A major revamping of the agricultural research system is required to enable it to better develop ... more A major revamping of the agricultural research system is required to enable it to better develop location-specific technologies, to upgrade the extension system, to become more accountable to farmers, and to set right priorities for research by placing due emphasis on biotechnologies. Greater flexibility in management and resource augmentation is also required. Investments in public irrigation, which have been declining need to be raised. But these must be combined with a drastic institutional reform in the canal irrigation system, ranging from financial autonomy of irrigation departments to making farmers co-managers and co-owners of these systems and adopting the most innovative agricultural practices. In-the case of groundwater, volumetric pricing of electricity is almost a necessity if this scarce resource is to be efficiently utilized and groundwater depletion reduced. In the case of fertilizers, policies geared toward wider distribution would bring better results. Subsidies ne...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a common kitchen spice that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. ... more Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a common kitchen spice that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is rich in phytochemistry that is promoting health benefits. It is used as a home remedy to support the common cold, headaches, and pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, antiulcer, and anti-cancer, antiplatelet, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering activities. Gingerols are key ingredients found in ginger that convert into zingerone, shogaol, and parasols, giving flavor and odor. Zingerone and shogaol are present in limited quantities in fresh ginger and more in dried or extracted goods. Especially 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol are pharmacological properties that are effective in antipyretic, analgesic, and hypotensive. The present review is about different therapeutic properties of ginger, including antioxidant properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-cancer properties etc. Mini-review Article Kausar et al.; JPRI, 33(29B): 9-16, 2021; Article no.JPRI...
Gluten is common term refered to proteins found in wheat and related grains which is responsible ... more Gluten is common term refered to proteins found in wheat and related grains which is responsible for elasticity of dough and chewy texture of final product. But gluten causes problems to patients suffering from celiac diseases hence gluten free diet is the only existing treatment for celiac disease today. This study was conducted with an objective to create a dough system composed of pearl millet and flaxseed proteins that would be able to reproduce the same rheological and textural properties as wheat gluten in cookie making. A dough mixture comprising of pearl millet and flaxseed were used to prepare gluten free cookies. Psyllium husk was used to provide gelling property to the gluten free dough. Different dough samples with varying concentrations of flaxseed flour (i.e. 15g, 17g, 20g, and 22.5g) were prepared and thus optimized by rheological testing of dough samples. The cookies formulated from different dough samples with varying flaxseed concentrations were tested for rheologi...
Pashmina goat ( Capra hircus ) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the... more Pashmina goat ( Capra hircus ) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the cold arid desert of the Ladakh region (India), and produces a princely animal fiber called Pashmina . The Pashmina goat has a double coat fleece as an adaptation to the very harsh cold winters the outer long coarse hair (guard hair) produced from primary hair follicles and the inner fine Pashmina fiber produced from secondary hair follicles. Pashmina fiber undergoes a circannual and synchronized growth cycle. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles from 10 different Pashmina goats during anagen and telogen to delineate genes and signaling pathways regulating active (anagen) and regressive (telogen) phases of the follicle growth. During anagen, 150 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels with log (FC) > 2 and p adj < 0.05. The RNA seq results were subjected to qRT-PCR validation. Among the nine genes selected, the expression of HAS1 , TRIB2 , P2RX1 . P...
Deep RNA sequencing experiment was employed to detect putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (S... more Deep RNA sequencing experiment was employed to detect putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in mammary epithelial cells between two diverse cattle breeds (Jersey and Kashmiri) to understand the variations in the coding regions that reflect differences in milk production traits. The low milk-producing Kashmiri cattle are being replaced by crossbreeding practices with Jersey cattle with the aim of improving milk production. However, crossbred animals are prone to infections and various other diseases resulting in unsustainable milk production. In this study, we tend to identify high-impact SNPs from Jersey and Kashmiri cows (utilizing RNA-Seq data) to delineate key pathways mediating milk production traits in both breeds. A total of 607 (442 SNPs and 169 INDELs) and 684 (464 SNPs and 220 INDELs) high-impact variants were found specific to Jersey and Kashmir cattle, respectively. Based on our results, we conclude that in Jersey cattle, genes with high-impact SNPs were enriched...
Health and Safety Aspects of Food Processing Technologies
Due to the increasing population day by day, the food security is the most global concern in orde... more Due to the increasing population day by day, the food security is the most global concern in order to fulfil the food demand for both developed and developing nations across the world. In developing countries, cereal grains are the staple food and nearly 70% of the population depends upon agriculture. In India the most challenging issue is the storage of these cereal grains. A number of insect pests deteriorate stored grains. Insect and pest infestations are major contributor to quality deterioration of stored food stuff such as cereals grains, pulses, and oil seeds. Tropical climate of India provides favourable condition for the continuous growth of insect/pests throughout the year. During storage, pests infest the grains and therefore, fulfil their food and shelter requirements by causing qualitative as well as quantitative losses of stored products. These insect pests impose the damage on stored products by direct feeding and affect the farmers because their infested grain may have a significant effect on the value of marketing, consumption, or planting. This chapter provides an overview of different types of stored grains and their infestation by major pests, and also describes various techniques for prevention of these infestations.
