Farhad Karami was born in Sanandaj, Iran, in 1972. He was admitted in the field of horticultural science at Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), in 1990. He received his master's degree (MSc.) in the field of fruit science at the University of Tehran during 1993-95. Subsequently he got a scholarship from Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), and emploied at the Agricultural Research Center of Kurdistan Province. He recieved his Ph.D. in the field of Fruit Physiology and Improvement at Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, during 2011-2016. Farhad Karami is the director of strawberry research program at the Horticultural Sciences Department of the Agricultural Research Center of Kurdistan, Iran. He has published more than 50 scientific articles so far. Supervisors: Professor Mansour Gholami Address: Sanandaj, Iran
Strawberry Anthracnose Fruit Rot (AFR) is one of the main limiting factors for strawberry product... more Strawberry Anthracnose Fruit Rot (AFR) is one of the main limiting factors for strawberry production industry worldwide including Iran. Due to the restrictions associated with fungicides application across strawberry fields, their adverse effects on environment and the possible fungicides resistance development among fungal strains of the pathogen, the use of resistant cultivars is considered the most effective method for the management of this disease. In this study, reactions of 25 commercial strawberry cultivars were evaluated against the fungus Colletotrichum nymphaeae, causing strawberry AFR using fruit, leaf, and crown-based assays. According to the results of this study, the strawberry cultivars showed different reactions to the disease depending on the inoculation of their leaf, fruit, and crown with C. nymphaeae PET1 under in vivo and greenhouse conditions. However, fruit-based assay was a better indicator of AFR disease susceptibility due to nature of AFR disease caused by...
The success of plant breeding depends on diversity in plant genetic resources and their responses... more The success of plant breeding depends on diversity in plant genetic resources and their responses to changing environments. In this regard, twenty strawberry genotypes with altered genetic background were evaluated for their performance under different environments based on the estimation of their genetic variability and heritability. Furthermore, genetic distances and associations were assessed by using data mining techniques. The combined ANOVA results showed that environmental factors have great influences on changing the values’ size of the measured-traits. Also, high heritability and genetic variation were detected for yield and its components showed a high potential for improvement among the strawberry genotypes and being considered as raw materials in breeding programs. The biplot and heatmap, in line with clustering, showed to be key methods for finding about the structural association among genotypes, the measured-traits, and their cross relationships and their influences o...
In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits... more In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits and to understanding direct and indirect effects of various parameters on the yield, an experiment was conducted on 20 genotypes of strawberries at center of research of Kurdistan, Iran. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to assess the pattern grouping of genotypes. Results of cluster analysis based on all measured traits, grouped genotypes into 5 clusters at Euclidean distance of 10. Important traits with high effects on clustering included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin, yield, flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. PCA analysis revealed 4 principle components that covered 68.62% of total variance. The first component with 29.57% included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin and yield, and the second component with 17.24% included flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. R...
Background In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield in... more Background In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield instability are major limitations to strawberry production. However, there is scarcity of information on the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars to freezing stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars (Tennessee Beauty, Blakemore, Kurdistan, Queen Elisa, Chandler, Krasnyy Bereg, and Yalova) to different freezing temperature treatments (− 5, − 10, − 15, − 20, and − 25 °C) under controlled conditions. Results All measured physiological and biochemical features were significantly affected by the interaction effect between low temperatures and cultivars. Tennessee Beauty showed the highest RWC at − 25 °C. The highest Fv/Fm was observed in Queen Elisa. Krasnyy Bereg had the least freezing injury (FI) in crown and leaf, while Yalova and Chandler showed the highest crown and leaf FI, respectively. At − 20 ...
In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits... more In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits and to understanding direct and indirect effects of various parameters on the yield, an experiment was conducted on 20 genotypes of strawberries at center of research of Kurdistan, Iran. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to assess the pattern grouping of genotypes. Results of cluster analysis based on all measured traits, grouped genotypes into 5 clusters at Euclidean distance of 10. Important traits with high effects on clustering included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin, yield, flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. PCA analysis revealed 4 principle components that covered 68.62% of total variance. The first component with 29.57% included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin and yield, and the second component with 17.24% included flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. Results of biplot were similar to the results of cluster analysis. Although there was positive and significant correlation between chlorophyll a, b, ab, flowering period, and appearance of the first fruit with yield, there were not significant correlation between soluble solids and titratable acidity with yield. There was a negative and significant correlation between anthocyanin and appearance of the first flower with yield. The results of stepwise regression showed that 6 characters entered to model including anthocyanin content, flowering period, appearance of the first fruit and flower, stolon and fruiting period. Genetic Path coefficient analysis revealed that appearance of the first fruit had the highest positive direct effect on yield and anthocyanin had the highest negative direct effect on yield.
