This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, using Egyptian firm level data, it a... more This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, using Egyptian firm level data, it attempts to examine how export market concentration is affected by trade. Indeed, the number of firms should decrease after trade openness as the least productive firms exit from the markets as they could not afford the fixed cost of exporting. Hence, the market should be concentrated around the most productive firms (self-selection effect). Yet, if the number of destinations (extensive margin) served by the surviving firms’ increases across time this may reflect a "learning by export" effect rather than a self-selection one. Second, we try to analyze how firms adjust their product scope following periods of trade openness. Using firm level data, we found that the market size exerts a positive and significant impact on the concentration index showing that tougher competition in an export market induces a firm to skew its export sales towards its best performing products. JEL cla...
Background The role of bacterial pathogens in exacerbations of bronchial asthma is unclear as tha... more Background The role of bacterial pathogens in exacerbations of bronchial asthma is unclear as that of viral infections. Aim To identify sputum bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with bronchial asthma exacerbation. Patients and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with acute bronchial asthma exacerbation. Spirometeric pulmonary function tests, total and differential leukocyte count, sputum Gram stain, culture, and sensitivities were done for all patients. Results Of the studied patients, 50% have growth of normal flora, 12% have fungal growth, and 38% have bacterial growth (63.6 and 36.4% of them have Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively). The most predominant bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.8%) and Streptococcal pneumoniae (18.2%), while Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Enterobacter aerogenes are equally distributed (9.1%). There was a significant decrease of vital capacity %, forced vital capacity %, and forced expiratory volume in the 1 s % in bronchial asthma with Gram-negative bacteria compared with those with Gram-positive bacteria. The total and differential leukocytic counts nonsignificantly differed between both subgroups. Among the studied patients with bacterial growth, Amikacin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline were the most common sensitive antibiotics (100%), followed by Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gentamicin (95.5%). On the other hand, Benzylpenicillin and Oxacillin were the most common resistant antibiotics (100%), followed by Ampicillin (92.3%). Conclusion Bacterial organisms were responsible for only about one-third of bronchial asthma exacerbation, with predominance of Gram-negative organisms. Amikacin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gentamicin were the most common sensitive antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin and Ampicillin were the most common resistant antibiotics.
The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life durin... more The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life during the year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary causative agent of the newly emerged pandemic. Natural flavonoids, Terpenoid and Thymoquinone are tested against different viral and host-cell protein targets. These natural compounds have a good history in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Molecular docking combined with cytotoxicity and plaque reduction assay is used to test the natural compounds against different viral (Spike, RdRp, and Mpro) and host-cell (TMPRSS II, keap 1, and ACE2) targets. The results demonstrate the binding possibility of the natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) to the viral main protease (Mpro). Some of these natural compounds were approved to start clinical trail from Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine ECRRM IRB (Certificate No.IRB00012517)
Abstract Condensation of 3-formylchromone and 4-hydroxycoumarin gave a novel 3-[(chromon-3-yl)met... more Abstract Condensation of 3-formylchromone and 4-hydroxycoumarin gave a novel 3-[(chromon-3-yl)methylidene]-2H-chromene-2,4(3H)-dione (3). The reactivity of the electrophilic centers within the synthesized substrate 3 was examined toward a variety of nucleophiles. Reaction of compound 3 with a diversity of primary amines yielded enaminones. Treatment of compound 3 with malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate produced pyran derivatives. Condensation of compound 3 with hydrazine hydrate afforded chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole 13. Boiling compound 3 with cyanoacetohydrazide in DMF gave pyrazole derivative 12, while in boiling acetic acid gave pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 15. Ttreating compound 3 with phenylhydrazine and hydroxylamine hydrochloride furnished pyrazole 16 and isoxazole 17, respectively. Reaction of compound 3 with guanidine and cyanoguanidine gave pyrimidine derivatives 18 and 19. Reacting compound 3 with ethylenediamine in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio furnished diazepine 20 and chromeno[4,3-e][1,4]diazepine 21. Finally, condensing compound 3 with o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol gave benzodiazepine 22, benzoxazepine 23, and benzothiazepine 24, respectively Graphical Abstract
Background: Despite extensive research in leukemia, intracellular events leading to prolongation ... more Background: Despite extensive research in leukemia, intracellular events leading to prolongation of cell cycle and resistance to pro-apoptotic factors are still not clearly defined. In recent years, the search for such events led to focusing on an anti-apoptotic factor, PIM-2 (Proviral integration of Moloney virus-2). The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of PIM2 gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and to correlate the results with clinical and laboratory findings of the patients as well as their response to the treatment. Methods: 80 patients with AML and control group were enrolled in the present study. QRT-PCR was used to study PIM2 gene expression. Results: The mean expression level of PIM2 gene was significantly higher in AML patients (3.5941±7.7736) compared with the control group (0.5303±0.4014) (P=0.034). Its expression level was not different in terms of achieving remission...
