Aims: To check the prevalence of CD among different age groups and across gender in population of... more Aims: To check the prevalence of CD among different age groups and across gender in population of Hazara division and to determine the distribution of CD through ELISA technique. Study design: A cross sectional study was designed at department of medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur (KPK). Place and duration: Samples were analyzed at Hamdard laboratory from November 2016 to May 2017. Methods: we used ELISA technique in our study. According to the company instructions, the ELISA method was used to detect anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies using this approach, which is sensitive, and specific. We target anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody by this technique which is an optimistic antibody assisting in the validation of the CD diagnostic test. Results Total 8000 patients samples were collected from Gastro OPD of district head quarter (DHQ) hospital Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra of Hazara Division. Out of 8000 the 6880(86%) male and 1120(14%) females. About 56...
Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavi... more Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavioral risk factors for MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Structured questionnaire and review of clinical records were used to collect data for this study which was entered into and analyzed using SPSS 20. Multi-variate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors affecting the outcome in patients with tuberculosis. P≤ 0.05 was taken to be significant.
Background: The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is very high in Pakistan c... more Background: The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is very high in Pakistan considering the fact that Pakistan is one of the few countries with a high burden of tuberculosis – both drug susceptible and drug resistant tuberculosis. Objective: This study focused on the risk factors leading to development of MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavioral risk factors for MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Structured questionnaire and review of clinical records were used to collect data for this study which was entered into and analyzed using SPSS 20. Multi-variate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors affecting the outcome in patients with tuberculosis. P≤ 0.05 was taken to be significant. Results: There were 180 study participants divided into two groups of 90 each. Age, close quarter living, treatment with anti-tubercular...
Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health, 2020
Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent in... more Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent infectious disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world in addition Pakistan is amongst the highly affected countries regarding infectivity rate of malaria. The main objective of the current research was to analyzed haematological changes and seroprevalence of malaria infection in patients caused by Plasmodium vivax. The study was conducted at Katlang Diagnostic Centre Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 188 patients having malaria disease were enrolled, in which frequency of male patients were 122 (64.9%) while frequency of female patients was 66 (35.1%). Results indicated that there was no association between gender and BT Ring condition, because the value of chi-square (0.215) was greater than p value (0.5). Similarly, the value of chi-square (0.540) was greater than p value (0.05), which showed that there was no association between gender and B Trophozoite ...
Antibiotics are drugs used for the treatment most of the bacterial infections. The rapid and irra... more Antibiotics are drugs used for the treatment most of the bacterial infections. The rapid and irrational use of antibiotics presents a high risk of developing health complications and also leads to antibiotic resistance. The current study is designed to know about the ratio of irrational use of antibiotics and associated risks with it. Antibiotics remain an integral part of the prescriptions at DHQ Hospital Charsadda. Our study was based mainly on antibiotic prescriptions. A total of 500 prescriptions were examined in which 62% of the prescriptions were examined thoroughly and found rational whereas 38% were irrational. 26.98% of these irrational prescriptions were due to inaccurate doses. Additionally, 25.39% of them were prescribed for incorrect durations, indicating basic misconceptions in the prescriptions. Among the total irrational prescriptions, the frequency of antibiotics-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, and contraindications were 18.51%, 14.5%, and 14.81% respecti...
Method: This study was carried out to elucidate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevalence and t... more Method: This study was carried out to elucidate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevalence and their Rifampicin resistance among patients of Ayub teaching hospital and nearby districts in Hazara division of Pakistan from July 2017 to September 2019. Total 276 clinical samples were collected (both respiratory and non-respiratory) and screened by Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) staining initially for the presence of Acid-Fast bacilli (AFB). Samples were further subjected to GeneXpert assay for detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance.
Increase in drug resistant pathogens has led a way for the development of new drugs by using herb... more Increase in drug resistant pathogens has led a way for the development of new drugs by using herbal and medicinal plants extracts. In this study antimicrobial effect of methanolic and ethanolic extract of Sambucus wightiana was recorded positive against 9 pathogenic strains. Extracts of medicinal plant Sambucus wightiana possess cure for many diseases such as extract from ripe fruit cure chronic rheumatism, neuralgia and sciatica. Whole plant extract help in clearing skin and sought out skin problems and is locally used for curing fever, rheumatism and gout. The main purpose of this investigation was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts of Sambucus wightiana against medically important bacterial strains. Antibacterial activity of whole plant’ s methanolic and ethanolic extract of S. wightiana was checked against 9 bacterial strains including gram positive and negative via agar well diffusion assay method. Antimicrobial activity has been tested against Escherichia ...
