Figurative language in media such as memes, art, or comics has gained dramatic interest recently. However, the challenge remains in accurately justifying and explaining whether an image caption complements or contradicts the image it accompanies. To tackle this problem, we design a modal-supplement framework MAPPER consisting of a describer and thinker. The describer based on a frozen large vision model is designed to describe an image in detail to capture entailed semantic information. The thinker based on a finetuned large multi-modal model is designed to utilize description, claim and image to make prediction and explanation. Experiment results on a publicly available benchmark dataset from FigLang2024 Task 2 show that our method ranks at top 1 in overall evaluation, the performance exceeds the second place by 28.57%. This indicates that MAPPER is highly effective in understanding, judging and explaining of the figurative language. The source code is available at https://github.com/Libv-Team/figlang2024.

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) can be viewed as two subtasks: textual word sense disambiguation (Textual-WSD) and visual word sense disambiguation (Visual-WSD). They aim to identify the most semantically relevant senses or images to a given context containing ambiguous target words. However, existing WSD models seldom address these two subtasks jointly due to lack of images in Textual-WSD datasets or lack of senses in Visual-WSD datasets. To bridge this gap, we propose PolCLIP, a unified image-text WSD model. By employing an image-text complementarity strategy, it not only simulates stable diffusion models to generate implicit visual representations for word senses but also simulates image captioning models to provide implicit textual representations for images. Additionally, a disambiguation-oriented image-sense dataset is constructed for the training objective of learning multimodal polysemy representations. To the best of our knowledge, PolCLIP is the first model that can cope with both Textual-WSD and Visual-WSD. Extensive experimental results on benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving a 2.53% F1-score increase over the state-of-the-art models on Textual-WSD and a 2.22% HR@1 improvement on Visual-WSD.

Author affiliation information plays a key role in bibliometric analyses and is essential for evaluating studies. However, as author affiliation information has not been standardized, which leads to difficulties such as synonym ambiguity and incomplete data during automated processing. To address the challenge, this paper proposes an end-to-end entity recognition and disambiguation framework for identifying author affiliation from literature publications. For entity disambiguation, an algorithm combining word embedding and spatial embedding is presented considering that author affiliation texts often contain rich geographic information. The disambiguation algorithm utilizes the semantic information and geographic information, which effectively enhances entity recognition and disambiguation effect. In addition, the proposed framework facilitates the effective utilization of the extensive literature in the PubMed database for comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The experimental results verify the robustness and effectiveness of the algorithm.

Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), as a fine-grained image-text retrieval task, aims to identify the images that are relevant to ambiguous target words or phrases. However, the difficulties of limited contextual information and cross-linguistic background knowledge in text processing make this task challenging. To alleviate this issue, we propose a Fine-grained Contrastive Language-Image Learning (FCLL) model, which learns fine-grained image-text knowledge by employing a new fine-grained contrastive learning mechanism and enriches contextual information by establishing relationship between concepts and sentences. In addition, a new multimodal-multilingual knowledge base involving ambiguous target words is constructed for visual WSD. Experiment results on the benchmark datasets from SemEval-2023 Task 1 show that our FCLL ranks at the first in overall evaluation with an average H@1 of 72.56\% and an average MRR of 82.22\%. The results demonstrate that FCLL is effective in inference on fine-grained language-vision knowledge. Source codes and the knowledge base are publicly available at https://github.com/CharlesYang030/FCLL.

“糖尿病作为一种典型慢性疾病已成为全球重大公共卫生挑战之一。随着互联网的快速发展,庞大的二型糖尿病患者和高危人群对糖尿病专业信息获取的需求日益突出,糖尿病自动问答服务对患者和高危人群的日常健康服务也发挥着越来越重要的作用,然而存在缺乏细粒度分类等突出问题。本文设计了一个表示用户意图的新型糖尿病问题分类体系,包括6个大类和23个细类。基于该体系,本文从两个专业医疗问答网站爬取并构建了一个包含122732个问答对的中文糖尿病问答语料库DaCorp,同时对其中的8000个糖尿病问题进行人工标注,形成一个细粒度的糖尿病标注数据集。此外,为评估该标注数据集的质量,本文实现了8个主流基线分类模型。实验结果表明,最佳分类模型的准确率达到88.7%,验证了糖尿病标注数据集及所提分类体系的有效性。Dacorp、糖尿病标注数据集和标注指南已在线发布,可以免费用于学术研究。”

Pretrained language models such as BERT have been successfully applied to a wide range of natural language processing tasks and also achieved impressive performance in document reranking tasks. Recent works indicate that further pretraining the language models on the task-specific datasets before fine-tuning helps improve reranking performance. However, the pre-training tasks like masked language model and next sentence prediction were based on the context of documents instead of encouraging the model to understand the content of queries in document reranking task. In this paper, we propose a new self-supervised joint training framework (SJTF) with a self-supervised method called Masked Query Prediction (MQP) to establish semantic relations between given queries and positive documents. The framework randomly masks a token of query and encodes the masked query paired with positive documents, and uses a linear layer as a decoder to predict the masked token. In addition, the MQP is used to jointly optimize the models with supervised ranking objective during fine-tuning stage without an extra further pre-training stage. Extensive experiments on the MS MARCO passage ranking and TREC Robust datasets show that models trained with our framework obtain significant improvements compared to original models.

T-Know is a knowledge service system based on the constructed knowledge graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Using authorized and anonymized clinical records, medicine clinical guidelines, teaching materials, classic medical books, academic publications, etc., as data resources, the system extracts triples from free texts to build a TCM knowledge graph by our developed natural language processing methods. On the basis of the knowledge graph, a deep learning algorithm is implemented for single-round question understanding and multiple-round dialogue. In addition, the TCM knowledge graph also is used to support human-computer interactive knowledge retrieval by normalizing search keywords to medical terminology.