International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
Some works -- by virtue of their insightfulness, theoretical linkages, conceptual development, or... more Some works -- by virtue of their insightfulness, theoretical linkages, conceptual development, or timeliness -- have attained the stature of "classics" in the field of disaster research. This article reviews six of these works that were especially influential in shaping the questions pursued and the approaches used by disaster researchers since their publication.
Abstract : The report presents a comprehensive analysis of data on personnel confined in military... more Abstract : The report presents a comprehensive analysis of data on personnel confined in military and civilian correctional facilities. Because the sample of Army and Air Force inmates in incomplete, valid service comparisons, particularly with respect to racial discrimination within the military criminal justice system, are possible only when corrected for known differences in age and educational level of the service population. The disproportionate representation of blacks in both the military and civilian correctional institutions is well established. Clearly the military system to a large extent simply mirrors the civilian system. This is particularly apparent in terms of the effects of age, education and offense type on the ratios of blacks to whites in the inmate population, which explain many of the differences in these inmate populations but do not entirely account for service differences, so that additional section processes must be present. Within a given service and offense type no indication of any racial difference in sentence length of preconfinement practice was found.
The International City/County Management Association surveyed personnel directors in all municipa... more The International City/County Management Association surveyed personnel directors in all municipalities in the United States. Among the items on the survey were questions regarding the use of cafeteria style health care plans. This analysis examines the prevalence of cafeteria plans and the administrative issues associated with them. Very few cities use cafeteria plans for health care. Larger cities with greater numbers of employees are more likely to use such plans, as are local governments with the professional city manager form of government. Municipalities vary in perceptions of administrative complexity associated with cafeteria plans. Perceptions of increased complexity decrease as the size of the city increases. With increasing workforce diversity, cafeteria style plans will likely be an increasingly popular option.
Although many social scientists have devised classification schemes for disasters, only one class... more Although many social scientists have devised classification schemes for disasters, only one classification scheme for evacuation has been advanced (Ikle and Kincaid, 1956). Furthermore, the classification is based upon describing wartime evacuation of cities, rather than either man-made or natural disaster. In disaster it seems that two factors have a major impact upon the nature and conduct of evacuation, and these are the timing of evacuation relative to disaster impact, i.e. whether the evacuation takes place before or after the disaster, and the amount of time that evacuees are expected to spend away from their homes. The timing depends to a large degree upon whether or not the society’s level of technological sophstication has made it possible to predict the disaster.
What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , What is a disaster?: new answers to old quest... more What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Arizona State University“September 11, 2001, changed the world” has been repeated many times. The... more Arizona State University“September 11, 2001, changed the world” has been repeated many times. TheU.S.government,too,haschangedimmenselyandwillcontinuetoevolveasecu-rity conscience and response capacity for years to come. This article addresses thesituation from the standpoint of human resource management. We use publicopinionpolldatatodocumentthechangingopinionsofindividualsandchangesin the environment in which public organizations operate. The literature onhumanresponsetonaturalandtechnologicaldisastersisreviewedtogleaninfor-mation on how people respond to extreme levels of stress. This informationis sys-tematized and extrapolated to arrive at a series of behaviors that can be reason-ably expected from employees exposed to terrorist incidents. Finally, thediscussion closes with an examination of the Employee Assistance Programaslocus of expertise for mitigating problematic employee reactions to terroristincidents.Keywords: terrorism; disaster management; crisis management; employee...
International journal of mass emergencies and disasters, Aug 1, 1990
This study examined the long term patterns of protective response to the threat of volcanic erupt... more This study examined the long term patterns of protective response to the threat of volcanic eruption at Mt. St. Helens. Data collected from a sample of 103 affected residents were examined to determine the frequency of adoption and interrelationships among five actions-insurance purchase, evacuation preparation, purchase of specialized equipment, and mitigation actions for ash fall threat or for mudflow / flood threats—that could be taken to protect personal safety and property. Eight variables-hazard salience, threat knowledge, perceived risk from ashfall, perceived risk from mud flows and floods, previous damage, emergency planning, information from relatives and information from friends-were hypothesized to be associated with higher levels of hazard adjustment. All variables except those relating to information sources were found to have significant positive correlations with the level of hazard adjustment, although the regression coefficient for one variable, perceived risk from ashfall, became nonsignificant when all variables were entered into a regression equation. The results suggest directions for future research, as well as strategies that public safety officials can take to enhance the level of adjustment by the population at risk.
