Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina - Online first
Vulnerability Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Elements - Case Study in Rajec
Jozef Kubás, Boris Kollár, Jozef Ristvej, Katarina Petrlová, Kateřina Blažková
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.040 
The risk assessment of the area, with emphasis on the transport infrastructure, is dealt with in this paper. Disruption of some elements of transport infrastructure can lead to major negative impacts on the functioning of society, economies or states. The article therefore starts with presentation of the characteristics and importance of the road transport infrastructure with regard to its vulnerability. The core of the paper is the identification of vulnerable elements of road transport infrastructure and their parts and the subsequent vulnerability assessment of the selected element of the road transport infrastructure in the selected area. Therefore,...
Substantiation of Parameters of Cargo Movement by Car Rope Systems
Roman Rohatynskiy, Ivan Gevko, Oleg Lyashuk, Victor Aulin, Oleg Tson, Yuriy Nikerui, Andrii Horkunenko, Leonid Serilko, Bogdan Gevko, Olga Mosiy
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.041
The automobile cable systems for loading and unloading operations between the vehicle-support and vehicle-vehicle points are presented in this paper. The scheme of the automobile mobile cable system is based on a two-cable cableway. Based on this scheme, the parameters of the movement of goods by automobile cable systems are substantiated at variable parameters: mass m artificial loads together with the mass of the frame structure: 35 ≤ m ≤ 95 (kg); the angle of inclination α pairs of parallel ropes to the horizon: 10 ≤ α ≤ 15 (°); tension force ropes 2400 ≤ TD ≤ 5000 (N)....
Relationship between the Transport Performance and Financial Coverage in Urban Public Transport in the Czech Republic
Josef Kubík, Tomáš Urbánek
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.042
The research presented aimed to compare the transportation performance, as measured by vehicle kilometers, to the operating costs incurred by thirteen transport companies in the Czech Republic from 2010 to 2019. This period was chosen to ensure that our research is not affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The financial coverage of operating costs includes revenues from fares and compensations from city budgets. We utilized data from the annual reports of The Association of Transport Companies of the Czech Republic. Based on the obtained data, we confirmed a positive relationship between the city's population, the extent of transportation performance,...
Experimental Study of the System "Source of Exhaust Gas - Storage Capacity"
Oyum Balabayev, Bakhtiyar Askarov, Aidana Kassymzhanova, Dias Beisembayev, Adil Sove
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.043
The article presents the results of testing the validity of the hypothesis about the possibility of isolating the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (exhaust gas source). The objective was to conduct an experimental study of the "exhaust gas source - storage tank" system. In the experimental study, the following was performed: establishment of influencing factors and output parameters; selecting the number of experiments; methods and means of measurement; conducting an experiment at the stand.
Evaluation of Pedestrians' Gaze Behavior When Crossing the Road Using Eye-Tracking Technology: Implications for Autonomous Vehicle Led Communication Interface
Symbat Zhanguzhinova, Emese Mako
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.044
Since autonomous vehicles (AV) are in the testing process, it is an open question of how pedestrians will communicate with self-driving cars. Nowadays, explicit communication pattern is the main way of pedestrian-driver interaction, however, AV may use implicit communication when making crossing decisions. This study aims to analyze pedestrians' gaze behavior when crossing the road using an eye camera and find the most applicable location for the LED interface on AVs. 10 pedestrian crossings in Gyor, Hungary were analyzed using the synchronized eye-tracking (ET) technology and regular video cameras for combined data processing. The data were analyzed...
Research and Development of a Special Air Cushion Conveyor Design for the Transportation of Bulk Cargoes
Gulshat Sarsenova, Kuralai Joldassova, Baktybek Sultanaliev
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.045
The scientific task of the nozzle scheme uses for formation of an air cushion by using the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure, simultaneously to form an air cushion, as well as to create the driving force of a load-bearing web, was formulated and the main idea of the work was defined. The optimal option to significantly increase the productivity and length of special types of conveyors is to use the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure simultaneously as an air cushion and as the driving force of the load-carrying body, which makes it possible to sharply reduce the coefficient of resistance to movement of the load-carrying body...
Assessing the Stream Speed of Regular Traffic under Impacts of on-Street Parking
Naynish Pandey, Raman Parti, Subhadip Biswas
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.046
Stream speed pattern of traffic plays a crucial role in urban transportation. The presence of on-street parking significantly reduces this speed by narrowing the carriageway width available for traffic movement, impeding the traffic flow. Therefore, understanding the traffic flow behavior in the context of on-street parking could be challenging. In this context, the present study explores the influence of on-street parking on the stream speed of regular traffic. To achieve this, data were collected at various ideal and parking sections. The stream speed ranges from 39.28 km/h to 51.47 km/h for ideal sections with significant percentage reduction observed...
The Use of Automation in Rail Transport to Ensure Interchanges in Regional Passenger Transport
Petr Kučera, Andrea Heřmánková
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.047
This paper deals with the use of automation in rail transport to provide transfer links in public passenger transport. The methods of railway transport management in the Czech Republic are presented and their suitability for the use of automation in regional passenger transport is assessed. The authors consider the impact of automation only from a technological point of view. In this paper, the authors propose a modification of the train departure using a layout criterion and time stops to provide transfer links using the Automatic Route Setting System. The authors consider the use of the Real Time Rescheduling considering the traffic on the railway...
