Victor Heiser was in charge of Rockefeller programs in Asia and the Pacific (which his contempora... more Victor Heiser was in charge of Rockefeller programs in Asia and the Pacific (which his contemporaries called the "Pacific region") as Director for the East of the International Health Board (IHB) of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1915 to 1934. The IHB provided a substantial portion (30-40 percent) of the funding for international health projects of the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO, 1921-46), and also conducted its own programs in various parts of the world. In recent years, scholars have begun to see the League as an important harbinger of global norms in the following era of the United Nations, and the role of the LNHO is in particularly well acknowledged. Heiser oversaw a large part of the LNHO's international health work in Asia and the Pacific. Compared to other Rockefeller IHB officers who worked in Asia, such as John B. Grant, Roger Greene, and Selskar Gunn, however, Heiser's work as Director for the East, especially in the relations between t...
In 1925, American internationalists launched an unofficial multinational conference in Honolulu, ... more In 1925, American internationalists launched an unofficial multinational conference in Honolulu, with participation of people from major Pacific rim countries including Japan, Australia and the USA. As a result, a permanent organization, the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), was founded. Through an examination of this institute, the thesis explores ideas of the 'international order' held by Wilsonian internationalists in the Asia-Pacific context in the inter-war period. The IPR reflected the new dynamism in international politics in the 1920s, resulting from the influence of Wilsonian internationalism and the ideas of a "Pacific Age". This "Pacific Age" in the IPR context was an American construct, and reflected American confidence in the Asia-Pacific. Inspired by Wilsonian internationalism and the concept of the new era, the IPR advocated 'unofficial diplomacy', new attitudes to the Orient and a Pacific centred perspective. It achieved certa...
This is a journal article for the most prominent journal in media history in Japan. It argues the... more This is a journal article for the most prominent journal in media history in Japan. It argues the prototype of Japan's public diplomacy emerged not in the post 1945, as often assumed, but in the 1930s, and stresses this was a globally concurrent phenomenon responding to three global forces, first, globalized telecommunication infrastructures, second, the rising mass-based politics, and third, the increasing significance of 'international public opinion'
Cet article examine le rôle joué par la Société des nations dans la création d’un savoir « scient... more Cet article examine le rôle joué par la Société des nations dans la création d’un savoir « scientifique » sur les relations internationales, à travers le cas de la Conférence permanente des Hautes Études internationales (CPHEI, 1928-1954) qu’elle a initiée. Il étudie les périodes cruciales où les processus mis en œuvre au sein de la CPHEI s’entrecroisent avec l’émergence d’un nouveau champ, les « études aréales ». Il se concentre particulièrement sur l’intervention de l’Institut des relations du Pacifique lors de la session de la CPHEI tenue en 1930 et dans une moindre mesure sur les réflexions menées dans le cadre de l’Unesco en 1952. Il démontre qu’il s'est agi là d'occasions manquées pour les « relations internationales » et les « études aréales » de se constituer en savoir à l’échelle mondiale.
... Titles include: Debating Human Rights Critical Essays from the United States and Asia Edited ... more ... Titles include: Debating Human Rights Critical Essays from the United States and Asia Edited by Peter Van Ness Hong Kong's History State and Society under Colonial Rule Edited by Tak-Wing Ngo Japan's Comfort Women Sexual slavery and prostitution during World War II ...
Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international
Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Cour... more Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (1931–1934). This review article introduces the first substantial study of Adachi, focusing on his path of ‘becoming’ one of a few leading international jurists with non-Euro-American backgrounds in his period. This review essay demonstrates that by examining this Japanese diplomat and jurist, the book, written in Japanese, contributes to the debates on the history of international law in two significant ways. First, it reveals the fundamental issues in the development of the international judicial system, namely the nature of international jurists, empires and the principle of the equality of national sovereignty, and the significance of the roles of non-Euro-American actors in shaping the system. Secondly, it demonstrates the necessity of the inter-disciplinary collaboration between international law, international history and specific regional and national h...