I. Anticipating the Unexpected as a Focus of Public Policy.- 1. Natural Hazards as Public Policy ... more I. Anticipating the Unexpected as a Focus of Public Policy.- 1. Natural Hazards as Public Policy Problems.- Natural Hazards as Candidate Problems.- Characteristics of the Public Policy System.- Overview of Policy Assisting Study Approaches.- An Integrative Model.- Conclusion.- References.- 2. Natural Hazards Characteristics and Mitigations.- Earthquake.- Landslides.- Expansive Soil.- Riverine Flooding.- Storm Surge.- Tsunami.- Tornado.- Hurricane.- Severe Wind.- Mitigation Strategies.- Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries.- References.- 3. Public Policy Approaches to Management of Natural Hazards.- The Matrix of Policy Authority.- Types of Hazard-Related Public Policies.- U.S. Federal Natural Hazard Policies and Programs.- State Land Use Policies.- State Coastal Zone Regulations.- Building Code Policy and Authority.- International Differences in Public Policies toward Natural Hazards.- Conclusion.- References.- II. Natural Hazards Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis.- 4. Methodologies for Hazard Analysis.- Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards.- Hazard-Exposure - Vulnerability Estimation.- Cost Analysis Methods.- Mitigation Cost Estimates.- Cost Feasibility Analysis.- Analysis of Social Impacts.- Conclusion.- References.- 5. Natural Hazard Exposure and Loss Analysis.- Natural Hazard Effects.- Natural Hazard Loss Analysis (1970-2000).- Referent Effects and Problems.- Cost Escalations in Catastrophic Losses.- Federal Liability for Natural Hazard Losses.- Interstate Tax Transfers Produced by Federal Liability for Natural Hazard Losses.- Interstate Tax Transfers Produced by Other Federal Policies.- Conclusion.- References.- 6. Natural Hazard Mitigation Costs and Impacts.- Estimate of Losses for Year.- Alternative Mitigation Strategies.- Loss Reduction Analysis.- Cost Analysis.- Economic Payoffs from Major Mitigation Groups.- Social Payoffs from Major Mitigation Groups.- Conclusion.- References.- 7. Catastrophic Natural Hazard Occurrences.- Approach to Scenario Development.- Camille II.- San Francisco Earthquake II.- Other Scenarios.- References.- III. Natural Hazards Policy Planning and Administration.- 8. Policy Makers, Stakeholders, and Candidate Public Problems.- The Plight of the Policy Maker.- Stakeholders in Natural Hazard Policy.- Candidate Public Problems.- Establishing Priorities.- Federal Role.- Conclusion.- References.- 9. Constraints on Public Hazards Management Policy Making.- Legal Constraints.- Sociopolitical Constraints.- Value Constraints.- Administrative Constraints.- Economic Constraints.- Federal Constraints on State and Local Decision Making.- Conclusion.- References.- 10. Public Policy Alternatives.- The Policy Options.- The Policy Plan.- Action Possibilities for the Federal Government.- Action Possibilities for State Governments.- Action Possibilities for Local Units of Government.- Action Possibilities for Private Entities.- The Problem of Future Policy Making.- References.
Lindell, Michael K.; Prater, Carla S.; Ronald W. Perry; Nicholson, Willian C..July, 2006.재난 관리 총론... more Lindell, Michael K.; Prater, Carla S.; Ronald W. Perry; Nicholson, Willian C..July, 2006.재난 관리 총론(Fundamentals of emergency management),Reports,경기도국토연구원(도시재생지원센터),창조적 도시재생 시리즈/29,754
Page 1. Page 2. LAST HEAD i Page 3. Page 4. Introduction to Emergency Management Michael K. Linde... more Page 1. Page 2. LAST HEAD i Page 3. Page 4. Introduction to Emergency Management Michael K. Lindell, Carla Prater, and Ronald W. Perry Page 5. Credits Publisher Anne Smith Development Editor Laura Town Marketing Manager ...