A major revamping of the agricultural research system is required to enable it to better develop ... more A major revamping of the agricultural research system is required to enable it to better develop location-specific technologies, to upgrade the extension system, to become more accountable to farmers, and to set right priorities for research by placing due emphasis on biotechnologies. Greater flexibility in management and resource augmentation is also required. Investments in public irrigation, which have been declining need to be raised. But these must be combined with a drastic institutional reform in the canal irrigation system, ranging from financial autonomy of irrigation departments to making farmers co-managers and co-owners of these systems and adopting the most innovative agricultural practices. In-the case of groundwater, volumetric pricing of electricity is almost a necessity if this scarce resource is to be efficiently utilized and groundwater depletion reduced. In the case of fertilizers, policies geared toward wider distribution would bring better results. Subsidies ne...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a common kitchen spice that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. ... more Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a common kitchen spice that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is rich in phytochemistry that is promoting health benefits. It is used as a home remedy to support the common cold, headaches, and pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, antiulcer, and anti-cancer, antiplatelet, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering activities. Gingerols are key ingredients found in ginger that convert into zingerone, shogaol, and parasols, giving flavor and odor. Zingerone and shogaol are present in limited quantities in fresh ginger and more in dried or extracted goods. Especially 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol are pharmacological properties that are effective in antipyretic, analgesic, and hypotensive. The present review is about different therapeutic properties of ginger, including antioxidant properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-cancer properties etc. Mini-review Article Kausar et al.; JPRI, 33(29B): 9-16, 2021; Article no.JPRI...
Gluten is common term refered to proteins found in wheat and related grains which is responsible ... more Gluten is common term refered to proteins found in wheat and related grains which is responsible for elasticity of dough and chewy texture of final product. But gluten causes problems to patients suffering from celiac diseases hence gluten free diet is the only existing treatment for celiac disease today. This study was conducted with an objective to create a dough system composed of pearl millet and flaxseed proteins that would be able to reproduce the same rheological and textural properties as wheat gluten in cookie making. A dough mixture comprising of pearl millet and flaxseed were used to prepare gluten free cookies. Psyllium husk was used to provide gelling property to the gluten free dough. Different dough samples with varying concentrations of flaxseed flour (i.e. 15g, 17g, 20g, and 22.5g) were prepared and thus optimized by rheological testing of dough samples. The cookies formulated from different dough samples with varying flaxseed concentrations were tested for rheologi...
Pashmina goat ( Capra hircus ) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the... more Pashmina goat ( Capra hircus ) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the cold arid desert of the Ladakh region (India), and produces a princely animal fiber called Pashmina . The Pashmina goat has a double coat fleece as an adaptation to the very harsh cold winters the outer long coarse hair (guard hair) produced from primary hair follicles and the inner fine Pashmina fiber produced from secondary hair follicles. Pashmina fiber undergoes a circannual and synchronized growth cycle. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles from 10 different Pashmina goats during anagen and telogen to delineate genes and signaling pathways regulating active (anagen) and regressive (telogen) phases of the follicle growth. During anagen, 150 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels with log (FC) > 2 and p adj < 0.05. The RNA seq results were subjected to qRT-PCR validation. Among the nine genes selected, the expression of HAS1 , TRIB2 , P2RX1 . P...
Deep RNA sequencing experiment was employed to detect putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (S... more Deep RNA sequencing experiment was employed to detect putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in mammary epithelial cells between two diverse cattle breeds (Jersey and Kashmiri) to understand the variations in the coding regions that reflect differences in milk production traits. The low milk-producing Kashmiri cattle are being replaced by crossbreeding practices with Jersey cattle with the aim of improving milk production. However, crossbred animals are prone to infections and various other diseases resulting in unsustainable milk production. In this study, we tend to identify high-impact SNPs from Jersey and Kashmiri cows (utilizing RNA-Seq data) to delineate key pathways mediating milk production traits in both breeds. A total of 607 (442 SNPs and 169 INDELs) and 684 (464 SNPs and 220 INDELs) high-impact variants were found specific to Jersey and Kashmir cattle, respectively. Based on our results, we conclude that in Jersey cattle, genes with high-impact SNPs were enriched...
Health and Safety Aspects of Food Processing Technologies
Due to the increasing population day by day, the food security is the most global concern in orde... more Due to the increasing population day by day, the food security is the most global concern in order to fulfil the food demand for both developed and developing nations across the world. In developing countries, cereal grains are the staple food and nearly 70% of the population depends upon agriculture. In India the most challenging issue is the storage of these cereal grains. A number of insect pests deteriorate stored grains. Insect and pest infestations are major contributor to quality deterioration of stored food stuff such as cereals grains, pulses, and oil seeds. Tropical climate of India provides favourable condition for the continuous growth of insect/pests throughout the year. During storage, pests infest the grains and therefore, fulfil their food and shelter requirements by causing qualitative as well as quantitative losses of stored products. These insect pests impose the damage on stored products by direct feeding and affect the farmers because their infested grain may have a significant effect on the value of marketing, consumption, or planting. This chapter provides an overview of different types of stored grains and their infestation by major pests, and also describes various techniques for prevention of these infestations.
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