Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington,... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA. Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Yih-Min Chen, Yuan-Tze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan Dr. Chien-Chin Chiu, Tam-Kang University, Tam-Shui, Taiwan Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut Dr. L. W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore Dr. Lixin Ran, Zhejiang University, China Dr. Kei Suwa, Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan
Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Labor... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Yih-Min Chen, Yuan-Tze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan. Dr. Chien-Chin Chiu, Tam-Kang University, Tam-Shui, Taiwan. Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut. Dr. L.W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore.
Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington,... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA. Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut. Dr. L. W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore. Dr. Lixin Ran, Zhejiang University, China. Dr. Fanming Kong, Shandong University, China. Dr. Hui Huang, Beijing Jiaotong University, China. Dr. Jiangtao Huangfu, Zhejiang University, China.
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure affects >30% of the hypertensive and >15% of the normote... more Salt sensitivity of blood pressure affects >30% of the hypertensive and >15% of the normotensive population. Variants of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe2 gene, SLC4A5, are associated with increased blood pressure in several ethnic groups. SLC4A5 variants are also highly associated with salt sensitivity, independent of hypertension. However, little is known about how NBCe2 contributes to salt sensitivity, although NBCe2 regulates renal tubular sodium bicarbonate transport. We hypothesized that SLC4A5 rs10177833 and rs7571842 increase NBCe2 expression and human renal proximal tubule cell (hRPTC) sodium transport and may be a cause of salt sensitivity of blood pressure. To characterize the hRPTC ion transport of wild-type (WT) and homozygous variants (HV) of SLC4A5. The expressions of NBCe2 mRNA and protein were not different between hRPTCs carrying WT or HV SLC4A5 before or after dopaminergic or angiotensin (II and III) stimulation. However, luminal to bas...
Both electrostatic and dispersive (van der Waals) forces contribute to particle adhesion, which h... more Both electrostatic and dispersive (van der Waals) forces contribute to particle adhesion, which has a significant effect on toner transfer in the electrophotographic process. Several approaches to adhesion measurements have yielded a large range of results for a variety of particle and environmental conditions. We present adhesion measurements taken in different environments using the metered air pulse method. They yield significantly different removal forces as a function of temperature for the same average particle charge. Particle deformation due to a combination of changes in particle stiffness with temperature and compressive electrostatic forces can predict the resulting adhesion increase. The morphology change is one of several factors which can contribute to the measured adhesion, which is significantly higher than values obtained by considering only the charged particle monopole and its image. Additionally, non-uniform charging in controlled adhesion experiments provides further muddling between the electrostatic and dispersive forces. This result is due to the electrostatic force having a component which is independent of the nominal charge under certain conditions. We find that the adhesion forces can be fully cubic with respect to the average particle charge, and that the components of the adhesion force may be much more difficult to decouple than previously thought.
Compound 21 (C-21) is a highly selective non-peptide angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist. To ... more Compound 21 (C-21) is a highly selective non-peptide angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist. To test the hypothesis that chronic AT2R activation with C-21 induces natriuresis via an action at the renal proximal tubule (RPT) and lowers blood pressure (BP) in experimental angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension. In rats, Ang II infusion increased both sodium (Na(+)) retention and BP on Day 1 and BP remained elevated throughout the 7 day infusion period. Either intrarenal or systemic administration of C-21 prevented Ang II-mediated Na(+) retention on Day 1, induced continuously negative cumulative Na(+) balance compared with Ang II alone, and reduced BP chronically. The effects of C-21 are likely to be mediated by action on the RPT as acute systemic C-21-induced natriuresis was additive to that induced by chlorothiazide and amiloride. At 24h of Ang II infusion, AT2R activation with C-21, both intrarenally and systemically, translocated AT2Rs from intracellular sites to the apic...
Optical forces are increasingly relevant in nanoscale optical science and engineering, but optica... more Optical forces are increasingly relevant in nanoscale optical science and engineering, but optical momentum in materials is still not fully understood. It is now shown that microstructure details as well as macroscopic optical parameters are important in determining optical momentum.
