In het kader van het Actieplan 4.0 ‘Werk maken van werk in de zorg- en welzijnssector’ wil de Vla... more In het kader van het Actieplan 4.0 ‘Werk maken van werk in de zorg- en welzijnssector’ wil de Vlaamse overheid nagaan hoe men meer personen met een migratieachtergrond in de zorgsectoren aan het werk kan stellen. Men stelt immers vast dat zowel in het onderwijs als op de arbeidsmarkt personen met een migratieachtergrond van buiten de EU niet goed vertegenwoordigd zijn. Het feit dat de samenleving een groeiende diversiteit kent, is een bijkomende reden om actief in te zetten op een sterkere participatie. Men mag verwachten dat een sterkere vertegenwoordiging van personen met migratieachtergrond in de zorgberoepen zal bijdragen tot een betere zorg voor de personen met een migratieachtergrond in onze samenleving. Het onderzoek focust op twee vragen: (1) hoeveel personen met een migratie-achtergrond zijn tewerkgesteld in de zorgsectoren, (2) welke factoren bevorderen en belemmeren de keuze voor een zorgberoep? De eerste vraag beantwoorden we aan de hand van de beschikbare cijfergegevens die afkomstig zijn uit de Kruispuntbank Sociale Zekerheid. Voor de tweede onderzoeksvraag zetten we een kwalitatief onderzoek op bij leerlingen uit het secundair en hoger onderwijs en bij personen die op dit moment al werken in de zorg. Vanuit hun perspectief identificeren we factoren die de keuze voor een zorgopleiding en -beroep enerzijds bevorderen en anderzijds belemmeren? De inzichten en de beleidsaanbevelingen uit de interviews zijn vervolgens voorgelegd aan een expertenpanel. We concluderen met een aantal krachtige aanbevelingen voor de arbeidsmarkt, het onderwijs en de zorgorganisatie.
The first aim of WP8 on cross-evaluation is to identify what policy-makers and civil society repr... more The first aim of WP8 on cross-evaluation is to identify what policy-makers and civil society representatives active on different levels (Europe, national, urban, neighbourhood) and working in often very different contexts can learn from the research results of the DIVERCITIES project on urban diversities. The second aim is to allow policy-makers and civil society representatives to update our discussions on the governance of urban diversity. The third aim is to create a forum for policy-makers and civil society representatives from various countries and cities to exchange and share information on governing urban diversity among each other. It is set up as a dialogue between DIVERCITIES scholars and policy-makers, civil society representatives and experts from all case study countries. The cross-evaluation has discussed the governance and policy implications of the research findings across all case studies of the DIVERCITIES project and the extent to which the DIVERCITIES research fi...
This policy brief describes the governance and policy implications of the large-scale DIVERCITIES... more This policy brief describes the governance and policy implications of the large-scale DIVERCITIES research project on urban diversity in 14 cities in Europe and beyond. It is based on a mutual learning exercise between academics, policymakers and civil society representatives and a comparative reading of the research results for the 14 cities. How can urban policies and actions improve social cohesion, neighbourhood attachment and everyday life in diverse and disadvantaged neighbourhoods? What needs to change in the discourses, perceptions and approaches of diversity amongst policymakers and civil society actors in order to govern urban diversity in a more productive way? How can the potential of diversity for promoting social mobility, economic performance and entrepreneurship be enhanced? In this policy brief we show that a plurality of tailor-made policy arrangements and actions is required to turn diversity into an advantage for neighbourhoods. These arrangements and actions aim...
This book is one of the outcomes of the DIVERCITIES project. It focuses on the question of how to... more This book is one of the outcomes of the DIVERCITIES project. It focuses on the question of how to create social cohesion, social mobility and economic performance in today's hyper-diversified cities. The project's central hypothesis is that urban diversity is an asset; it can inspire creativity, innovation and make cities more liveable and harmonious. To ensure a more intelligent use of diversity's potential, a re-thinking of public policies and governance models is needed.
Analysis of how urban diversity and policies and arrangements with respect to urban diversity aff... more Analysis of how urban diversity and policies and arrangements with respect to urban diversity affect different population groups living in cities in terms of economic performance and to clarify who (which social groups) profit and how they profit.