International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters
Some works -- by virtue of their insightfulness, theoretical linkages, conceptual development, or... more Some works -- by virtue of their insightfulness, theoretical linkages, conceptual development, or timeliness -- have attained the stature of "classics" in the field of disaster research. This article reviews six of these works that were especially influential in shaping the questions pursued and the approaches used by disaster researchers since their publication.
Abstract : The report presents a comprehensive analysis of data on personnel confined in military... more Abstract : The report presents a comprehensive analysis of data on personnel confined in military and civilian correctional facilities. Because the sample of Army and Air Force inmates in incomplete, valid service comparisons, particularly with respect to racial discrimination within the military criminal justice system, are possible only when corrected for known differences in age and educational level of the service population. The disproportionate representation of blacks in both the military and civilian correctional institutions is well established. Clearly the military system to a large extent simply mirrors the civilian system. This is particularly apparent in terms of the effects of age, education and offense type on the ratios of blacks to whites in the inmate population, which explain many of the differences in these inmate populations but do not entirely account for service differences, so that additional section processes must be present. Within a given service and offense type no indication of any racial difference in sentence length of preconfinement practice was found.
The International City/County Management Association surveyed personnel directors in all municipa... more The International City/County Management Association surveyed personnel directors in all municipalities in the United States. Among the items on the survey were questions regarding the use of cafeteria style health care plans. This analysis examines the prevalence of cafeteria plans and the administrative issues associated with them. Very few cities use cafeteria plans for health care. Larger cities with greater numbers of employees are more likely to use such plans, as are local governments with the professional city manager form of government. Municipalities vary in perceptions of administrative complexity associated with cafeteria plans. Perceptions of increased complexity decrease as the size of the city increases. With increasing workforce diversity, cafeteria style plans will likely be an increasingly popular option.
Although many social scientists have devised classification schemes for disasters, only one class... more Although many social scientists have devised classification schemes for disasters, only one classification scheme for evacuation has been advanced (Ikle and Kincaid, 1956). Furthermore, the classification is based upon describing wartime evacuation of cities, rather than either man-made or natural disaster. In disaster it seems that two factors have a major impact upon the nature and conduct of evacuation, and these are the timing of evacuation relative to disaster impact, i.e. whether the evacuation takes place before or after the disaster, and the amount of time that evacuees are expected to spend away from their homes. The timing depends to a large degree upon whether or not the society’s level of technological sophstication has made it possible to predict the disaster.
What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , What is a disaster?: new answers to old quest... more What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , What is a disaster?: new answers to old questions , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Arizona State University“September 11, 2001, changed the world” has been repeated many times. The... more Arizona State University“September 11, 2001, changed the world” has been repeated many times. TheU.S.government,too,haschangedimmenselyandwillcontinuetoevolveasecu-rity conscience and response capacity for years to come. This article addresses thesituation from the standpoint of human resource management. We use publicopinionpolldatatodocumentthechangingopinionsofindividualsandchangesin the environment in which public organizations operate. The literature onhumanresponsetonaturalandtechnologicaldisastersisreviewedtogleaninfor-mation on how people respond to extreme levels of stress. This informationis sys-tematized and extrapolated to arrive at a series of behaviors that can be reason-ably expected from employees exposed to terrorist incidents. Finally, thediscussion closes with an examination of the Employee Assistance Programaslocus of expertise for mitigating problematic employee reactions to terroristincidents.Keywords: terrorism; disaster management; crisis management; employee...