To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused o... more To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a research hotspot and catch great attention because of its versatile applications in medical, biosciences and engineering fields. Purpose of our recent study is to synthesize bio-inspired metallic silver NPs by root mediated Zingiber officianale extract. The synthesized Ag-NPs were further characterized by using UVVisible spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM and DLS techniques. The extent of crystallites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. SEM and TEM revealed the morphological features with size of nanoparticles between 17.3 and 41.2 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the capping of nanoparticles by bio active constituents present in Zingiber officinale extract. Later EDX confirmed the elemental composition of nanoparticles. Zeta potential, PDI and hydrodynamic size of Ag-NPs were confirmed by DLS. The synthesize Ag-NPs possess eminent bi...
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing challenge to health servic... more Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing challenge to health services globally. Although new drugs are in development, current guidelines still recommend prolonged use of injectable antimicrobials (usually Amikacin, Kanamycin or Capreomycin). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients initiating treatment for MDR-TB at Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB unit, Lady Reading Hospital (PMDT-LRH) Peshawar between January 2012 and December 2013. Objective: Objective of the present study is to find out the incidence of ototoxicity (defined both clinically and on audiological testing), its associated factors and its effects on final outcome. Results: The choice of injectable antimicrobial varied. Total of 543 patients treated with injectable antimicrobials for MDR-TB were included in the analysis. Of 543 MDR-TB patients, 476 (87.7%) received amikacin and 67 (12%) received capreomycin. All the patients received baseline screening by audiom...
Pakistan ranks 4th among 22 multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden countries. The ... more Pakistan ranks 4th among 22 multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden countries. The increasing rate of MDR-TB in Pakistan underscores the importance of effective treatment programs of drug-resistant TB. Clinical management of MDR-TB requires prolonged multidrug regimens that often cause adverse events (AEs). This retrospective case series study include all patients who were enrolled for MDR-TB treatment during January 2014 till April 2015 at Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) unit at tertiary care hospital, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar Pakistan. In this study we sought to ascertain the occurrence of treatment related adverse events and factors associated with these events. Here we also examined the frequency of and reasons for changing drug regimens. We further sought to determine whether the occurrence of adverse events negatively impacts the treatment outcome and management of adverse effects without requiring the discontinuation of MDR-TB the...
Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid toget... more Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid together, has been rapidly spreading in recent years. In new pulmonary tuberculosis patients, rapid spread of MDR-TB and XDR-TB challenging the effectiveness of national TB control programs especially in many low-income countries. This study was aimed to determine the resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among new cases, cured, failure, relapse, defaulted, treatment completed, treatment not evaluated and suspect to be resistant to first line antitubercular drugs of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The study was conducted during 2013-2016 in which 148 patients were enrolled infected with pulmonary TB. Three sputum samples were consecutively collected and transported for drug analysis to the Provincial Reference Laboratory (PRL) at Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar (HMCP) TB laboratory, within three days of collection at +4°C in a cold box. Using the standard proportion method, drug s...
Multi drug resistance-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered amongst one of the fatal medical and pu... more Multi drug resistance-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered amongst one of the fatal medical and public health issue. Greater frequency of adverse reactions has been observed using 2nd line antituberculosis drugs, which rises the rate of morbidity. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia are common in patients receiving MDR-TB treatment. This study was aimed to assess the effect of amikacin as multidrug resistance tuberculosis treatment on serum sodium and potassium level. A total 179 subjects (82 males and 97 females) were screened within the period of one year for their serum electrolyte levels before and during the treatment. Their body weight and sociodemographic characteristics were also taken into considerations. Data were expressed in the form of mean ± standard error using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's test. All the statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism v. 6. The results showed that amikacin caused a significant (p< 0.05) hypokalemi...
