : University of Dayton
  8. ^ Heckmann, Ferdinand. "Confraternities of the Cord." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 17 Aug. 2014
  9. ^ "Cofradia de Neustra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa"
  10. ^ "Mary – Mother of Consolation", Augustinians of the Province of Australasia
  11. ^ Roten, S.M., Johann. "Chaplets: The Little Rosary of Our Lady of Consolation", Marian Library, University of Dayton
  12. ^ "OSA : Mary - Mother of Consolation". www.osa.org.au.
  13. ^ "FEAST OF OUR LADY OF CONSOLATION - Visitmalta - The official tourism website for Malta, Gozo and Comino". www.visitmalta.com.
  14. ^ a b c "Our Lady of Consolation of West Grinstead - Introduction". www.consolation.org.uk.
  15. ^ "City of Kevelaer - Wallfahrt". www.kevelaer.de.
  16. ^ "Saint Joseph Marello" Long Island Catholic, May 16, 2012
  17. ^ "Daughters of St. Paul --Catholic Churches in Japan". english.pauline.or.jp.
  18. ^ "INSTITUT GRAND-DUCAL DE LUXEMBOURG". www.institutgrandducal.lu.
  19. ^ "Our Lady of Consolation". mavweb.mnsu.edu.
  20. ^ "Schembri, Henry. The Augustinian Friars and Devotion to Our Lady in the Maltese Islands, p. 313, Malta Historical Society". Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  21. ^ "Koronacja obrazu - Sanktuarium Maryjne w Golinie". Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  22. ^ "Rok temu minęło 50 lat od koronacji cudownego obrazu Matki Bożej Szamotuł Pani". szamotuly.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). September 5, 2021.
  23. ^ "Saepe nos - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. March 26, 1987.
  24. ^ "Notum est - Littera Apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. August 4, 1992.
  25. ^ "Mater Iesu - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. November 20, 1996.
  26. ^ "Lucis Matrem - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. September 5, 1996.
  27. ^ "Vivens est - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II". www.vatican.va. March 6, 1997.
  28. ^ "4 września: Najświętszej Maryi Panny Matki Pocieszenia" (in Polish).
  29. ^ "Matka Boża Pocieszenia z Wiela otryzmała papieskie korony - Radio Głos". Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  30. ^ "Papieskie Korony dla Matki Bożej z Miejsca Piastowego i Komborni". Archidiecezja Przemyska (in Polish). June 11, 2017.
  31. ^ "W drugim dniu Świąt Bożego Narodzenia". gdansk.tvp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved March 5, 2022.
  32. ^ "St. Nicholas Church, Dacada, Wisconsin". Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger.
  33. ^ Cornwell, Patricia Happel. "Archbishop rededicates Marian shrine at St. Augustine Parish in Leopold", The Criterion, September 20, 2013
  34. ^ "c". www.nephillyhistory.com.
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