This thesis investigates how non-Western ethnic minorities have been represented in Dutch cinema ... more This thesis investigates how non-Western ethnic minorities have been represented in Dutch cinema mainly during the last two decades. While it has been argued that national cinema contributes to the imagination of a cohesive national identity, migration and the resulting ethnic diversity in contemporary societies urges us to rethink the role of cinema in the construction of national identities. Whereas migration and minorities are often seen as a threat to the unity of a bounded and homogeneous nation, I argue that national cinemas can contribute to the imagination of a culturally diverse society. In debates about national cinemas, small nations like the Netherlands have largely been neglected. My original contribution to the field is the argument that even the cinema of a small nation like the Netherlands can represent cultural diversity. Not only because of its small size but also because it is one of the first European countries that developed multicultural policies, the Netherlan...
Beyond predominant discourses on the integration of immigrants, this research aims to establish a... more Beyond predominant discourses on the integration of immigrants, this research aims to establish a view on how immigrant filmmakers in glo bal cities erode the idea of national cinemas. Cont rary to the demands of assimilation in the regular labor ma ket, the commodification of cultural diversity has become an important segment of the creative economy in global cities (Scott 2000, Zukin 1995). In European film industries, for example, the demand f or cultural diversity creates opportunities for imm igrant filmmakers. Discourses on cultural diversity, howev er, lead to an a priori categorization of immigrant filmmakers as ethnic. Against the ethnicization of immigrant filmmakers, I start from the interactioni st framework of immigrant entrepreneurship (Waldinger et al. 1990, Rath & Kloosterman 2000). I argue that the ‘ethnicity’ of filmmakers serves as a brand to market their films as authentic in the global cultu ral economy. In this paper, I compare immigrant filmmak ers based in Br...
Urban multicultural festivals likeNotting Hill Carnival in London, Karneval der Kulturen in Berli... more Urban multicultural festivals likeNotting Hill Carnival in London, Karneval der Kulturen in Berlin, and Zomercarnaval in Rotterdam have proliferated in European cities despite a political backlash against multiculturalism in recent years. Nevertheless, in political and academic debates, multicultural festivals are often brushed off as superficial feel-good spectacles of cultural diversity. In response to these criticisms, we examine to what extent multicultural festivals have an emancipatory potential for immigrants and minorities. In the heart of Europe, the Belgian city of Antwerp currently hosts more than 160 different nationalities, making it one of the most diverse cities in the world. Apart from its immigrant neighbourhoods, the city is known for the electoral victories of right-wing parties opposing immigration and multiculturalism. In recent decades, there has been a growing backlash against multiculturalism among a wide range of policy-makers and commentators (Vasta, 2007; Vertovec andWessendorf, 2010; Alexander, 2013). Nationalist and conservative politicians in Belgium and other countries depicted multiculturalism as a threat to the nation’s identity, shared values, social order and the welfare state, leading to moral panics and fears of ethnic segregation, social breakdown, radicalism and even terrorism. In the context of the negative framing of superdiverse neighbourhoods as a problem or even as a threat to the city, the positive representation of cultural differences in festivals stands out as an ideological emblem of multiculturalism. According to progressive academics, however, multiculturalism – as a set of institutional arrangements for the recognition of cultural minorities and the accommodation of group-differentiated rights – cannot be reduced to a show that treats cultural markers like cuisine, music, clothing as authentic practices of ethnic groups to be preserved by their members and safely consumed by others (Taylor, 1994; Benhabib, 2002: Kymlicka, 2012). In the first place, this celebratory model of multiculturalism would shift the attention away from political and socio-economic inequalities (Barry, 2001; Berrey, 2005; Michaels, 2006). A second critique is that the ‘Disneyfication’ or trivialisation of cultural differences would ignore real challenges and conflicts concerning religious and cultural traditions (Bissoondath, 1994). Thirdly, representing ethnic groups through folklore and cultural traditions conceives of ethnic groups as closed and unchangeable entities, each reproducing their own cultural practices and claims (Benhabib, 2002). Defining cultures