International journal of mass emergencies and disasters, Aug 1, 1990
This study examined the long term patterns of protective response to the threat of volcanic erupt... more This study examined the long term patterns of protective response to the threat of volcanic eruption at Mt. St. Helens. Data collected from a sample of 103 affected residents were examined to determine the frequency of adoption and interrelationships among five actions-insurance purchase, evacuation preparation, purchase of specialized equipment, and mitigation actions for ash fall threat or for mudflow / flood threats—that could be taken to protect personal safety and property. Eight variables-hazard salience, threat knowledge, perceived risk from ashfall, perceived risk from mud flows and floods, previous damage, emergency planning, information from relatives and information from friends-were hypothesized to be associated with higher levels of hazard adjustment. All variables except those relating to information sources were found to have significant positive correlations with the level of hazard adjustment, although the regression coefficient for one variable, perceived risk from ashfall, became nonsignificant when all variables were entered into a regression equation. The results suggest directions for future research, as well as strategies that public safety officials can take to enhance the level of adjustment by the population at risk.
I. Anticipating the Unexpected as a Focus of Public Policy.- 1. Natural Hazards as Public Policy ... more I. Anticipating the Unexpected as a Focus of Public Policy.- 1. Natural Hazards as Public Policy Problems.- Natural Hazards as Candidate Problems.- Characteristics of the Public Policy System.- Overview of Policy Assisting Study Approaches.- An Integrative Model.- Conclusion.- References.- 2. Natural Hazards Characteristics and Mitigations.- Earthquake.- Landslides.- Expansive Soil.- Riverine Flooding.- Storm Surge.- Tsunami.- Tornado.- Hurricane.- Severe Wind.- Mitigation Strategies.- Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries.- References.- 3. Public Policy Approaches to Management of Natural Hazards.- The Matrix of Policy Authority.- Types of Hazard-Related Public Policies.- U.S. Federal Natural Hazard Policies and Programs.- State Land Use Policies.- State Coastal Zone Regulations.- Building Code Policy and Authority.- International Differences in Public Policies toward Natural Hazards.- Conclusion.- References.- II. Natural Hazards Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis.- 4. Methodologies for Hazard Analysis.- Risk Analysis of Natural Hazards.- Hazard-Exposure - Vulnerability Estimation.- Cost Analysis Methods.- Mitigation Cost Estimates.- Cost Feasibility Analysis.- Analysis of Social Impacts.- Conclusion.- References.- 5. Natural Hazard Exposure and Loss Analysis.- Natural Hazard Effects.- Natural Hazard Loss Analysis (1970-2000).- Referent Effects and Problems.- Cost Escalations in Catastrophic Losses.- Federal Liability for Natural Hazard Losses.- Interstate Tax Transfers Produced by Federal Liability for Natural Hazard Losses.- Interstate Tax Transfers Produced by Other Federal Policies.- Conclusion.- References.- 6. Natural Hazard Mitigation Costs and Impacts.- Estimate of Losses for Year.- Alternative Mitigation Strategies.- Loss Reduction Analysis.- Cost Analysis.- Economic Payoffs from Major Mitigation Groups.- Social Payoffs from Major Mitigation Groups.- Conclusion.- References.- 7. Catastrophic Natural Hazard Occurrences.- Approach to Scenario Development.- Camille II.- San Francisco Earthquake II.- Other Scenarios.- References.- III. Natural Hazards Policy Planning and Administration.- 8. Policy Makers, Stakeholders, and Candidate Public Problems.- The Plight of the Policy Maker.- Stakeholders in Natural Hazard Policy.- Candidate Public Problems.- Establishing Priorities.- Federal Role.- Conclusion.- References.- 9. Constraints on Public Hazards Management Policy Making.- Legal Constraints.- Sociopolitical Constraints.- Value Constraints.- Administrative Constraints.- Economic Constraints.- Federal Constraints on State and Local Decision Making.- Conclusion.- References.- 10. Public Policy Alternatives.- The Policy Options.- The Policy Plan.- Action Possibilities for the Federal Government.- Action Possibilities for State Governments.- Action Possibilities for Local Units of Government.- