We report a case of parasitism by Rhabditis sp in a five-month-old child, from Goiás State, Brazil. He had a history of diarrhea with liquid and green faeces which later became bloody. Parasitological examination revealed the presence of larvae and adult female of Rhabditis sp. We used thiabendazole in this case after which the child improved. The authors suggest a better differential diagnostic between Strongyloides and Rhabditis.