In het kader van het Actieplan 4.0 ‘Werk maken van werk in de zorg- en welzijnssector’ wil de Vla... more In het kader van het Actieplan 4.0 ‘Werk maken van werk in de zorg- en welzijnssector’ wil de Vlaamse overheid nagaan hoe men meer personen met een migratieachtergrond in de zorgsectoren aan het werk kan stellen. Men stelt immers vast dat zowel in het onderwijs als op de arbeidsmarkt personen met een migratieachtergrond van buiten de EU niet goed vertegenwoordigd zijn. Het feit dat de samenleving een groeiende diversiteit kent, is een bijkomende reden om actief in te zetten op een sterkere participatie. Men mag verwachten dat een sterkere vertegenwoordiging van personen met migratieachtergrond in de zorgberoepen zal bijdragen tot een betere zorg voor de personen met een migratieachtergrond in onze samenleving. Het onderzoek focust op twee vragen: (1) hoeveel personen met een migratie-achtergrond zijn tewerkgesteld in de zorgsectoren, (2) welke factoren bevorderen en belemmeren de keuze voor een zorgberoep? De eerste vraag beantwoorden we aan de hand van de beschikbare cijfergegevens die afkomstig zijn uit de Kruispuntbank Sociale Zekerheid. Voor de tweede onderzoeksvraag zetten we een kwalitatief onderzoek op bij leerlingen uit het secundair en hoger onderwijs en bij personen die op dit moment al werken in de zorg. Vanuit hun perspectief identificeren we factoren die de keuze voor een zorgopleiding en -beroep enerzijds bevorderen en anderzijds belemmeren? De inzichten en de beleidsaanbevelingen uit de interviews zijn vervolgens voorgelegd aan een expertenpanel. We concluderen met een aantal krachtige aanbevelingen voor de arbeidsmarkt, het onderwijs en de zorgorganisatie.
The first aim of WP8 on cross-evaluation is to identify what policy-makers and civil society repr... more The first aim of WP8 on cross-evaluation is to identify what policy-makers and civil society representatives active on different levels (Europe, national, urban, neighbourhood) and working in often very different contexts can learn from the research results of the DIVERCITIES project on urban diversities. The second aim is to allow policy-makers and civil society representatives to update our discussions on the governance of urban diversity. The third aim is to create a forum for policy-makers and civil society representatives from various countries and cities to exchange and share information on governing urban diversity among each other. It is set up as a dialogue between DIVERCITIES scholars and policy-makers, civil society representatives and experts from all case study countries. The cross-evaluation has discussed the governance and policy implications of the research findings across all case studies of the DIVERCITIES project and the extent to which the DIVERCITIES research fi...
This policy brief describes the governance and policy implications of the large-scale DIVERCITIES... more This policy brief describes the governance and policy implications of the large-scale DIVERCITIES research project on urban diversity in 14 cities in Europe and beyond. It is based on a mutual learning exercise between academics, policymakers and civil society representatives and a comparative reading of the research results for the 14 cities. How can urban policies and actions improve social cohesion, neighbourhood attachment and everyday life in diverse and disadvantaged neighbourhoods? What needs to change in the discourses, perceptions and approaches of diversity amongst policymakers and civil society actors in order to govern urban diversity in a more productive way? How can the potential of diversity for promoting social mobility, economic performance and entrepreneurship be enhanced? In this policy brief we show that a plurality of tailor-made policy arrangements and actions is required to turn diversity into an advantage for neighbourhoods. These arrangements and actions aim...
This book is one of the outcomes of the DIVERCITIES project. It focuses on the question of how to... more This book is one of the outcomes of the DIVERCITIES project. It focuses on the question of how to create social cohesion, social mobility and economic performance in today's hyper-diversified cities. The project's central hypothesis is that urban diversity is an asset; it can inspire creativity, innovation and make cities more liveable and harmonious. To ensure a more intelligent use of diversity's potential, a re-thinking of public policies and governance models is needed.
Analysis of how urban diversity and policies and arrangements with respect to urban diversity aff... more Analysis of how urban diversity and policies and arrangements with respect to urban diversity affect different population groups living in cities in terms of economic performance and to clarify who (which social groups) profit and how they profit.
