Quadrigyridae

Quadrigyridae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Acanthocephala
Class:	Eoacanthocephala
Order:	Gyracanthocephala; Van Cleve, 1936
Family:	Quadrigyridae; Van Cleve, 1920
Subfamilies
	Pallisentinae; Quadrigyrinae;

Quadrigyridae is the only family within Gyracanthocephala, an order of parasitic worms of class Eoacanthocephala. This family contains two subfamilies, ten genera and about 92 species.

Species

Species in Quadrigyridae are divided into two subfamilies: Pallisentinae Van Cleave, 1928 with five genera and Quadrigyrinae Van Cleave, 1920 with three.^[a]

Pallisentinae Van Cleave, 1928

Acanthogyrus

Golvan in 1959 divided the genus Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927 into two subgenera: Acanthogyrus and Acanthosentis based on the number of proboscis hooks; there are 18 (3 circles of 6 hooks each) in Acanthosentis and 24 (3 circles of 8 hooks each) in Acanthogyrus.^{[citation needed]}

Acanthogyrus (Acanthogyrus) Thapar, 1927

Acanthogyrus acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927
Acanthogyrus tripathi Rai, 1967

Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) Verma and Datta, 1929

Acanthogyrus acanthuri (Cable and Quick, 1954)
Acanthogyrus adriaticus Amin, 2005
Acanthogyrus alternatspinus Amin, 2005
Acanthogyrus anguillae (Wang, 1981)
Acanthogyrus antespinus (Verma and Datta, 1929)
Acanthogyrus arii (Bilqees, 1971)
Acanthogyrus bacailai (Verma, 1973)
Acanthogyrus barmeshoori Amin, Gholami, Akhlaghi and Heckmann, 2013
Acanthogyrus betwai (Tripathi, 1956)
Acanthogyrus bilaspurensis (Chowhan, Gupta and Khera, 1987)
Acanthogyrus cameroni (Gupta and Kajaji, 1969)
Acanthogyrus cheni Amin, 2005
Acanthogyrus dattai (Podder, 1938)
Acanthogyrus giuris (Soota and Sen, 1956)
Acanthogyrus gobindi (Chowhan, Gupta and Khera, 1987)
Acanthogyrus golvani (Gupta and Jain, 1980)
Acanthogyrus heterospinus (Khan and Bilqees, 1990)
Acanthogyrus holospinus (Sen, 1937)
Acanthogyrus indicus (Tripathi, 1959)
Acanthogyrus intermedius (Achmerov and Dombrovskaja-Achmerova, 1941)
Acanthogyrus lizae (Wang, 1986)
Acanthogyrus malawiensis Amin and Hendrix, 1999

Acanthogyrus maroccanus (Dollfus, 1951)
Acanthogyrus multispinus Wang, 1966
Acanthogyrus nigeriensis Dollfus and Golvan, 1956
Acanthogyrus papilo Troncy and Vassiliades, 1974
Acanthogyrus parareceptaclis Amin, 2005
Acanthogyrus partispinus (Furtado, 1963)
Acanthogyrus paucispinus Wang, 1966
Acanthogyrus periophthalmi (Wang, 1980)
Acanthogyrus phillipi (Mashego, 1988)
Acanthogyrus putitorae (Chowhan, Gupta and Khera, 1988)
Acanthogyrus scomberomori (Wang, 1980)
Acanthogyrus seenghalae (Chowhan, Gupta and Khera, 1988)
Acanthogyrus shashiensis (Tso, Chen, and Chien, 1974)
Acanthogyrus shuklai (Agrawal and Singh, 1982)
Acanthogyrus siamensis (Farooqi and Sirikanchana, 1987)
Acanthogyrus similis (Wang, 1980)
Acanthogyrus sircari (Podder, 1941)
Acanthogyrus thapari (Parasad, Sahay and Shambhunath, 1969)
Acanthogyrus tilapiae (Baylis, 1948) ^[1]
Acanthogyrus vancleavei (Gupta and Fatma, 1986)
Acanthogyrus vittatusi (Verma, 1973)

Hexaspiron

Hexaspiron Dollfus and Golvan, 1956 contains two species:

Hexaspiron nigericum Dollfus and Golvan, 1956
Hexaspiron spinibarbi Yu and Wang, 1977

Palliolisentis

Palliolisentis Machado-Filho, 1960 contains three species:

Palliolisentis ornatus Machado-Filho, 1960
Palliolisentis polyonca Schmidt and Hugghins, 1973
Palliolisentis quinqueungulis Machado-Filho, 1960 (type species)

Pallisentis

Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928 is divided into three subgenera: Brevitritospinus, Demidueterospinus, and Pallisentis with 26 species:^[2]

Pallisentis channai Gupta, Maurya and Saxena, 2015^[3]
Pallisentis vinodai Gupta, Maurya and Saxena, 2015^[3]

Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doanh, 2000

Pallisentis allahabadii Agarwal, 1958
Pallisentis cavasii Gupta and Verma, 1980
Pallisentis croftoni Mital and Lal, 1981
Pallisentis fasciati Gupta and Verma, 1980
Pallisentis fotedari Gupta and Sinha, 1991
Pallisentis guntei Sahay, Nath, and Sinha, 1967
Pallisentis indica Mital and Lal, 1981
Pallisentis mehrai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Pallisentis punctati Gupta, Gupta, and Singhal, 2015^[4]
Pallisentis vietnamensis Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doanh, 2000

Pallisentis (Demidueterospinus) Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doanh, 2000

Pallisentis basiri Farooqi, 1958
Pallisentis ophiocephali (Thapar, 1931)