Crime records management is a system that helps police keep records of citizens’ complaints files... more Crime records management is a system that helps police keep records of citizens’ complaints files, investigation evidence and processes. In addition, it helps police keep records of the criminals who have been arrested or who are to be arrested. This paper aims to model the Crime Record Management System (CRMS) using various Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, to demonstrate an explicit visualization of the system. Also, showing the communication among different actors, and the sequence of activities and interactions. The perspective of modeling the CRMS is by covering four stages, which are Counter (Station Diary Constable), Crime Investigation, Prosecution, and Adjudication. It is concluded that applying UML diagrams facilitates understanding and perceiving the processes of recording crime files, as it illustrates detailed activities and interactions.
Renewable energy attracts many researchers as the non-renewable one has negative environmental im... more Renewable energy attracts many researchers as the non-renewable one has negative environmental impacts and limited availability. One of the main types of renewable energy is the blue energy where electricity is generated by water waves using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Thin films play an important role in the performance and therefore the efficiency of TENGs as they represent the electrodes between which electrons move producing electricity. In order to increase the generated electricity from TENGs, the properties of these electrodes should be modified. Therefore, in this paper, nano- and micro-size thin films are fabricated and characterized by measuring the geometrical parameters and electrical properties. Thin films are fabricated using aluminum with thicknesses 0.5 μm and 1.5 μm on acrylic substrate and 0.5 μm copper film on different types of dielectric materials including PVC and polystyrene. Atomic force microscopy is used to measure the geometrical parameters of th...
This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, using Egyptian firm level data, it a... more This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, using Egyptian firm level data, it attempts to examine how export market concentration is affected by trade. Indeed, the number of firms should decrease after trade openness as the least productive firms exit from the markets as they could not afford the fixed cost of exporting. Hence, the market should be concentrated around the most productive firms (self-selection effect). Yet, if the number of destinations (extensive margin) served by the surviving firms’ increases across time this may reflect a "learning by export" effect rather than a self-selection one. Second, we try to analyze how firms adjust their product scope following periods of trade openness. Using firm level data, we found that the market size exerts a positive and significant impact on the concentration index showing that tougher competition in an export market induces a firm to skew its export sales towards its best performing products. JEL cla...
Background The role of bacterial pathogens in exacerbations of bronchial asthma is unclear as tha... more Background The role of bacterial pathogens in exacerbations of bronchial asthma is unclear as that of viral infections. Aim To identify sputum bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with bronchial asthma exacerbation. Patients and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with acute bronchial asthma exacerbation. Spirometeric pulmonary function tests, total and differential leukocyte count, sputum Gram stain, culture, and sensitivities were done for all patients. Results Of the studied patients, 50% have growth of normal flora, 12% have fungal growth, and 38% have bacterial growth (63.6 and 36.4% of them have Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively). The most predominant bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.8%) and Streptococcal pneumoniae (18.2%), while Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Enterobacter aerogenes are equally distributed (9.1%). There was a significant decrease of vital capacity %, forced vital capacity %, and forced expiratory volume in the 1 s % in bronchial asthma with Gram-negative bacteria compared with those with Gram-positive bacteria. The total and differential leukocytic counts nonsignificantly differed between both subgroups. Among the studied patients with bacterial growth, Amikacin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline were the most common sensitive antibiotics (100%), followed by Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gentamicin (95.5%). On the other hand, Benzylpenicillin and Oxacillin were the most common resistant antibiotics (100%), followed by Ampicillin (92.3%). Conclusion Bacterial organisms were responsible for only about one-third of bronchial asthma exacerbation, with predominance of Gram-negative organisms. Amikacin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gentamicin were the most common sensitive antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin and Ampicillin were the most common resistant antibiotics.
