In this paper, the creation of a semantic framework to support a Virtual Enterprise (VE) oriented... more In this paper, the creation of a semantic framework to support a Virtual Enterprise (VE) oriented approach for the assembly of nano devices is described. The domain of Nano Assembly provides an interesting and new context of developing products in an emerging domain of importance. Nano assembly is a complex domain and there is a need to collaboratively address a given nano assembly problem using diverse expertise and resources. By adopting a VE oriented approach within a Semantic Web based framework, a group of engineering organizations can collaborate and respond to specific customer requirements. In this paper, the design of such a semantic web based framework to support nano assembly activities is outlined.
The major predisposing genetic component in type 1 diabetes (T1D) maps to the MHC locus in both m... more The major predisposing genetic component in type 1 diabetes (T1D) maps to the MHC locus in both mice and humans. To better understand the HLA class II association with disease pathogenesis, we bred mice expressing HLA-DQ8 and -DR3, either alone or in combination, to transgenic mice expressing the co-stimulatory molecule B7-1 in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans. Spontaneous diabetes occurred only in RIP-B7-1 transgenic mice expressing transgenic HLA-DR3 or -DQ8 molecules and the incidence of diabetes was comparable between the two (approximately 30% in either sex up to 50 weeks of age). Presence of DR3 and DQ8 together only marginally elevated the overall incidence of spontaneous disease (38%). Non-specific activation of T cells by superantigen and provision of concomitant co-stimulation through 4-1BB (CD137) by an agonistic antibody did not accelerate the incidence of diabetes over a short period of time. Neither the antibody-mediated depletion of CD25+ T cells nor sublethal, whole-body irradiation of young, naive HLA transgenic mice expressing RIP-B7-1 resulted in diabetes. However, administration of only two doses of the beta cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) induced autoimmune diabetes in 85% of mice within 7 weeks after STZ treatment only when B7-1 was expressed on the pancreatic beta cells. This effect was HLA dependent as none of the STZ-treated RIP-B7-1 transgenic mice lacking HLA class II developed diabetes. In conclusion, this study confirmed the diabetogenic potential of HLA-DQ8 and established the role of HLA-DR3 in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Investigations were carried out to study the chromium removal efficiency of boiled mucilaginous s... more Investigations were carried out to study the chromium removal efficiency of boiled mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum americanum. Batch experiments were conducted to study the biosorption kinetics of chromium removal for the concentrations 10mg/L, 20mg/L and 40 mg/L of chromium(VI) solutions. The biosorbent dosage was 8 g dry seeds/L. The toxic hexavalent chromium was reduced to less toxic chromium(III) in the presence of seeds and the reduced chromium was adsorbed on the mucilage of seeds. Both the chromium(VI) and chromium(III) were present in the aqueous phase. The optimum chromium reduction and adsorption was observed at the pH value 1.5. The biosorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was q=32 mg chromium(III)/g of dry seeds. The continuous column study was also carried out at the flow rate of 27 mL/h for the initial concentration 25mg/L of chromium(VI) feed solution using a packed bed column filled with boiled mucilaginous seeds. The maximum reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in the packed bed was 80%. The percentage removal of reduced chromium from the aqueous solution was 56.25%. This value was maintained constant until 0.52 L of chromium(VI) solution was pumped through the packed bed column. Thus the naturally immobilized polysaccharides on the seeds mimic the microbial polysaccharides in terms of their ability to adsorb heavy metals with an added advantage of making the immobilization step unnecessary which is a major cost factor of the metal removal process when microbial exopolysaccharides used. The uniform size and spherical shape of swollen seeds give an additional advantage to use them in a packed bed column for continuous removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
This paper outlines the design of an information based manufacturing framework for micro devices ... more This paper outlines the design of an information based manufacturing framework for micro devices assembly (MDA). The focus of discussion is on the virtual reality based assembly environment along with the use of path planning components. The virtual environment is implemented using C++ and Open Inventor. Two path planning software modules have also been implemented to demonstrate the overall approach. A physical micro assembly cell is used to accomplish the proposed assembly plans.
