Dariusz MISZEWSKI (born 1968), assistant professor, a historian, 1993. graduate from the University of Wrocław; 1999-2013. assistant professor in the Section of International Rela-tions, the Institute of Political Science of the University of Zielona Góra (1999‒2013); since 2016. assistant professor at the Faculty of National Security the War Studies University in Warsaw; 01.10.2017 – 30.09.2018. head of the Department of History of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Faculty of National Security; 01.10.2018 – 30.09.2019. head of the Department of Security Sciences of the Institute of Security Funda-mentals at the Faculty of National Security; since 2019. assistant professor at the Institute of Military History at the War Studies University of Warsaw; he is specialized in history of Central and Eastern Europe, Polish-Czechoslovak and Polish-Czech in the 20th and 21st cen-tury relations, national minorities in Central Europe and Polish political thought in the 20th century. habilitated doctor (2020). ORCID: 0000-0002-3821-8844
W czasie II wojny światowej obóz narodowy propagował ideę imperialną i koncepcję bloków państw na... more W czasie II wojny światowej obóz narodowy propagował ideę imperialną i koncepcję bloków państw narodowych na czele z Polską. Jako imperium Polska mogła przeciwstawić się skutecznie imperializmowi Niemiec i ZSRR. Idea federacyjna rządu narażała Polskę na agresję ze strony sąsiednich mocarstw i utratę jej historycznych ziem na rzecz sąsiednich narodów. Była zagrożeniem dla państwa narodowego. Prowadziła do jego osłabienia przez struktury ponadnarodowe. Na historycznych ziemiach Polski mogło istnieć tylko państwo polskie. W Europie Środkowej miał powstać antyniemiecki blok państw narodowych pod jej kierownictwem. Współpraca z ZSRR była możliwa pod warunkiem poszanowania niezależności Polski i jej granic.
The late 19th century saw a national awakening of the Belarusian people. During World War I, unde... more The late 19th century saw a national awakening of the Belarusian people. During World War I, under German occupation, the Catholic Belarusian national movement intended to create a sovereign Belarusian state (the Belarusian People;s Republic) or in union with Lithuania (a revived Grand Duchy of Lithuania). After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, Orthodox national activists wanted a sovereign Belarus within a federal and democratic Russia. The Belarusian People’s Republic, established in March 1918, was not recognized by any state. Poland, Lithuania and Soviet Russia intended to incorporate the Belarusian lands on an autonomous basis. As a result of the Riga Peace Treaty (1921), the Belarusian lands were divided between Poland and Soviet Russia.
Slezský Sborník : čtvrtletník pro vědy o společnosti, 2019
In the years 1918–1938, Czechoslovakia was a democratic country with constitutional rights for na... more In the years 1918–1938, Czechoslovakia was a democratic country with constitutional rights for national minorities. Polish and Jewish minority does not play a major political role on level of the state and country in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Under the patronage of the Consulate in Moravian Ostrava leaders of the Polish minority established with the Jewish minority electoral alliance in 1928 National Council in Brno and in 1929 Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate). In the parliamentary elections in 1929. Polish minority got 2 seats and in 1925. 1. The Jewish minority also 2 seats to the House of Deputies. Czech political elites was against to Polish-Jewish alliance. Due to the tense relations Polish-Czechoslovak since 1934, the Jewish minority does not established electoral coalition to parliament with the Poles on Zaolzie. V letech 1928–1929 polská a židovská menšina založily volební alianci pro volby do zemského zastupitelstva v Brně a do dvoukomorového parlamentu v Praze. Volby roku 1929 jim zajistily dvě místa v poslanecké sněmovně. Zástupci obou minorit se dostali do klubu Československé demokracie. V letech 1929–1935 byla spolupráce polské a židovské menšiny podporována polskou diplomacíí. V následujících volbách roku 1935 zástupci židovské komunity opustily volební alianci s Poláky v parlamentu v důsledku zhoršujících se vztahů mezi Československem a Polskem. Důvodem byly obavy z výhrůžek ekonomickým bojkotem a možným nařčením z neloajality vůči státu.
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne oraz kulturowe w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej (Contemporary regionalisms and political and cultural separatisms in Central and Eastern Europe), red. Dariusz MISZEWSKI, Grzegorz WNĘTRZAK, Franciszek DĄBROWSKI, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2021
In the mid-war period Polish authorities tended to assimilate the Belarusian minority with the me... more In the mid-war period Polish authorities tended to assimilate the Belarusian minority with the means of Catholic and Orthodox Churches and education system. The military and police were used by authorities to disintegrate the structures of Belarusian national movement, that sought independence and conducted the subversive activities in the Northern-Eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic. Belarusian separatism was inspired by Lithuania, Germany and Soviet Union. Compulsory national and state assimilation of Belarusians was facilitated by economic and social weakness of Belarusian minority in Poland.
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. nauk. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476 AD), Tyrol was ruled by Ostrogoths, then in 6... more After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476 AD), Tyrol was ruled by Ostrogoths, then in 6th century it was divided by Bavarians and Longobards. In the 11th century the entire Tyrol was subordintated to the Bavarian Duchy (part of the Holy Roman Empire). Since 14th century Tyrol was under the control of the Habsburg House. In 1804 Tyrol was a part of the Austrian Empire, and since 1867 Austrian-Hungarian Empire. In 1919 according to the peace treaty in St. Germain-en-Laye, Tyrol was ceded to Italy. Italian authorities started to italianise the over than 200 thousand strong German (Austrian) minority, and to settle the Italians in the Southern Tyrol. In 1939 Adolf Hitler made an agreement with Mussolini concerning compulsory resettlement of Germans from the Southern Tyrol to the Germany (with Austria, after Anschluss, being its part). The outbreak of the Second World War thwarted the implementation of this agreement. In 1945 Austria demanded from Italy the return of the Southern Tyrol, or launching of the referendum on its state subordination. Under the international pressure Italy in 1948 conceded the territorial autonomy to the Trentino – Alto Adige/Southern Tyrol (Südtirol) region (autonomic provinces Trentino and Bolzano). In 1972 and 2001 the subsequent augmentations of the decisive competencies were granted to the both of autonomic provinces. However, there are still two tendencies visible among the Southern Tyrol inhabitants: the autonomic one, and the separatist one, the latter demanding the self-determination rights or secession to Austria. Key words: Italy, Austria, South Tyrol, Trento, Bolzano
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response t... more Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response to the centralist policy and domination of the French language and culture, that were degrading the cultures of the non-French national minorities. At this time regionalism and separatism were limited to the regional identity revival of cultures and languages. Since the beginnings of 20th century the regional political parties started to emerge in Southern France – in French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoy and Nice. Some of them limited its activities to the political endeavors for the cultural or territorial autonomy in the proposed federal French state. The political and armed groups aiming at the independence or secession to the neighbouring country also appeared. Key words: France, French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoie, Nice, regionalism, separatism
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. nauk. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response t... more Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response to the centralist policy and domination of the French language and culture, that were degrading the cultures of the non-French national minorities. At this time regionalism and separatism were limited to the regional identity revival of cultures and languages. Since the beginnings of 20th century the regional political parties started to emerge in Northern France – in Alsace and Lorraine, French Flanders and Normandy. Some of them limited its activities to the political endeavors for the cultural or territorial autonomy in the proposed federal French state. The political and armed groups aiming at the independence also appeared. Key words: France, Alsace, Moselle, Brittany, French Flanders, Normandy, regionalism, separatism
In 1939-40, in the agreements imposed by the Soviet Union by force on Estonia, Lithuania and Latv... more In 1939-40, in the agreements imposed by the Soviet Union by force on Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, these nations were forced to withdraw from the Baltic Entente, and in the agreements of 1940 and 1944, it forbade Finland from joining the Scandinavian states. It also rejected the right of "small states"-Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as Yugoslavia and Greece (1942)-to join plans for regional integration supported by Great Britain. It should be recalled that in the interwar period, the Soviet Union had opposed Aristide Briand's plan (1929) for a united Europe, which Soviet propaganda called "the holy capitalist alliance".