In estimation of genetic parameters in perennial tree species on the basis of analysis of varianc... more In estimation of genetic parameters in perennial tree species on the basis of analysis of variance (ANOVA), heterogeneity of years and genotype × environment interaction for data sets during the juvenility to maturity life period is ignored. Therefore, a linear mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approximation for modeling of covariance structure of longitudinal data can improve our ability to analyze repeated measures data. In the present research, a modeling of variance-covariance structure by mixed model based on the REML approach has been used for characteristics of 26 apricot genotypes recorded during three years. Fitting unstructured covariance (UN) models for all traits indicated a great heterogeneity of variances among repeated years and the trends of response variables in the genotypes (except for RWC) was due to imperfect correlation of subjects measured in different years. Based on the same structure, positive correlations were estimated among fruit ...
A number of different agents cause decline and death of stone fruit trees that their identificati... more A number of different agents cause decline and death of stone fruit trees that their identification plays an important role in management of the diseases and reduction of yield loss. Around 10% of orchards in Kurdistan province belong to stone fruits including cherry, peach, ...
ABSTRACT To study evaluate new strawberry cultivars, two field trials were conducted on 14 cultiv... more ABSTRACT To study evaluate new strawberry cultivars, two field trials were conducted on 14 cultivars of strawberry (‘Ventana’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Karcynberg’, ‘Classica’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Fresno’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Pajaro’, ‘Paros’, ‘Missionary’, ‘Marak’, ‘Selva’, ‘Queen Elisa’ and ‘Kurdistan’) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in two different regions in the 2007-2011 period. Morpho-physiological and phenological traits such as: total leaves, number of crowns, number of runners, total number of fruits, total yield, number of inflorescences/plant, petiole length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, initial runnering date, number of inflorescences/crown, inflorescence length, blooming date, flowering period, first fruits ripening, fruiting period, , fruit volume, fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and anthocyanins were evaluated. Compound variance analysis of data showed a significant difference (P≤0.01) between cultivars for all evaluated traits. Different years did not show significant difference (P≤0.05) in total leaves/plant, petiole length, initial runnering date, number of crowns, blooming date, TA and anthocyanins content, but showed significant differences in other evaluated traits. The highest yield was obtained from ‘Queen Elisa’ (953.7 g/plant) and the lowest from ‘Gaviota’ (100.9 g/plant). Significant and positive correlations (P≤0.01) between yield and total leaves/plant, petiole length, number of crowns/plant, number of inflorescences/plant, total fruits, fruit size and fruit weight were observed.
Strawberry Anthracnose Fruit Rot (AFR) is one of the main limiting factors for strawberry product... more Strawberry Anthracnose Fruit Rot (AFR) is one of the main limiting factors for strawberry production industry worldwide including Iran. Due to the restrictions associated with fungicides application across strawberry fields, their adverse effects on environment and the possible fungicides resistance development among fungal strains of the pathogen, the use of resistant cultivars is considered the most effective method for the management of this disease. In this study, reactions of 25 commercial strawberry cultivars were evaluated against the fungus Colletotrichum nymphaeae, causing strawberry AFR using fruit, leaf, and crown-based assays. According to the results of this study, the strawberry cultivars showed different reactions to the disease depending on the inoculation of their leaf, fruit, and crown with C. nymphaeae PET1 under in vivo and greenhouse conditions. However, fruit-based assay was a better indicator of AFR disease susceptibility due to nature of AFR disease caused by...
The success of plant breeding depends on diversity in plant genetic resources and their responses... more The success of plant breeding depends on diversity in plant genetic resources and their responses to changing environments. In this regard, twenty strawberry genotypes with altered genetic background were evaluated for their performance under different environments based on the estimation of their genetic variability and heritability. Furthermore, genetic distances and associations were assessed by using data mining techniques. The combined ANOVA results showed that environmental factors have great influences on changing the values’ size of the measured-traits. Also, high heritability and genetic variation were detected for yield and its components showed a high potential for improvement among the strawberry genotypes and being considered as raw materials in breeding programs. The biplot and heatmap, in line with clustering, showed to be key methods for finding about the structural association among genotypes, the measured-traits, and their cross relationships and their influences o...
In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits... more In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits and to understanding direct and indirect effects of various parameters on the yield, an experiment was conducted on 20 genotypes of strawberries at center of research of Kurdistan, Iran. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to assess the pattern grouping of genotypes. Results of cluster analysis based on all measured traits, grouped genotypes into 5 clusters at Euclidean distance of 10. Important traits with high effects on clustering included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin, yield, flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. PCA analysis revealed 4 principle components that covered 68.62% of total variance. The first component with 29.57% included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin and yield, and the second component with 17.24% included flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. R...