Pallisentis (Pallisentis) Van Cleave, 1928

Pallisentis celatus (Van Cleave, 1928)
Pallisentis cholodkowskyi (Kostylev, 1928)
Pallisentis chongqingensis Liu and Zhang, 1993
Pallisentis clupei Gupta and Gupta, 1980
Pallisentis colisai Sarkar, 1956
Pallisentis gaboes (Maccallum, 1918)
Pallisentis garuai (Sahay, Sinha and Ghosh, 1971)
Pallisentis gomtii Gupta and Verma, 1980
Pallisentis guptai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Pallisentis jagani Koul, Raina, Bambroo and Koul, 1992
Pallisentis kalriai Khan and Bilqees, 1985
Pallisentis magnum Saeed and Bilgees, 1971
Pallisentis nagpurensis' (Bhalerao, 1931)
Pallisentis nandai Sarkar, 1953
Pallisentis pesteri (Tadros, 1966)
Pallisentis rexus Wongkham and Whitfield, 1999
Pallisentis singaporensis Khan and Ip, 1988
Pallisentis sindensis Khan and Bilqees, 1987
Pallisentis umbellatus Van Cleave, 1928
Pallisentis ussuriensis (Kostylev, 1941)

Pararaosentis

Pararaosentis Amin, Heckmann, Ha, Luc and Doanh, 2000 contains only one species:

Pararaosentis golvani (Troncy and Vassiliades, 1973)

Raosentis

Raosentis Datta, 1947 contains five species:

Raosentis dattai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Raosentis godavarensis Vankara and Vijayalakshmi, 2009
Raosentis ivaniosi George and Nadakal, 1978
Raosentis podderi Datta, 1947
Raosentis thapari Rai, 1967

Triaspiron

Triaspiron Smales, Aydogdu and Emre, 2012 contains only one species:

Triaspiron aphanii Smales, Aydogdu and Emre, 2012

Quadrigyrinae Van Cleave, 1920

Acanthodelta

Acanthodelta Diaz-Ungria and Gracia-Rodrigo, 1958 contains one species:

Acanthodelta scorzai (Diaz-Ungria and Gracia-Rodrigo, 1957)

Machadosentis

Machadosentis Noronha, 1992 contains only one species:

Machadosentis travassosi Noronha, 1992

Quadrigyrus

Quadrigyrus Van Cleave, 1920 contains 9 species:

Quadrigyrus brasiliensis Machado-Filho, 1941
Quadrigyrus chinensis Mao, 1979
Quadrigyrus guptai Gupta and Gunjan-Sinh, 1992
Quadrigyrus machadoi Fabio, 1983
Quadrigyrus nickoli Schmidt and Hugghins, 1973
Quadrigyrus polyspinosus Li, 1984
Quadrigyrus rhodei Wang, 1980
Quadrigyrus simhai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
Quadrigyrus torquatus Van Cleave, 1920

Hosts

Quadrigyridae species parasitize fish.

Hosts for Quadrigyridae species
The catla is a host of Acanthogyrus acanthogyrus

Notes

^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References

^ Louizi, Halima; Hill-Spanik, Kristina M.; Qninba, Abdeljebbar; Connors, Vincent A.; Belafhaili, Amine; Agnèse, Jean-Francois; Pariselle, Antoine; de Buron, Isaure (2022). "Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem". Parasite. 29: 64. doi:10.1051/parasite/2022064. PMC 9879152. PMID 36562431.
^ Amin, O. M; Heckmann, R. A.; Ha, Nguyen Van; Luc, Pham Van; Doanh, Pham Ngoc (2000). "Revision of the genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala : Quadrigyridae) with the erection of three new subgenera, the description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a key to species of Pallisentis, and the description of a new quadrigyrid genus, Pararaosentis gen. n". Comparative Parasitology. 67 (1): 40–50. INIST 1261582.
^ ^a ^b Gupta, R; Maurya, R; Saxena, AM (January 2015). "Two New Species of the Genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from the River Gomti at Lucknow, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (1): 116–21. PMC 4403530. PMID 25904954.
^ Gupta, Neelima; Gupta, Dileep K.; Singhal, Priyanka (2015). "Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) punctati n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from Channa punctatus in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (4): 605–616. PMC 4724838. PMID 26811728.

"Quadrigyridae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 Mar 2007.

[1] A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

[Louizi2022-2] Louizi, Halima; Hill-Spanik, Kristina M.; Qninba, Abdeljebbar; Connors, Vincent A.; Belafhaili, Amine; Agnèse, Jean-Francois; Pariselle, Antoine; de Buron, Isaure (2022). "Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem". Parasite. 29: 64. doi:10.1051/parasite/2022064. PMC 9879152. PMID 36562431.

[3] Amin, O. M; Heckmann, R. A.; Ha, Nguyen Van; Luc, Pham Van; Doanh, Pham Ngoc (2000). "Revision of the genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala : Quadrigyridae) with the erection of three new subgenera, the description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a key to species of Pallisentis, and the description of a new quadrigyrid genus, Pararaosentis gen. n". Comparative Parasitology. 67 (1): 40–50. INIST 1261582.

[Gupta_Maurya_Saxena_2015-4] Gupta, R; Maurya, R; Saxena, AM (January 2015). "Two New Species of the Genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from the River Gomti at Lucknow, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (1): 116–21. PMC 4403530. PMID 25904954.

[5] Gupta, Neelima; Gupta, Dileep K.; Singhal, Priyanka (2015). "Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) punctati n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from Channa punctatus in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India". Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 10 (4): 605–616. PMC 4724838. PMID 26811728.

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