Multi-Leg Shear Reinforcement of Gfrp and Steel Lwrc Edge Column-Slab Connections: A Comparison Study
Mustafa F. Saeed, Ibrahim S. I. Harba
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.048
The behaviour of lightweight concrete (LWC) edge column-slab connections reinforced with two types of flexural reinforcement glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and steel bars with different ratios of shear reinforcement are investigated experimentally and analytically using ABAQUS software. The experimental protocol covered evaluation of eight slabs and edge columns measuring subjected to static loading. Slabs are evaluated as supported, free-standing at one edge, and the column connection is included. The slabs are divided into two groupings, with four slabs in each group. The first group was reinforced with steel flexural, while the second group...
Evolution of the Product and Process Requirements during the Project Lifetime
Łukasz Rudolf, Marek Roszak, Lenka Kuchariková
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.049
The automotive industry, known for its dynamism and innovation, relies on effectiveness of product and process requirements management. Effective collaboration with OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers) is essential for success. The article analyses how product and process requirements evolve during different project phases, following the APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) approach, depending on OEM type. The study focuses on Tier 1 organizations, direct suppliers to the automotive industry, and their diverse approaches to product development. It underscores the need for Tier 1 organizations to maintain flexibility in their operations and to...
Investigating the Characteristics of Modified Bitumen with Polyphosphoric Acid Polymers and Recycled Rubber
Sajad Chavoshi Najfabadi, Mohammad Mehdi Khabiri, Hamed Khani Sanij
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.050
The impact of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) polymers and crumb rubber (CR) on bitumen's properties to enhance its performance was examined in this study. Laboratory samples were created with varying percentages of PPA (0.5 % to 2 %) and CR (6 % to 18 %) and subjected to extensive testing. Findings indicated that the combination of PPA and CR led to notable improvements in bitumen performance, including increased viscosity, softening point, elasticity, and recovery rates at elevated temperatures. Specifically, samples with 18 % CR and 1.0 % or 2.0 % PPA demonstrated exceptional rheological properties and strength. The optimal combination (18% CR and 1.0%...
Technological Properties of Cylinder Liners of Automotive Internal Combustion Engines Restored by Centrifugal Induction Sintering
Khasan Ilyamov, Zhandos Zhumagulov, Erbol Sarkynov, Shamil Abdreshov, Gabit Bakyt, Yerzhigit Saparbayev
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.051
Cylinder liners of an automotive internal combustion engine are subject to significant losses during operation. Severe operating conditions of cylinder liners lead to the appearance of various defects that must be eliminated to ensure the performance of the internal combustion engine. Currently, several methods have been developed for restoring and strengthening the inner surface of cylinder liners of automobile and tractor engines. Analyzing the considered methods for strengthening and restoring cylinder liners, their advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of increasing their durability, it can be assumed that the high-quality restoration...
The Effectiveness of Public Intervention in the Regional and Urban Mobility Based on the Examples of Poland and Slovakia
Jozef Gnap, Grzegorz Dydkowski, Anna Urbanek
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.052
Ensuring the sustainable development of urban and regional public transport systems is one of the major challenges faced by public authorities. This article examines changes over more than two decades in the two key synthetic measures for balancing transport: urban and regional public transport and individual motorization in two neighbouring EU countries, Poland, and Slovakia. The findings reveal the low effectiveness of transport sustainability policies, particularly in Poland, as evidenced by a decline in public transport usage and a significant increase in the number of private cars. Comparing the two countries Slovakia's policies proved more effective,...
Investigating the Effects of Micro Montmorillonite on Cement Mortar Physical Properties
Aous Abdulhussain Moyet, Khalid M. Owaid, Raouf Mahmood Raouf
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.053
The effects of micro-sized montmorillonite clay (MMT) on Portland cement concrete were examined in this study, focusing on regular and calcined MMT as partial cement replacements. Key properties assessed include consistency, setting time, flexural strength, and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Regular MMT initially acts as an inert filler, potentially reducing compressive strength, while calcined MMT improves compatibility and strength. Both types extend the setting time, with regular MMT causing more delay. The study highlights that the regular MMT increases water demand and setting time, whereas calcined MMT enhances strength and mitigates...
Factors Negatively Affecting the Quality of Work of Pti Technicians - the Case of the Slovak Republic
Juraj Hudec, Branislav Šarkan
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.054
The authors examine the negative impact of objective and subjective factors on the quality of work of periodical technical inspection stations (PTI) technicians. In this context, the authors conducted a survey among the PTI technicians and vehicle operators. From the results formulated in the article, it emerged that the quality of PTI technicians' work, and thus the entire PTI, is negatively affected mainly by the high degree of subjectivity entrusted to PTI technicians, when evaluating the technical condition of vehicles (94.12 %) and the resulting scope for incorrect judgments and influencing the result of PTI (corruption, acquaintances), and the...
Robust Adaptive Speed Control for the DC Motor Based on a Modified MRAC
Mokhtar Nesri, Hichem Benkadi, Guedida Sifelislam, Abdelhakim Idir, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.055
The aim of this research was to develop a high performance adaptive control strategy based on the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) approach, using the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) law rule as an adjustment mechanism to control the speed of a DC motor. In this work, we propose a modified model reference adaptive control (MRAC) to exploit the advantages of adaptive control within the classical feedback loop. This new control strategy is a hybrid between the classical control loop and MRAC, designed specifically for the control of a DC motor system. The modified MRAC demonstrates remarkable robustness and superior control performance,...