Paper 2014/144
How to Securely Release Unverified Plaintext in Authenticated Encryption
Elena Andreeva, Andrey Bogdanov, Atul Luykx, Bart Mennink, Nicky Mouha, and Kan Yasuda
Abstract
Scenarios in which authenticated encryption schemes output decrypted plaintext before successful verification raise many security issues. These situations are sometimes unavoidable in practice, such as when devices have insufficient memory to store an entire plaintext, or when a decrypted plaintext needs early processing due to real-time requirements. We introduce the first formalization of the releasing unverified plaintext (RUP) setting. To achieve privacy, we propose using plaintext awareness (PA) along with IND-CPA. An authenticated encryption scheme is PA if it has a plaintext extractor, which tries to fool adversaries by mimicking the decryption oracle without the secret key. Releasing unverified plaintext then becomes harmless as it is infeasible to distinguish the decryption oracle from the plaintext extractor. We introduce two notions of plaintext awareness in the symmetric-key setting, PA1 and PA2, and show that they expose a new layer of security between IND-CPA and IND-CCA. To achieve integrity of ciphertexts, INT-CTXT in the RUP setting is required, which we refer to as INT-RUP. These new security notions are used to make a classification of symmetric-key schemes in the RUP setting. Furthermore, we re-analyze existing authenticated encryption schemes, and provide solutions to fix insecure schemes.
Note: Added missing term in Proposition 11.
Metadata
- Available format(s)
-
PDF
- Category
- Secret-key cryptography
- Publication info
- A major revision of an IACR publication in ASIACRYPT 2014
- DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-662-45611-8_6
- Keywords
- Symmetric-key CryptographyAuthenticated EncryptionReleasing Unverified PlaintextPlaintext AwarenessPlaintext ExtractorCAESAR Competition
- Contact author(s)
- nicky @ mouha be
- History
- 2020-04-01: last of 4 revisions
- 2014-02-27: received
- See all versions
- Short URL
- https://ia.cr/2014/144
- License
-
CC BY
BibTeX
@misc{cryptoeprint:2014/144, author = {Elena Andreeva and Andrey Bogdanov and Atul Luykx and Bart Mennink and Nicky Mouha and Kan Yasuda}, title = {How to Securely Release Unverified Plaintext in Authenticated Encryption}, howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2014/144}, year = {2014}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-45611-8_6}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/144} }