In this paper, the creation of a semantic framework to support a Virtual Enterprise (VE) oriented... more In this paper, the creation of a semantic framework to support a Virtual Enterprise (VE) oriented approach for the assembly of nano devices is described. The domain of Nano Assembly provides an interesting and new context of developing products in an emerging domain of importance. Nano assembly is a complex domain and there is a need to collaboratively address a given nano assembly problem using diverse expertise and resources. By adopting a VE oriented approach within a Semantic Web based framework, a group of engineering organizations can collaborate and respond to specific customer requirements. In this paper, the design of such a semantic web based framework to support nano assembly activities is outlined.
The major predisposing genetic component in type 1 diabetes (T1D) maps to the MHC locus in both m... more The major predisposing genetic component in type 1 diabetes (T1D) maps to the MHC locus in both mice and humans. To better understand the HLA class II association with disease pathogenesis, we bred mice expressing HLA-DQ8 and -DR3, either alone or in combination, to transgenic mice expressing the co-stimulatory molecule B7-1 in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans. Spontaneous diabetes occurred only in RIP-B7-1 transgenic mice expressing transgenic HLA-DR3 or -DQ8 molecules and the incidence of diabetes was comparable between the two (approximately 30% in either sex up to 50 weeks of age). Presence of DR3 and DQ8 together only marginally elevated the overall incidence of spontaneous disease (38%). Non-specific activation of T cells by superantigen and provision of concomitant co-stimulation through 4-1BB (CD137) by an agonistic antibody did not accelerate the incidence of diabetes over a short period of time. Neither the antibody-mediated depletion of CD25+ T cells nor sublethal, whole-body irradiation of young, naive HLA transgenic mice expressing RIP-B7-1 resulted in diabetes. However, administration of only two doses of the beta cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) induced autoimmune diabetes in 85% of mice within 7 weeks after STZ treatment only when B7-1 was expressed on the pancreatic beta cells. This effect was HLA dependent as none of the STZ-treated RIP-B7-1 transgenic mice lacking HLA class II developed diabetes. In conclusion, this study confirmed the diabetogenic potential of HLA-DQ8 and established the role of HLA-DR3 in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Investigations were carried out to study the chromium removal efficiency of boiled mucilaginous s... more Investigations were carried out to study the chromium removal efficiency of boiled mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum americanum. Batch experiments were conducted to study the biosorption kinetics of chromium removal for the concentrations 10mg/L, 20mg/L and 40 mg/L of chromium(VI) solutions. The biosorbent dosage was 8 g dry seeds/L. The toxic hexavalent chromium was reduced to less toxic chromium(III) in the presence of seeds and the reduced chromium was adsorbed on the mucilage of seeds. Both the chromium(VI) and chromium(III) were present in the aqueous phase. The optimum chromium reduction and adsorption was observed at the pH value 1.5. The biosorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was q=32 mg chromium(III)/g of dry seeds. The continuous column study was also carried out at the flow rate of 27 mL/h for the initial concentration 25mg/L of chromium(VI) feed solution using a packed bed column filled with boiled mucilaginous seeds. The maximum reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in the packed bed was 80%. The percentage removal of reduced chromium from the aqueous solution was 56.25%. This value was maintained constant until 0.52 L of chromium(VI) solution was pumped through the packed bed column. Thus the naturally immobilized polysaccharides on the seeds mimic the microbial polysaccharides in terms of their ability to adsorb heavy metals with an added advantage of making the immobilization step unnecessary which is a major cost factor of the metal removal process when microbial exopolysaccharides used. The uniform size and spherical shape of swollen seeds give an additional advantage to use them in a packed bed column for continuous removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
This paper outlines the design of an information based manufacturing framework for micro devices ... more This paper outlines the design of an information based manufacturing framework for micro devices assembly (MDA). The focus of discussion is on the virtual reality based assembly environment along with the use of path planning components. The virtual environment is implemented using C++ and Open Inventor. Two path planning software modules have also been implemented to demonstrate the overall approach. A physical micro assembly cell is used to accomplish the proposed assembly plans.
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