Aims: To check the prevalence of CD among different age groups and across gender in population of... more Aims: To check the prevalence of CD among different age groups and across gender in population of Hazara division and to determine the distribution of CD through ELISA technique. Study design: A cross sectional study was designed at department of medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur (KPK). Place and duration: Samples were analyzed at Hamdard laboratory from November 2016 to May 2017. Methods: we used ELISA technique in our study. According to the company instructions, the ELISA method was used to detect anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies using this approach, which is sensitive, and specific. We target anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody by this technique which is an optimistic antibody assisting in the validation of the CD diagnostic test. Results Total 8000 patients samples were collected from Gastro OPD of district head quarter (DHQ) hospital Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra of Hazara Division. Out of 8000 the 6880(86%) male and 1120(14%) females. About 56...
Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavi... more Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavioral risk factors for MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Structured questionnaire and review of clinical records were used to collect data for this study which was entered into and analyzed using SPSS 20. Multi-variate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors affecting the outcome in patients with tuberculosis. P≤ 0.05 was taken to be significant.
Background: The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is very high in Pakistan c... more Background: The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is very high in Pakistan considering the fact that Pakistan is one of the few countries with a high burden of tuberculosis – both drug susceptible and drug resistant tuberculosis. Objective: This study focused on the risk factors leading to development of MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Methodology: This was a case control study to evaluate the demographic, social, and clinic behavioral risk factors for MDR-TB in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Structured questionnaire and review of clinical records were used to collect data for this study which was entered into and analyzed using SPSS 20. Multi-variate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors affecting the outcome in patients with tuberculosis. P≤ 0.05 was taken to be significant. Results: There were 180 study participants divided into two groups of 90 each. Age, close quarter living, treatment with anti-tubercular...
Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health, 2020
Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent in... more Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent infectious disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world in addition Pakistan is amongst the highly affected countries regarding infectivity rate of malaria. The main objective of the current research was to analyzed haematological changes and seroprevalence of malaria infection in patients caused by Plasmodium vivax. The study was conducted at Katlang Diagnostic Centre Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 188 patients having malaria disease were enrolled, in which frequency of male patients were 122 (64.9%) while frequency of female patients was 66 (35.1%). Results indicated that there was no association between gender and BT Ring condition, because the value of chi-square (0.215) was greater than p value (0.5). Similarly, the value of chi-square (0.540) was greater than p value (0.05), which showed that there was no association between gender and B Trophozoite ...
Antibiotics are drugs used for the treatment most of the bacterial infections. The rapid and irra... more Antibiotics are drugs used for the treatment most of the bacterial infections. The rapid and irrational use of antibiotics presents a high risk of developing health complications and also leads to antibiotic resistance. The current study is designed to know about the ratio of irrational use of antibiotics and associated risks with it. Antibiotics remain an integral part of the prescriptions at DHQ Hospital Charsadda. Our study was based mainly on antibiotic prescriptions. A total of 500 prescriptions were examined in which 62% of the prescriptions were examined thoroughly and found rational whereas 38% were irrational. 26.98% of these irrational prescriptions were due to inaccurate doses. Additionally, 25.39% of them were prescribed for incorrect durations, indicating basic misconceptions in the prescriptions. Among the total irrational prescriptions, the frequency of antibiotics-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, and contraindications were 18.51%, 14.5%, and 14.81% respecti...
Method: This study was carried out to elucidate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevalence and t... more Method: This study was carried out to elucidate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevalence and their Rifampicin resistance among patients of Ayub teaching hospital and nearby districts in Hazara division of Pakistan from July 2017 to September 2019. Total 276 clinical samples were collected (both respiratory and non-respiratory) and screened by Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) staining initially for the presence of Acid-Fast bacilli (AFB). Samples were further subjected to GeneXpert assay for detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance.