Prime Minister General Władysław Sikorski pursued a policy of PolishJewish international coopera... more Prime Minister General Władysław Sikorski pursued a policy of PolishJewish international cooperation during The Second World War. Both nations
was expected to be closer because of suffering under German occupation and
current affairs against German. Polish government constantly informed
the Western powers about German crimes against the Jews in occupied Poland.
In the United States, Britain and Palestine polish prime minister has promised
giving equal rights for the Jewish minority. He supported establishing
the Jewish state on peace conference. Declared help in voluntary emigration
from Poland to Palestine, in exchange for their support of polish matters against
Germany. General Sikorski expected support of international Jewish organizations for polish matter against Germany. Occupied country critically respond
to the Prime Minister's promises of equality of Jews and Polish citizens.
Polish underground political groups condemned extermination of the Jews
by the Germans. Most of them with exception of left and left-central wing
wanted their emigration after the war. Tragedy of Polish and Jewish nation
under German occupation does not caused that nations become closer.
„Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Політологія” ("The Herald of Taras Shevchenko national university of Kyiv") , 2017
In 2002 Zeman ceased to be prime minister. In 2003 he lost the presidential election to Klaus and... more In 2002 Zeman ceased to be prime minister. In 2003 he lost the presidential election to Klaus and withdrew from active politics. In 2007 after the conflict with the then leadership of the Czech Social Democratic Party he made secession with his followers. He spent time fishing in a small town where he lived (Nové Veselí). Even then he was visited by Russian ambassador to the Czech Republic Sergei Kisielew.
THE IMPERIAL IDEA OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE NATION TOWARDS THE FEDERAL CONCEPTION OF THE GOVERN... more THE IMPERIAL IDEA OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE NATION TOWARDS THE FEDERAL CONCEPTION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF GEN. WŁADYSŁAW SIKORSKI The Confederation of the Nation spread the idea of Polish imperialism at the terrain of Middle Europe to eliminate the influence of Germany and USSR. The main terrain of its military and political activities was the eastern lands of the Polish Republic. Poland was supposed to create a Slavic Empire at the Baltic-Black Sea Intermarium by making the Polish western border on the Oder river and the Lusatian Neisse and appointing a Lusatian country, by occupying the Belarusian lands and creating a union with Ukraine in the east, by associating with the Baltic countries in the north and by unions with Bohemia and Slovakia in the south. Together with Great Yugoslavia (union with Bułgaria and Albania) a Middle Europe block would have been formed. Germans and Jews would have been exiled from "the new Poland" and the Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities wou...
Przegląd Narodowościowy - Reviev of Nationalities, 2013
An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the... more An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the Duchy of Cieszyn since the second half of the nineteenth century to the end of the First World War. Conducted a large-scale policy designed to promote other non-Polish nationality. The Poles did not surrender and actively sought to maintain their national identity in the area.
W czasie II wojny światowej obóz narodowy propagował ideę imperialną i koncepcję bloków państw na... more W czasie II wojny światowej obóz narodowy propagował ideę imperialną i koncepcję bloków państw narodowych na czele z Polską. Jako imperium Polska mogła przeciwstawić się skutecznie imperializmowi Niemiec i ZSRR. Idea federacyjna rządu narażała Polskę na agresję ze strony sąsiednich mocarstw i utratę jej historycznych ziem na rzecz sąsiednich narodów. Była zagrożeniem dla państwa narodowego. Prowadziła do jego osłabienia przez struktury ponadnarodowe. Na historycznych ziemiach Polski mogło istnieć tylko państwo polskie. W Europie Środkowej miał powstać antyniemiecki blok państw narodowych pod jej kierownictwem. Współpraca z ZSRR była możliwa pod warunkiem poszanowania niezależności Polski i jej granic.