Background In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield in... more Background In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield instability are major limitations to strawberry production. However, there is scarcity of information on the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars to freezing stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars (Tennessee Beauty, Blakemore, Kurdistan, Queen Elisa, Chandler, Krasnyy Bereg, and Yalova) to different freezing temperature treatments (− 5, − 10, − 15, − 20, and − 25 °C) under controlled conditions. Results All measured physiological and biochemical features were significantly affected by the interaction effect between low temperatures and cultivars. Tennessee Beauty showed the highest RWC at − 25 °C. The highest Fv/Fm was observed in Queen Elisa. Krasnyy Bereg had the least freezing injury (FI) in crown and leaf, while Yalova and Chandler showed the highest crown and leaf FI, respectively. At − 20 ...
In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits... more In order to determination of relationship between yield and physiological and phenological traits and to understanding direct and indirect effects of various parameters on the yield, an experiment was conducted on 20 genotypes of strawberries at center of research of Kurdistan, Iran. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to assess the pattern grouping of genotypes. Results of cluster analysis based on all measured traits, grouped genotypes into 5 clusters at Euclidean distance of 10. Important traits with high effects on clustering included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin, yield, flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. PCA analysis revealed 4 principle components that covered 68.62% of total variance. The first component with 29.57% included chlorophyll a, b, ab, anthocyanin and yield, and the second component with 17.24% included flowering period and appearance of first flower and fruit. Results of biplot were similar to the results of cluster analysis. Although there was positive and significant correlation between chlorophyll a, b, ab, flowering period, and appearance of the first fruit with yield, there were not significant correlation between soluble solids and titratable acidity with yield. There was a negative and significant correlation between anthocyanin and appearance of the first flower with yield. The results of stepwise regression showed that 6 characters entered to model including anthocyanin content, flowering period, appearance of the first fruit and flower, stolon and fruiting period. Genetic Path coefficient analysis revealed that appearance of the first fruit had the highest positive direct effect on yield and anthocyanin had the highest negative direct effect on yield.
In estimation of genetic parameters in perennial tree species on the basis of analysis of varianc... more In estimation of genetic parameters in perennial tree species on the basis of analysis of variance (ANOVA), heterogeneity of years and genotype × environment interaction for data sets during the juvenility to maturity life period is ignored. Therefore, a linear mixed model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approximation for modeling of covariance structure of longitudinal data can improve our ability to analyze repeated measures data. In the present research, a modeling of variance-covariance structure by mixed model based on the REML approach has been used for characteristics of 26 apricot genotypes recorded during three years. Fitting unstructured covariance (UN) models for all traits indicated a great heterogeneity of variances among repeated years and the trends of response variables in the genotypes (except for RWC) was due to imperfect correlation of subjects measured in different years. Based on the same structure, positive correlations were estimated among fruit ...
A number of different agents cause decline and death of stone fruit trees that their identificati... more A number of different agents cause decline and death of stone fruit trees that their identification plays an important role in management of the diseases and reduction of yield loss. Around 10% of orchards in Kurdistan province belong to stone fruits including cherry, peach, ...
ABSTRACT To study evaluate new strawberry cultivars, two field trials were conducted on 14 cultiv... more ABSTRACT To study evaluate new strawberry cultivars, two field trials were conducted on 14 cultivars of strawberry (‘Ventana’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Karcynberg’, ‘Classica’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Fresno’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Pajaro’, ‘Paros’, ‘Missionary’, ‘Marak’, ‘Selva’, ‘Queen Elisa’ and ‘Kurdistan’) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in two different regions in the 2007-2011 period. Morpho-physiological and phenological traits such as: total leaves, number of crowns, number of runners, total number of fruits, total yield, number of inflorescences/plant, petiole length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, initial runnering date, number of inflorescences/crown, inflorescence length, blooming date, flowering period, first fruits ripening, fruiting period, , fruit volume, fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and anthocyanins were evaluated. Compound variance analysis of data showed a significant difference (P≤0.01) between cultivars for all evaluated traits. Different years did not show significant difference (P≤0.05) in total leaves/plant, petiole length, initial runnering date, number of crowns, blooming date, TA and anthocyanins content, but showed significant differences in other evaluated traits. The highest yield was obtained from ‘Queen Elisa’ (953.7 g/plant) and the lowest from ‘Gaviota’ (100.9 g/plant). Significant and positive correlations (P≤0.01) between yield and total leaves/plant, petiole length, number of crowns/plant, number of inflorescences/plant, total fruits, fruit size and fruit weight were observed.
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