Increase in drug resistant pathogens has led a way for the development of new drugs by using herb... more Increase in drug resistant pathogens has led a way for the development of new drugs by using herbal and medicinal plants extracts. In this study antimicrobial effect of methanolic and ethanolic extract of Sambucus wightiana was recorded positive against 9 pathogenic strains. Extracts of medicinal plant Sambucus wightiana possess cure for many diseases such as extract from ripe fruit cure chronic rheumatism, neuralgia and sciatica. Whole plant extract help in clearing skin and sought out skin problems and is locally used for curing fever, rheumatism and gout. The main purpose of this investigation was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts of Sambucus wightiana against medically important bacterial strains. Antibacterial activity of whole plant’ s methanolic and ethanolic extract of S. wightiana was checked against 9 bacterial strains including gram positive and negative via agar well diffusion assay method. Antimicrobial activity has been tested against Escherichia ...
To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused o... more To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a research hotspot and catch great attention because of its versatile applications in medical, biosciences and engineering fields. Purpose of our recent study is to synthesize bio-inspired metallic silver NPs by root mediated Zingiber officianale extract. The synthesized Ag-NPs were further characterized by using UVVisible spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM and DLS techniques. The extent of crystallites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. SEM and TEM revealed the morphological features with size of nanoparticles between 17.3 and 41.2 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the capping of nanoparticles by bio active constituents present in Zingiber officinale extract. Later EDX confirmed the elemental composition of nanoparticles. Zeta potential, PDI and hydrodynamic size of Ag-NPs were confirmed by DLS. The synthesize Ag-NPs possess eminent bi...
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing challenge to health servic... more Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing challenge to health services globally. Although new drugs are in development, current guidelines still recommend prolonged use of injectable antimicrobials (usually Amikacin, Kanamycin or Capreomycin). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients initiating treatment for MDR-TB at Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB unit, Lady Reading Hospital (PMDT-LRH) Peshawar between January 2012 and December 2013. Objective: Objective of the present study is to find out the incidence of ototoxicity (defined both clinically and on audiological testing), its associated factors and its effects on final outcome. Results: The choice of injectable antimicrobial varied. Total of 543 patients treated with injectable antimicrobials for MDR-TB were included in the analysis. Of 543 MDR-TB patients, 476 (87.7%) received amikacin and 67 (12%) received capreomycin. All the patients received baseline screening by audiom...
Pakistan ranks 4th among 22 multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden countries. The ... more Pakistan ranks 4th among 22 multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden countries. The increasing rate of MDR-TB in Pakistan underscores the importance of effective treatment programs of drug-resistant TB. Clinical management of MDR-TB requires prolonged multidrug regimens that often cause adverse events (AEs). This retrospective case series study include all patients who were enrolled for MDR-TB treatment during January 2014 till April 2015 at Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) unit at tertiary care hospital, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar Pakistan. In this study we sought to ascertain the occurrence of treatment related adverse events and factors associated with these events. Here we also examined the frequency of and reasons for changing drug regimens. We further sought to determine whether the occurrence of adverse events negatively impacts the treatment outcome and management of adverse effects without requiring the discontinuation of MDR-TB the...
Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid toget... more Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid together, has been rapidly spreading in recent years. In new pulmonary tuberculosis patients, rapid spread of MDR-TB and XDR-TB challenging the effectiveness of national TB control programs especially in many low-income countries. This study was aimed to determine the resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among new cases, cured, failure, relapse, defaulted, treatment completed, treatment not evaluated and suspect to be resistant to first line antitubercular drugs of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The study was conducted during 2013-2016 in which 148 patients were enrolled infected with pulmonary TB. Three sputum samples were consecutively collected and transported for drug analysis to the Provincial Reference Laboratory (PRL) at Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar (HMCP) TB laboratory, within three days of collection at +4°C in a cold box. Using the standard proportion method, drug s...
Multi drug resistance-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered amongst one of the fatal medical and pu... more Multi drug resistance-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered amongst one of the fatal medical and public health issue. Greater frequency of adverse reactions has been observed using 2nd line antituberculosis drugs, which rises the rate of morbidity. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia are common in patients receiving MDR-TB treatment. This study was aimed to assess the effect of amikacin as multidrug resistance tuberculosis treatment on serum sodium and potassium level. A total 179 subjects (82 males and 97 females) were screened within the period of one year for their serum electrolyte levels before and during the treatment. Their body weight and sociodemographic characteristics were also taken into considerations. Data were expressed in the form of mean ± standard error using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's test. All the statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism v. 6. The results showed that amikacin caused a significant (p< 0.05) hypokalemi...
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