The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life durin... more The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life during the year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary causative agent of the newly emerged pandemic. Natural flavonoids, Terpenoid and Thymoquinone are tested against different viral and host-cell protein targets. These natural compounds have a good history in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Molecular docking combined with cytotoxicity and plaque reduction assay is used to test the natural compounds against different viral (Spike, RdRp, and Mpro) and host-cell (TMPRSS II, keap 1, and ACE2) targets. The results demonstrate the binding possibility of the natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) to the viral main protease (Mpro). Some of these natural compounds were approved to start clinical trail from Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine ECRRM IRB (Certificate No.IRB00012517)
Abstract Condensation of 3-formylchromone and 4-hydroxycoumarin gave a novel 3-[(chromon-3-yl)met... more Abstract Condensation of 3-formylchromone and 4-hydroxycoumarin gave a novel 3-[(chromon-3-yl)methylidene]-2H-chromene-2,4(3H)-dione (3). The reactivity of the electrophilic centers within the synthesized substrate 3 was examined toward a variety of nucleophiles. Reaction of compound 3 with a diversity of primary amines yielded enaminones. Treatment of compound 3 with malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate produced pyran derivatives. Condensation of compound 3 with hydrazine hydrate afforded chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole 13. Boiling compound 3 with cyanoacetohydrazide in DMF gave pyrazole derivative 12, while in boiling acetic acid gave pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 15. Ttreating compound 3 with phenylhydrazine and hydroxylamine hydrochloride furnished pyrazole 16 and isoxazole 17, respectively. Reaction of compound 3 with guanidine and cyanoguanidine gave pyrimidine derivatives 18 and 19. Reacting compound 3 with ethylenediamine in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio furnished diazepine 20 and chromeno[4,3-e][1,4]diazepine 21. Finally, condensing compound 3 with o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol gave benzodiazepine 22, benzoxazepine 23, and benzothiazepine 24, respectively Graphical Abstract
Background: Despite extensive research in leukemia, intracellular events leading to prolongation ... more Background: Despite extensive research in leukemia, intracellular events leading to prolongation of cell cycle and resistance to pro-apoptotic factors are still not clearly defined. In recent years, the search for such events led to focusing on an anti-apoptotic factor, PIM-2 (Proviral integration of Moloney virus-2). The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of PIM2 gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and to correlate the results with clinical and laboratory findings of the patients as well as their response to the treatment. Methods: 80 patients with AML and control group were enrolled in the present study. QRT-PCR was used to study PIM2 gene expression. Results: The mean expression level of PIM2 gene was significantly higher in AML patients (3.5941±7.7736) compared with the control group (0.5303±0.4014) (P=0.034). Its expression level was not different in terms of achieving remission...
Crime records management is a system that helps police keep records of citizens’ complaints files... more Crime records management is a system that helps police keep records of citizens’ complaints files, investigation evidence and processes. In addition, it helps police keep records of the criminals who have been arrested or who are to be arrested. This paper aims to model the Crime Record Management System (CRMS) using various Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, to demonstrate an explicit visualization of the system. Also, showing the communication among different actors, and the sequence of activities and interactions. The perspective of modeling the CRMS is by covering four stages, which are Counter (Station Diary Constable), Crime Investigation, Prosecution, and Adjudication. It is concluded that applying UML diagrams facilitates understanding and perceiving the processes of recording crime files, as it illustrates detailed activities and interactions.
Renewable energy attracts many researchers as the non-renewable one has negative environmental im... more Renewable energy attracts many researchers as the non-renewable one has negative environmental impacts and limited availability. One of the main types of renewable energy is the blue energy where electricity is generated by water waves using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Thin films play an important role in the performance and therefore the efficiency of TENGs as they represent the electrodes between which electrons move producing electricity. In order to increase the generated electricity from TENGs, the properties of these electrodes should be modified. Therefore, in this paper, nano- and micro-size thin films are fabricated and characterized by measuring the geometrical parameters and electrical properties. Thin films are fabricated using aluminum with thicknesses 0.5 μm and 1.5 μm on acrylic substrate and 0.5 μm copper film on different types of dielectric materials including PVC and polystyrene. Atomic force microscopy is used to measure the geometrical parameters of th...
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Papers by Aya Ahmed