Victor Heiser was in charge of Rockefeller programs in Asia and the Pacific (which his contempora... more Victor Heiser was in charge of Rockefeller programs in Asia and the Pacific (which his contemporaries called the "Pacific region") as Director for the East of the International Health Board (IHB) of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1915 to 1934. The IHB provided a substantial portion (30-40 percent) of the funding for international health projects of the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO, 1921-46), and also conducted its own programs in various parts of the world. In recent years, scholars have begun to see the League as an important harbinger of global norms in the following era of the United Nations, and the role of the LNHO is in particularly well acknowledged. Heiser oversaw a large part of the LNHO's international health work in Asia and the Pacific. Compared to other Rockefeller IHB officers who worked in Asia, such as John B. Grant, Roger Greene, and Selskar Gunn, however, Heiser's work as Director for the East, especially in the relations between t...
In 1925, American internationalists launched an unofficial multinational conference in Honolulu, ... more In 1925, American internationalists launched an unofficial multinational conference in Honolulu, with participation of people from major Pacific rim countries including Japan, Australia and the USA. As a result, a permanent organization, the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), was founded. Through an examination of this institute, the thesis explores ideas of the 'international order' held by Wilsonian internationalists in the Asia-Pacific context in the inter-war period. The IPR reflected the new dynamism in international politics in the 1920s, resulting from the influence of Wilsonian internationalism and the ideas of a "Pacific Age". This "Pacific Age" in the IPR context was an American construct, and reflected American confidence in the Asia-Pacific. Inspired by Wilsonian internationalism and the concept of the new era, the IPR advocated 'unofficial diplomacy', new attitudes to the Orient and a Pacific centred perspective. It achieved certa...
This is a journal article for the most prominent journal in media history in Japan. It argues the... more This is a journal article for the most prominent journal in media history in Japan. It argues the prototype of Japan's public diplomacy emerged not in the post 1945, as often assumed, but in the 1930s, and stresses this was a globally concurrent phenomenon responding to three global forces, first, globalized telecommunication infrastructures, second, the rising mass-based politics, and third, the increasing significance of 'international public opinion'
Cet article examine le rôle joué par la Société des nations dans la création d’un savoir « scient... more Cet article examine le rôle joué par la Société des nations dans la création d’un savoir « scientifique » sur les relations internationales, à travers le cas de la Conférence permanente des Hautes Études internationales (CPHEI, 1928-1954) qu’elle a initiée. Il étudie les périodes cruciales où les processus mis en œuvre au sein de la CPHEI s’entrecroisent avec l’émergence d’un nouveau champ, les « études aréales ». Il se concentre particulièrement sur l’intervention de l’Institut des relations du Pacifique lors de la session de la CPHEI tenue en 1930 et dans une moindre mesure sur les réflexions menées dans le cadre de l’Unesco en 1952. Il démontre qu’il s'est agi là d'occasions manquées pour les « relations internationales » et les « études aréales » de se constituer en savoir à l’échelle mondiale.
... Titles include: Debating Human Rights Critical Essays from the United States and Asia Edited ... more ... Titles include: Debating Human Rights Critical Essays from the United States and Asia Edited by Peter Van Ness Hong Kong's History State and Society under Colonial Rule Edited by Tak-Wing Ngo Japan's Comfort Women Sexual slavery and prostitution during World War II ...
Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international
Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Cour... more Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (1931–1934). This review article introduces the first substantial study of Adachi, focusing on his path of ‘becoming’ one of a few leading international jurists with non-Euro-American backgrounds in his period. This review essay demonstrates that by examining this Japanese diplomat and jurist, the book, written in Japanese, contributes to the debates on the history of international law in two significant ways. First, it reveals the fundamental issues in the development of the international judicial system, namely the nature of international jurists, empires and the principle of the equality of national sovereignty, and the significance of the roles of non-Euro-American actors in shaping the system. Secondly, it demonstrates the necessity of the inter-disciplinary collaboration between international law, international history and specific regional and national h...
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Papers by Tomoko Akami