The late 19th century saw a national awakening of the Belarusian people. During World War I, unde... more The late 19th century saw a national awakening of the Belarusian people. During World War I, under German occupation, the Catholic Belarusian national movement intended to create a sovereign Belarusian state (the Belarusian People;s Republic) or in union with Lithuania (a revived Grand Duchy of Lithuania). After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, Orthodox national activists wanted a sovereign Belarus within a federal and democratic Russia. The Belarusian People’s Republic, established in March 1918, was not recognized by any state. Poland, Lithuania and Soviet Russia intended to incorporate the Belarusian lands on an autonomous basis. As a result of the Riga Peace Treaty (1921), the Belarusian lands were divided between Poland and Soviet Russia.
Slezský Sborník : čtvrtletník pro vědy o společnosti, 2019
In the years 1918–1938, Czechoslovakia was a democratic country with constitutional rights for na... more In the years 1918–1938, Czechoslovakia was a democratic country with constitutional rights for national minorities. Polish and Jewish minority does not play a major political role on level of the state and country in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Under the patronage of the Consulate in Moravian Ostrava leaders of the Polish minority established with the Jewish minority electoral alliance in 1928 National Council in Brno and in 1929 Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate). In the parliamentary elections in 1929. Polish minority got 2 seats and in 1925. 1. The Jewish minority also 2 seats to the House of Deputies. Czech political elites was against to Polish-Jewish alliance. Due to the tense relations Polish-Czechoslovak since 1934, the Jewish minority does not established electoral coalition to parliament with the Poles on Zaolzie. V letech 1928–1929 polská a židovská menšina založily volební alianci pro volby do zemského zastupitelstva v Brně a do dvoukomorového parlamentu v Praze. Volby roku 1929 jim zajistily dvě místa v poslanecké sněmovně. Zástupci obou minorit se dostali do klubu Československé demokracie. V letech 1929–1935 byla spolupráce polské a židovské menšiny podporována polskou diplomacíí. V následujících volbách roku 1935 zástupci židovské komunity opustily volební alianci s Poláky v parlamentu v důsledku zhoršujících se vztahů mezi Československem a Polskem. Důvodem byly obavy z výhrůžek ekonomickým bojkotem a možným nařčením z neloajality vůči státu.
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne oraz kulturowe w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej (Contemporary regionalisms and political and cultural separatisms in Central and Eastern Europe), red. Dariusz MISZEWSKI, Grzegorz WNĘTRZAK, Franciszek DĄBROWSKI, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2021
In the mid-war period Polish authorities tended to assimilate the Belarusian minority with the me... more In the mid-war period Polish authorities tended to assimilate the Belarusian minority with the means of Catholic and Orthodox Churches and education system. The military and police were used by authorities to disintegrate the structures of Belarusian national movement, that sought independence and conducted the subversive activities in the Northern-Eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic. Belarusian separatism was inspired by Lithuania, Germany and Soviet Union. Compulsory national and state assimilation of Belarusians was facilitated by economic and social weakness of Belarusian minority in Poland.