Abstract. Optical forces on a Rayleigh particle near the surface of a dielectric slab waveguide a... more Abstract. Optical forces on a Rayleigh particle near the surface of a dielectric slab waveguide are considered. A light wave of the lowest-order TE0 mode is used to excite the particle. The transverse and longitudinal forces acting on the particle are studied. The particle is always trapped near the surface of the slab, where the electric field intensity is high. The particle can be pushed away from or pulled toward the light source along the surface of the slab by tuning the frequency around a switching frequency. This phenomenon switches between scattering and gradient forces near the switching frequency of the dielectric slab waveguide.
The leading formulations for the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics will be reviewed along with... more The leading formulations for the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics will be reviewed along with arguments put forward to distinguish a unique form. Implications for modeling optical dynamics will be discussed along with simple examples.
Abstract Light possesses energy and momentum within the propagating electromagnetic fields. When ... more Abstract Light possesses energy and momentum within the propagating electromagnetic fields. When electromagnetic waves enter a material, the description of energy and momentum becomes ambiguous. In spite of more than a century of development, significant confusion still exists regarding the appropriate macroscopic theory of electrodynamics required to predict experimental outcomes and develop new applications. This confusion stems from the myriad of electromagnetic force equations and expressions for the momentum density and flux. In this review, the leading formulations of electrodynamics are compared with respect to how media are modeled. This view is applied to illustrate how the combination of electromagnetic fields and material responses contribute to the continuity of energy and momentum. A number of basic conclusions are deduced with the specific aim of modeling experiments where dielectric and magnetic media are submerged in media with a differing electromagnetic response. These conclusions are applied to demonstrate applicability to optical manipulation experiments.
2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, 2007
Page 1. _____ This work was sponsored by the Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA87... more Page 1. _____ This work was sponsored by the Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors ...
Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation X, 2013
ABSTRACT Optical manipulation has allowed for an increase in understanding across scientific fiel... more ABSTRACT Optical manipulation has allowed for an increase in understanding across scientific fields including biology, chemistry, and atomic physics. Unfortunately, there is still significant debate as to how the dynamics of opticalmatter systems should be modeled. The reason for this is the myriad of formulations for the electromagnetic momentum and force density. While significant advances have been made in recent years to interpret the different formulations of electrodynamics, there remains some confusion. Most formulations include contributions from both matter and field. They may be interpreted as providing the canonical, total, or wave momentum, stress, and force. Examples include the well-known Gordon and Minkowski momenta. Conversely, it is widely accepted that the Abraham momentum of light corresponds to the kinetic subsystem. Changes in the kinetic momentum thus should provide center of mass-energy translations of matter providing a route to deriving equations of motion in optical manipulation experiments. In this paper, the idea of a kinetic formulation of electrodynamics is discussed. Consideration will be given to the three viewpoints which are most commonly argued. First, the kinetic subsystem should be postulated as a fundamental tenant of electrodynamics. Second, the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics should not be postulated, but rather deduced by experimental and theoretical considerations. Third, a kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics cannot be uniquely defined in matter because the fields inside matter cannot be uniquely measured. Finally, it will be argued that identification of the kinetic subsystem of a particular optical manipulation experiment is not necessary nor preferred in most cases.
We present a method for approximating the potential of conducting objects due to a known electros... more We present a method for approximating the potential of conducting objects due to a known electrostatic source. The method involves averaging the incident potential over the conductor surface or volume region, which is known to give the exact value for a perfectly conducting sphere. The method is extended to spheroidal geometries, both prolate and oblate, to study the error incurred for deviations from the spherical case. Exact values for the spheroid potentials are derived and compared with those obtained by the mean value ...
Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington,... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA. Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Yih-Min Chen, Yuan-Tze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan Dr. Chien-Chin Chiu, Tam-Kang University, Tam-Shui, Taiwan Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut Dr. L. W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore Dr. Lixin Ran, Zhejiang University, China Dr. Kei Suwa, Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan
Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Labor... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Yih-Min Chen, Yuan-Tze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan. Dr. Chien-Chin Chiu, Tam-Kang University, Tam-Shui, Taiwan. Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut. Dr. L.W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore.
Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington,... more Visiting Scientists and Research Affiliates Dr. Kenneth Senne, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA. Dr. Arthur K. Jordan, U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Dr. Kevin O'Neill, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dr. Michael Tsuk, Digital Equipment Corporation, Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Dr. Akira Itoh, Tokyo National University of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Leung Tsang, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Dr. Tarek M. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield, Connecticut. Dr. L. W. Li, Singapore National University, Singapore. Dr. Lixin Ran, Zhejiang University, China. Dr. Fanming Kong, Shandong University, China. Dr. Hui Huang, Beijing Jiaotong University, China. Dr. Jiangtao Huangfu, Zhejiang University, China.
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure affects >30% of the hypertensive and >15% of the normote... more Salt sensitivity of blood pressure affects >30% of the hypertensive and >15% of the normotensive population. Variants of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe2 gene, SLC4A5, are associated with increased blood pressure in several ethnic groups. SLC4A5 variants are also highly associated with salt sensitivity, independent of hypertension. However, little is known about how NBCe2 contributes to salt sensitivity, although NBCe2 regulates renal tubular sodium bicarbonate transport. We hypothesized that SLC4A5 rs10177833 and rs7571842 increase NBCe2 expression and human renal proximal tubule cell (hRPTC) sodium transport and may be a cause of salt sensitivity of blood pressure. To characterize the hRPTC ion transport of wild-type (WT) and homozygous variants (HV) of SLC4A5. The expressions of NBCe2 mRNA and protein were not different between hRPTCs carrying WT or HV SLC4A5 before or after dopaminergic or angiotensin (II and III) stimulation. However, luminal to bas...
Both electrostatic and dispersive (van der Waals) forces contribute to particle adhesion, which h... more Both electrostatic and dispersive (van der Waals) forces contribute to particle adhesion, which has a significant effect on toner transfer in the electrophotographic process. Several approaches to adhesion measurements have yielded a large range of results for a variety of particle and environmental conditions. We present adhesion measurements taken in different environments using the metered air pulse method. They yield significantly different removal forces as a function of temperature for the same average particle charge. Particle deformation due to a combination of changes in particle stiffness with temperature and compressive electrostatic forces can predict the resulting adhesion increase. The morphology change is one of several factors which can contribute to the measured adhesion, which is significantly higher than values obtained by considering only the charged particle monopole and its image. Additionally, non-uniform charging in controlled adhesion experiments provides further muddling between the electrostatic and dispersive forces. This result is due to the electrostatic force having a component which is independent of the nominal charge under certain conditions. We find that the adhesion forces can be fully cubic with respect to the average particle charge, and that the components of the adhesion force may be much more difficult to decouple than previously thought.
Compound 21 (C-21) is a highly selective non-peptide angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist. To ... more Compound 21 (C-21) is a highly selective non-peptide angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) agonist. To test the hypothesis that chronic AT2R activation with C-21 induces natriuresis via an action at the renal proximal tubule (RPT) and lowers blood pressure (BP) in experimental angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension. In rats, Ang II infusion increased both sodium (Na(+)) retention and BP on Day 1 and BP remained elevated throughout the 7 day infusion period. Either intrarenal or systemic administration of C-21 prevented Ang II-mediated Na(+) retention on Day 1, induced continuously negative cumulative Na(+) balance compared with Ang II alone, and reduced BP chronically. The effects of C-21 are likely to be mediated by action on the RPT as acute systemic C-21-induced natriuresis was additive to that induced by chlorothiazide and amiloride. At 24h of Ang II infusion, AT2R activation with C-21, both intrarenally and systemically, translocated AT2Rs from intracellular sites to the apic...
