The aim of this study was to investigate the association of human oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) polymorphisms with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in Taiwan.
Patients and methods: This hospital-based case-control study included 460 UC cases and 540 cancer-free controls, who had been frequency matched by age and gender, between August 2006 and October 2009. The joint effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk genotypes of the hOGG1 and XPD genes on UC risk was estimated using an unconditional logistic regression.
Results: Individuals carrying both the hOGG1 (C/G or G/G) and XPD (A/C or C/C) risk genotypes had a significantly higher UC risk (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.01-3.0) than the hOGG1 (C/C) and XPD (A/A) reference group. Those who had a history of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption carrying both the hOGG1 and XPD risk genotypes had the highest UC risk (OR=9.9, 95% CI= 4.5-21.8). The UC cases carrying both the hOGG1 and XPD risk genotypes had a significantly increased risk (OR=5.2, 95% CI=1.2-22.3) of high grade tumor.
Conclusion: A significant joint effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and both hOGG1 and XPD risk genotypes increases UC risk and UC cases carrying both hOGG1 and XPD risk genotypes have a significantly greater risk of high grade tumor.