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. nauk. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476 AD), Tyrol was ruled by Ostrogoths, then in 6... more After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476 AD), Tyrol was ruled by Ostrogoths, then in 6th century it was divided by Bavarians and Longobards. In the 11th century the entire Tyrol was subordintated to the Bavarian Duchy (part of the Holy Roman Empire). Since 14th century Tyrol was under the control of the Habsburg House. In 1804 Tyrol was a part of the Austrian Empire, and since 1867 Austrian-Hungarian Empire. In 1919 according to the peace treaty in St. Germain-en-Laye, Tyrol was ceded to Italy. Italian authorities started to italianise the over than 200 thousand strong German (Austrian) minority, and to settle the Italians in the Southern Tyrol. In 1939 Adolf Hitler made an agreement with Mussolini concerning compulsory resettlement of Germans from the Southern Tyrol to the Germany (with Austria, after Anschluss, being its part). The outbreak of the Second World War thwarted the implementation of this agreement. In 1945 Austria demanded from Italy the return of the Southern Tyrol, or launching of the referendum on its state subordination. Under the international pressure Italy in 1948 conceded the territorial autonomy to the Trentino – Alto Adige/Southern Tyrol (Südtirol) region (autonomic provinces Trentino and Bolzano). In 1972 and 2001 the subsequent augmentations of the decisive competencies were granted to the both of autonomic provinces. However, there are still two tendencies visible among the Southern Tyrol inhabitants: the autonomic one, and the separatist one, the latter demanding the self-determination rights or secession to Austria. Key words: Italy, Austria, South Tyrol, Trento, Bolzano
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response t... more Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response to the centralist policy and domination of the French language and culture, that were degrading the cultures of the non-French national minorities. At this time regionalism and separatism were limited to the regional identity revival of cultures and languages. Since the beginnings of 20th century the regional political parties started to emerge in Southern France – in French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoy and Nice. Some of them limited its activities to the political endeavors for the cultural or territorial autonomy in the proposed federal French state. The political and armed groups aiming at the independence or secession to the neighbouring country also appeared. Key words: France, French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoie, Nice, regionalism, separatism
Współczesne regionalizmy i separatyzmy polityczne i kulturowe w Europie Zachodniej (The Contemporary Political and Cultural Regionalisms and Separatisms in Western Europe), red. nauk. Dariusz Miszewski, Grzegorz Wnętrzak, Franciszek Dąbrowski, Paweł Więckowski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, 2022
Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response t... more Regionalist and separatist movements have developed in France over the 19th century in response to the centralist policy and domination of the French language and culture, that were degrading the cultures of the non-French national minorities. At this time regionalism and separatism were limited to the regional identity revival of cultures and languages. Since the beginnings of 20th century the regional political parties started to emerge in Northern France – in Alsace and Lorraine, French Flanders and Normandy. Some of them limited its activities to the political endeavors for the cultural or territorial autonomy in the proposed federal French state. The political and armed groups aiming at the independence also appeared. Key words: France, Alsace, Moselle, Brittany, French Flanders, Normandy, regionalism, separatism
In 1939-40, in the agreements imposed by the Soviet Union by force on Estonia, Lithuania and Latv... more In 1939-40, in the agreements imposed by the Soviet Union by force on Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, these nations were forced to withdraw from the Baltic Entente, and in the agreements of 1940 and 1944, it forbade Finland from joining the Scandinavian states. It also rejected the right of "small states"-Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as Yugoslavia and Greece (1942)-to join plans for regional integration supported by Great Britain. It should be recalled that in the interwar period, the Soviet Union had opposed Aristide Briand's plan (1929) for a united Europe, which Soviet propaganda called "the holy capitalist alliance".
Prime Minister General Władysław Sikorski pursued a policy of PolishJewish international coopera... more Prime Minister General Władysław Sikorski pursued a policy of PolishJewish international cooperation during The Second World War. Both nations
was expected to be closer because of suffering under German occupation and
current affairs against German. Polish government constantly informed
the Western powers about German crimes against the Jews in occupied Poland.
In the United States, Britain and Palestine polish prime minister has promised
giving equal rights for the Jewish minority. He supported establishing
the Jewish state on peace conference. Declared help in voluntary emigration
from Poland to Palestine, in exchange for their support of polish matters against
Germany. General Sikorski expected support of international Jewish organizations for polish matter against Germany. Occupied country critically respond
to the Prime Minister's promises of equality of Jews and Polish citizens.
Polish underground political groups condemned extermination of the Jews
by the Germans. Most of them with exception of left and left-central wing
wanted their emigration after the war. Tragedy of Polish and Jewish nation
under German occupation does not caused that nations become closer.
„Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Політологія” ("The Herald of Taras Shevchenko national university of Kyiv") , 2017
In 2002 Zeman ceased to be prime minister. In 2003 he lost the presidential election to Klaus and... more In 2002 Zeman ceased to be prime minister. In 2003 he lost the presidential election to Klaus and withdrew from active politics. In 2007 after the conflict with the then leadership of the Czech Social Democratic Party he made secession with his followers. He spent time fishing in a small town where he lived (Nové Veselí). Even then he was visited by Russian ambassador to the Czech Republic Sergei Kisielew.
THE IMPERIAL IDEA OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE NATION TOWARDS THE FEDERAL CONCEPTION OF THE GOVERN... more THE IMPERIAL IDEA OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE NATION TOWARDS THE FEDERAL CONCEPTION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF GEN. WŁADYSŁAW SIKORSKI The Confederation of the Nation spread the idea of Polish imperialism at the terrain of Middle Europe to eliminate the influence of Germany and USSR. The main terrain of its military and political activities was the eastern lands of the Polish Republic. Poland was supposed to create a Slavic Empire at the Baltic-Black Sea Intermarium by making the Polish western border on the Oder river and the Lusatian Neisse and appointing a Lusatian country, by occupying the Belarusian lands and creating a union with Ukraine in the east, by associating with the Baltic countries in the north and by unions with Bohemia and Slovakia in the south. Together with Great Yugoslavia (union with Bułgaria and Albania) a Middle Europe block would have been formed. Germans and Jews would have been exiled from "the new Poland" and the Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities wou...
Przegląd Narodowościowy - Reviev of Nationalities, 2013
An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the... more An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the Duchy of Cieszyn since the second half of the nineteenth century to the end of the First World War. Conducted a large-scale policy designed to promote other non-Polish nationality. The Poles did not surrender and actively sought to maintain their national identity in the area.
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Papers by Dariusz Miszewski
Key words: Italy, Austria, South Tyrol, Trento, Bolzano
Key words: France, French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoie, Nice, regionalism, separatism
Key words: France, Alsace, Moselle, Brittany, French Flanders, Normandy, regionalism, separatism
was expected to be closer because of suffering under German occupation and
current affairs against German. Polish government constantly informed
the Western powers about German crimes against the Jews in occupied Poland.
In the United States, Britain and Palestine polish prime minister has promised
giving equal rights for the Jewish minority. He supported establishing
the Jewish state on peace conference. Declared help in voluntary emigration
from Poland to Palestine, in exchange for their support of polish matters against
Germany. General Sikorski expected support of international Jewish organizations for polish matter against Germany. Occupied country critically respond
to the Prime Minister's promises of equality of Jews and Polish citizens.
Polish underground political groups condemned extermination of the Jews
by the Germans. Most of them with exception of left and left-central wing
wanted their emigration after the war. Tragedy of Polish and Jewish nation
under German occupation does not caused that nations become closer.
Key words: Italy, Austria, South Tyrol, Trento, Bolzano
Key words: France, French Basque Country, French Catalonia, Corsica, Occitania, Savoie, Nice, regionalism, separatism
Key words: France, Alsace, Moselle, Brittany, French Flanders, Normandy, regionalism, separatism
was expected to be closer because of suffering under German occupation and
current affairs against German. Polish government constantly informed
the Western powers about German crimes against the Jews in occupied Poland.
In the United States, Britain and Palestine polish prime minister has promised
giving equal rights for the Jewish minority. He supported establishing
the Jewish state on peace conference. Declared help in voluntary emigration
from Poland to Palestine, in exchange for their support of polish matters against
Germany. General Sikorski expected support of international Jewish organizations for polish matter against Germany. Occupied country critically respond
to the Prime Minister's promises of equality of Jews and Polish citizens.
Polish underground political groups condemned extermination of the Jews
by the Germans. Most of them with exception of left and left-central wing
wanted their emigration after the war. Tragedy of Polish and Jewish nation
under German occupation does not caused that nations become closer.