Optical forces are increasingly relevant in nanoscale optical science and engineering, but optica... more Optical forces are increasingly relevant in nanoscale optical science and engineering, but optical momentum in materials is still not fully understood. It is now shown that microstructure details as well as macroscopic optical parameters are important in determining optical momentum.
Abstract. Optical forces on a Rayleigh particle near the surface of a dielectric slab waveguide a... more Abstract. Optical forces on a Rayleigh particle near the surface of a dielectric slab waveguide are considered. A light wave of the lowest-order TE0 mode is used to excite the particle. The transverse and longitudinal forces acting on the particle are studied. The particle is always trapped near the surface of the slab, where the electric field intensity is high. The particle can be pushed away from or pulled toward the light source along the surface of the slab by tuning the frequency around a switching frequency. This phenomenon switches between scattering and gradient forces near the switching frequency of the dielectric slab waveguide.
The leading formulations for the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics will be reviewed along with... more The leading formulations for the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics will be reviewed along with arguments put forward to distinguish a unique form. Implications for modeling optical dynamics will be discussed along with simple examples.
Abstract Light possesses energy and momentum within the propagating electromagnetic fields. When ... more Abstract Light possesses energy and momentum within the propagating electromagnetic fields. When electromagnetic waves enter a material, the description of energy and momentum becomes ambiguous. In spite of more than a century of development, significant confusion still exists regarding the appropriate macroscopic theory of electrodynamics required to predict experimental outcomes and develop new applications. This confusion stems from the myriad of electromagnetic force equations and expressions for the momentum density and flux. In this review, the leading formulations of electrodynamics are compared with respect to how media are modeled. This view is applied to illustrate how the combination of electromagnetic fields and material responses contribute to the continuity of energy and momentum. A number of basic conclusions are deduced with the specific aim of modeling experiments where dielectric and magnetic media are submerged in media with a differing electromagnetic response. These conclusions are applied to demonstrate applicability to optical manipulation experiments.
2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, 2007
Page 1. _____ This work was sponsored by the Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA87... more Page 1. _____ This work was sponsored by the Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors ...
Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation X, 2013
ABSTRACT Optical manipulation has allowed for an increase in understanding across scientific fiel... more ABSTRACT Optical manipulation has allowed for an increase in understanding across scientific fields including biology, chemistry, and atomic physics. Unfortunately, there is still significant debate as to how the dynamics of opticalmatter systems should be modeled. The reason for this is the myriad of formulations for the electromagnetic momentum and force density. While significant advances have been made in recent years to interpret the different formulations of electrodynamics, there remains some confusion. Most formulations include contributions from both matter and field. They may be interpreted as providing the canonical, total, or wave momentum, stress, and force. Examples include the well-known Gordon and Minkowski momenta. Conversely, it is widely accepted that the Abraham momentum of light corresponds to the kinetic subsystem. Changes in the kinetic momentum thus should provide center of mass-energy translations of matter providing a route to deriving equations of motion in optical manipulation experiments. In this paper, the idea of a kinetic formulation of electrodynamics is discussed. Consideration will be given to the three viewpoints which are most commonly argued. First, the kinetic subsystem should be postulated as a fundamental tenant of electrodynamics. Second, the kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics should not be postulated, but rather deduced by experimental and theoretical considerations. Third, a kinetic subsystem of electrodynamics cannot be uniquely defined in matter because the fields inside matter cannot be uniquely measured. Finally, it will be argued that identification of the kinetic subsystem of a particular optical manipulation experiment is not necessary nor preferred in most cases.
We present a method for approximating the potential of conducting objects due to a known electros... more We present a method for approximating the potential of conducting objects due to a known electrostatic source. The method involves averaging the incident potential over the conductor surface or volume region, which is known to give the exact value for a perfectly conducting sphere. The method is extended to spheroidal geometries, both prolate and oblate, to study the error incurred for deviations from the spherical case. Exact values for the spheroid potentials are derived and compared with those obtained by the mean value ...
Uploads