Climate change impacts agricultural productivity and farmers’ income, integrated farming systems ... more Climate change impacts agricultural productivity and farmers’ income, integrated farming systems (IFS) provide a mechanism to cope with such impacts. The nature and extent of climatic aberrations, perceived impact, and adaptation strategies by the farmers reduce the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate 2160 IFS farmers about their perceptions of climate change, barriers, and the likelihood of adapting to the negative impacts of climate change. The study observed an increasing rainfall trend for humid (4.18 mm/year) and semi-arid (0.35 mm/year) regions, while a decreasing trend was observed in sub-humid (−2.02 mm/year) and arid (−0.20 mm/year) regions over the last 38 years. The annual rise in temperature trends observed in different ACZs varied between 0.011–0.014 °C. Nearly 79% of IFS farmers perceived an increase in temperature, decreasing rainfall, variability in the onset of monsoon, heavy terminal rains, mid-season dr...
Objective:To examine the association between remittances and food security in Bangladesh, control... more Objective:To examine the association between remittances and food security in Bangladesh, controlling for other key factors.Design:The secondary data analysis was performed on the most recent (2016) nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey. We used logistic regression models to measure the association between food security of the household and remittances received. The household food security was measured based on expenditure on food items and the energy intake of the household members. The key explanatory variables included the receipt of remittances by the household and household-level socio-economic characteristics.Setting:Bangladesh.Participants:Totally, 45 977 households across seven divisions of Bangladesh.Results:Findings suggested that remittances have a significant positive effect on food security. Further, the households with female heads were significantly more likely to be food insecure. The wealth status and geographical locations were significa...
Located on the south-facing slope of the Himalayas, Nepal receives intense, long-lasting precipit... more Located on the south-facing slope of the Himalayas, Nepal receives intense, long-lasting precipitation during the Asian summer monsoon, making Nepal one of the most susceptible countries to flood and landslide hazards in the region. However, sparse gauging and irregular measurement constrain the vulnerability assessments of floods and landslides which rely highly on the accuracy of precipitation. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of Satellite-based Precipitation Products (SPPs) in the Himalayas region by comparing different datasets and identifying the best alternative of gauge-based precipitation for hydro-meteorological applications. We compared eight SPPs using statistical metrics and then used the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique to rank them. Secondly, we assessed the hydrological utility of SPPs by simulating through the GR4J hydrological model. We found a high POD (0.60–0.80) for all SPPs except CHIRPS and PERSIANN; however, a high CC (0.20–0.40) ...
Climate change is viewed as the main obstacle to agricultural development in developing countries... more Climate change is viewed as the main obstacle to agricultural development in developing countries. The high dependence on agriculture and allied sectors makes many countries vulnerable to the climate change phenomenon. There is a gap in macro and micro-level understanding of climate change. Thoughtful farmers’ perceptions and impacts of climate change on farming are fundamental for developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to understand the pattern of climate variability, farmers’ perceptions about climate change, and farmers’ adaptation strategies based on their socio-cultural background in the villages of Goa, on the west coast of India. The results reveal that about 62% of the sampled farmers have experienced climate change in terms of meteorological indicators such as increased average temperature, decreased total rainfall, delayed onset of monsoon, and an increase in the length of the summer season. The temperature...
Presently climate change is a serious Problems on corals and their associated ecosystems that als... more Presently climate change is a serious Problems on corals and their associated ecosystems that also affects the national and international income. The Present study emphasizes the impact of sea surface temperature on coral living, coral bleaching, coral growth and modelling for influential high temperature on corals as a significant biodiversity of tropical regions. Coral bleaching information, data of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and coast watch utility software collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an important way of monitoring and modelling of coral responses to SST. These data represent that the higher range of sea surface temperature and anomaly is responsible for the greater change of the coral bleaching area and hotspot. Within the narrow sea surface temperature change coral can respond significantly. This model finds southern pacific is most vulnerable and attractive sites for coral bleaching. Eastern tropical Pacific and Caribbean co...
Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to defore... more Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to deforestation, landslides, intensive agriculture, population pressure, and overgrazing, in particular, where various fluvial and denudation processes occur. It is important to assess the magnitude of problem and to understand the erosion process under normal conditions, so that effective measures can be implemented. Therefore, the study selected Kalsa watershed from the Lesser Himalayan region, where soil erosion is more prominent. Regarding this issue, to identify the hotspot of soil erosion of the basin, watershed prioritization methods using advanced geographical information system and remote sensing techniques integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a comparison has been made to evaluate the performance of these models. The study considered sixteen different morphometric parameters, including linear (Rho coefficient, stream frequency...
Climate change is continuously affecting the agriculture, ecosystem, species distribution as well... more Climate change is continuously affecting the agriculture, ecosystem, species distribution as well as global biodiversity. The assessment of the species potential distribution, land suitability, and the spatial changes under various climate change scenarios is a significant step towards the conservation planning and policy applications. Therefore, to understand the climate change impacts, the present study considers Garcinia gummi-gutta cash crop species as a case study, which are even exported, adding the nation’s foreign reserve. India maintains a global monopoly in this agricultural production. Also, the study aimed to predict the influence of current and future climate on an ecologically vulnerable medicinal cash crops species, Garcinia gummi-gutta, of the Western Ghats using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. The future projections were made for the period of 2050 and 2070 with RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenario of 4.5 and 8.5 using 84 species occurrence data, ...
Abstract Rapid urban proliferation is an indispensable and reciprocal issue in contemporary urban... more Abstract Rapid urban proliferation is an indispensable and reciprocal issue in contemporary urban planning and development. This study envisages the prediction-adaptation-resilience (PAR) approach to analyze the future urban landscape resilience and sustainable development goals (SDGs). We have selected a small, unplanned growing up city, namely, Krishnanagar urban agglomeration (KUA), in India, to apply the PAR approach. Therefore, land use land cover map has been prepared for 2000, 2010, and 2020. The result shows the built-up area has been increased most in past 20 years, from 6.36 km2 to 13.23 km2. Then, the cellular automata-Markov chain model is applied to predict the future potential urban development surface for 2030 and 2040. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows 83.6% success rate between the predicted and actual map of CA-Markov. The prediction map of 2030 and 2040 shows that the built-up area continuously expands (13.23 km2 to 16.52 km2) towards KUA's surrounding regions. Consequently, other decreasing land classes will be a threat to SDGs and urban resilience. So, people of KUA are adopting the changing hostile nature of urbanisation and urban vulnerability. Hence, this study will help the local administration to make a proper urban planning and adaptation strategies by maintaining good urban governance to achieve 8 SDGs of UN's 2030 Agenda in future.
Background: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), known as monkey fever was for the first time reported ... more Background: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), known as monkey fever was for the first time reported in 1957 from Shivamogga district of Karnataka. But since 2011, it is spreading to the neighbouring state of Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. The disease is transmitted to humans, monkeys and by the infected bite of ticks Haemaphysalis spinigera. It is known that deforestation and ecological changes are the main reasons for KFD emergence, but the bio-climatic understanding and emerging pathways remain unknown.Methods: The present study aims to understand the bio-climatic determinants of KFD tick distribution in southern India using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The analysis was done using 34 locations of Haemaphysalis spinigera occurrence and nineteen bio-climatic variables from WorldClim. Climatic variables’ contribution was assessed using the jackknife test and mean AUC 0.859 which indicated the model performs with very high accuracy.Results: Most influential variables affect...
Background Dengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbre... more Background Dengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbreaks of dengue occur in various parts of India as well but there is no tool to provide early warning. The current study was, therefore, undertaken to find out the link between El Niño, precipitation, and dengue cases, which could help in early preparedness for control of dengue.Methods Data on Oceanic Niño Index was extracted from CPC-IRI (USA) while the data on monthly rainfall was procured from India Meteorological Department. Data on annual dengue cases was taken from the website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between seasonal +ONI, ‘rainfall index’ and ‘dengue case index’ based on past 20 years state-level data. The ‘dengue case index’ representing ‘relative deviation from mean’ was correlated to the 3 months average Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). The computed r values of ‘dengue case index’ and ‘+ONI’ ...