This thesis investigates how non-Western ethnic minorities have been represented in Dutch cinema ... more This thesis investigates how non-Western ethnic minorities have been represented in Dutch cinema mainly during the last two decades. While it has been argued that national cinema contributes to the imagination of a cohesive national identity, migration and the resulting ethnic diversity in contemporary societies urges us to rethink the role of cinema in the construction of national identities. Whereas migration and minorities are often seen as a threat to the unity of a bounded and homogeneous nation, I argue that national cinemas can contribute to the imagination of a culturally diverse society. In debates about national cinemas, small nations like the Netherlands have largely been neglected. My original contribution to the field is the argument that even the cinema of a small nation like the Netherlands can represent cultural diversity. Not only because of its small size but also because it is one of the first European countries that developed multicultural policies, the Netherlan...
Beyond predominant discourses on the integration of immigrants, this research aims to establish a... more Beyond predominant discourses on the integration of immigrants, this research aims to establish a view on how immigrant filmmakers in glo bal cities erode the idea of national cinemas. Cont rary to the demands of assimilation in the regular labor ma ket, the commodification of cultural diversity has become an important segment of the creative economy in global cities (Scott 2000, Zukin 1995). In European film industries, for example, the demand f or cultural diversity creates opportunities for imm igrant filmmakers. Discourses on cultural diversity, howev er, lead to an a priori categorization of immigrant filmmakers as ethnic. Against the ethnicization of immigrant filmmakers, I start from the interactioni st framework of immigrant entrepreneurship (Waldinger et al. 1990, Rath & Kloosterman 2000). I argue that the ‘ethnicity’ of filmmakers serves as a brand to market their films as authentic in the global cultu ral economy. In this paper, I compare immigrant filmmak ers based in Br...
Urban multicultural festivals likeNotting Hill Carnival in London, Karneval der Kulturen in Berli... more Urban multicultural festivals likeNotting Hill Carnival in London, Karneval der Kulturen in Berlin, and Zomercarnaval in Rotterdam have proliferated in European cities despite a political backlash against multiculturalism in recent years. Nevertheless, in political and academic debates, multicultural festivals are often brushed off as superficial feel-good spectacles of cultural diversity. In response to these criticisms, we examine to what extent multicultural festivals have an emancipatory potential for immigrants and minorities. In the heart of Europe, the Belgian city of Antwerp currently hosts more than 160 different nationalities, making it one of the most diverse cities in the world. Apart from its immigrant neighbourhoods, the city is known for the electoral victories of right-wing parties opposing immigration and multiculturalism. In recent decades, there has been a growing backlash against multiculturalism among a wide range of policy-makers and commentators (Vasta, 2007; Vertovec andWessendorf, 2010; Alexander, 2013). Nationalist and conservative politicians in Belgium and other countries depicted multiculturalism as a threat to the nation’s identity, shared values, social order and the welfare state, leading to moral panics and fears of ethnic segregation, social breakdown, radicalism and even terrorism. In the context of the negative framing of superdiverse neighbourhoods as a problem or even as a threat to the city, the positive representation of cultural differences in festivals stands out as an ideological emblem of multiculturalism. According to progressive academics, however, multiculturalism – as a set of institutional arrangements for the recognition of cultural minorities and the accommodation of group-differentiated rights – cannot be reduced to a show that treats cultural markers like cuisine, music, clothing as authentic practices of ethnic groups to be preserved by their members and safely consumed by others (Taylor, 1994; Benhabib, 2002: Kymlicka, 2012). In the first place, this celebratory model of multiculturalism would shift the attention away from political and socio-economic inequalities (Barry, 2001; Berrey, 2005; Michaels, 2006). A second critique is that the ‘Disneyfication’ or trivialisation of cultural differences would ignore real challenges and conflicts concerning religious and cultural traditions (Bissoondath, 1994). Thirdly, representing ethnic groups through folklore and cultural traditions conceives of ethnic groups as closed and unchangeable entities, each reproducing their own cultural practices and claims (Benhabib, 2002). Defining cultures
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