Climate change impacts agricultural productivity and farmers’ income, integrated farming systems ... more Climate change impacts agricultural productivity and farmers’ income, integrated farming systems (IFS) provide a mechanism to cope with such impacts. The nature and extent of climatic aberrations, perceived impact, and adaptation strategies by the farmers reduce the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate 2160 IFS farmers about their perceptions of climate change, barriers, and the likelihood of adapting to the negative impacts of climate change. The study observed an increasing rainfall trend for humid (4.18 mm/year) and semi-arid (0.35 mm/year) regions, while a decreasing trend was observed in sub-humid (−2.02 mm/year) and arid (−0.20 mm/year) regions over the last 38 years. The annual rise in temperature trends observed in different ACZs varied between 0.011–0.014 °C. Nearly 79% of IFS farmers perceived an increase in temperature, decreasing rainfall, variability in the onset of monsoon, heavy terminal rains, mid-season dr...
Objective:To examine the association between remittances and food security in Bangladesh, control... more Objective:To examine the association between remittances and food security in Bangladesh, controlling for other key factors.Design:The secondary data analysis was performed on the most recent (2016) nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey. We used logistic regression models to measure the association between food security of the household and remittances received. The household food security was measured based on expenditure on food items and the energy intake of the household members. The key explanatory variables included the receipt of remittances by the household and household-level socio-economic characteristics.Setting:Bangladesh.Participants:Totally, 45 977 households across seven divisions of Bangladesh.Results:Findings suggested that remittances have a significant positive effect on food security. Further, the households with female heads were significantly more likely to be food insecure. The wealth status and geographical locations were significa...
Located on the south-facing slope of the Himalayas, Nepal receives intense, long-lasting precipit... more Located on the south-facing slope of the Himalayas, Nepal receives intense, long-lasting precipitation during the Asian summer monsoon, making Nepal one of the most susceptible countries to flood and landslide hazards in the region. However, sparse gauging and irregular measurement constrain the vulnerability assessments of floods and landslides which rely highly on the accuracy of precipitation. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of Satellite-based Precipitation Products (SPPs) in the Himalayas region by comparing different datasets and identifying the best alternative of gauge-based precipitation for hydro-meteorological applications. We compared eight SPPs using statistical metrics and then used the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique to rank them. Secondly, we assessed the hydrological utility of SPPs by simulating through the GR4J hydrological model. We found a high POD (0.60–0.80) for all SPPs except CHIRPS and PERSIANN; however, a high CC (0.20–0.40) ...
Climate change is viewed as the main obstacle to agricultural development in developing countries... more Climate change is viewed as the main obstacle to agricultural development in developing countries. The high dependence on agriculture and allied sectors makes many countries vulnerable to the climate change phenomenon. There is a gap in macro and micro-level understanding of climate change. Thoughtful farmers’ perceptions and impacts of climate change on farming are fundamental for developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to understand the pattern of climate variability, farmers’ perceptions about climate change, and farmers’ adaptation strategies based on their socio-cultural background in the villages of Goa, on the west coast of India. The results reveal that about 62% of the sampled farmers have experienced climate change in terms of meteorological indicators such as increased average temperature, decreased total rainfall, delayed onset of monsoon, and an increase in the length of the summer season. The temperature...
Presently climate change is a serious Problems on corals and their associated ecosystems that als... more Presently climate change is a serious Problems on corals and their associated ecosystems that also affects the national and international income. The Present study emphasizes the impact of sea surface temperature on coral living, coral bleaching, coral growth and modelling for influential high temperature on corals as a significant biodiversity of tropical regions. Coral bleaching information, data of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and coast watch utility software collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an important way of monitoring and modelling of coral responses to SST. These data represent that the higher range of sea surface temperature and anomaly is responsible for the greater change of the coral bleaching area and hotspot. Within the narrow sea surface temperature change coral can respond significantly. This model finds southern pacific is most vulnerable and attractive sites for coral bleaching. Eastern tropical Pacific and Caribbean co...
Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to defore... more Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to deforestation, landslides, intensive agriculture, population pressure, and overgrazing, in particular, where various fluvial and denudation processes occur. It is important to assess the magnitude of problem and to understand the erosion process under normal conditions, so that effective measures can be implemented. Therefore, the study selected Kalsa watershed from the Lesser Himalayan region, where soil erosion is more prominent. Regarding this issue, to identify the hotspot of soil erosion of the basin, watershed prioritization methods using advanced geographical information system and remote sensing techniques integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a comparison has been made to evaluate the performance of these models. The study considered sixteen different morphometric parameters, including linear (Rho coefficient, stream frequency...
Climate change is continuously affecting the agriculture, ecosystem, species distribution as well... more Climate change is continuously affecting the agriculture, ecosystem, species distribution as well as global biodiversity. The assessment of the species potential distribution, land suitability, and the spatial changes under various climate change scenarios is a significant step towards the conservation planning and policy applications. Therefore, to understand the climate change impacts, the present study considers Garcinia gummi-gutta cash crop species as a case study, which are even exported, adding the nation’s foreign reserve. India maintains a global monopoly in this agricultural production. Also, the study aimed to predict the influence of current and future climate on an ecologically vulnerable medicinal cash crops species, Garcinia gummi-gutta, of the Western Ghats using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. The future projections were made for the period of 2050 and 2070 with RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenario of 4.5 and 8.5 using 84 species occurrence data, ...
Abstract Rapid urban proliferation is an indispensable and reciprocal issue in contemporary urban... more Abstract Rapid urban proliferation is an indispensable and reciprocal issue in contemporary urban planning and development. This study envisages the prediction-adaptation-resilience (PAR) approach to analyze the future urban landscape resilience and sustainable development goals (SDGs). We have selected a small, unplanned growing up city, namely, Krishnanagar urban agglomeration (KUA), in India, to apply the PAR approach. Therefore, land use land cover map has been prepared for 2000, 2010, and 2020. The result shows the built-up area has been increased most in past 20 years, from 6.36 km2 to 13.23 km2. Then, the cellular automata-Markov chain model is applied to predict the future potential urban development surface for 2030 and 2040. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows 83.6% success rate between the predicted and actual map of CA-Markov. The prediction map of 2030 and 2040 shows that the built-up area continuously expands (13.23 km2 to 16.52 km2) towards KUA's surrounding regions. Consequently, other decreasing land classes will be a threat to SDGs and urban resilience. So, people of KUA are adopting the changing hostile nature of urbanisation and urban vulnerability. Hence, this study will help the local administration to make a proper urban planning and adaptation strategies by maintaining good urban governance to achieve 8 SDGs of UN's 2030 Agenda in future.
Background: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), known as monkey fever was for the first time reported ... more Background: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), known as monkey fever was for the first time reported in 1957 from Shivamogga district of Karnataka. But since 2011, it is spreading to the neighbouring state of Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. The disease is transmitted to humans, monkeys and by the infected bite of ticks Haemaphysalis spinigera. It is known that deforestation and ecological changes are the main reasons for KFD emergence, but the bio-climatic understanding and emerging pathways remain unknown.Methods: The present study aims to understand the bio-climatic determinants of KFD tick distribution in southern India using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The analysis was done using 34 locations of Haemaphysalis spinigera occurrence and nineteen bio-climatic variables from WorldClim. Climatic variables’ contribution was assessed using the jackknife test and mean AUC 0.859 which indicated the model performs with very high accuracy.Results: Most influential variables affect...
Background Dengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbre... more Background Dengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbreaks of dengue occur in various parts of India as well but there is no tool to provide early warning. The current study was, therefore, undertaken to find out the link between El Niño, precipitation, and dengue cases, which could help in early preparedness for control of dengue.Methods Data on Oceanic Niño Index was extracted from CPC-IRI (USA) while the data on monthly rainfall was procured from India Meteorological Department. Data on annual dengue cases was taken from the website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between seasonal +ONI, ‘rainfall index’ and ‘dengue case index’ based on past 20 years state-level data. The ‘dengue case index’ representing ‘relative deviation from mean’ was correlated to the 3 months average Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). The computed r values of ‘dengue case index’ and ‘+ONI’ ...
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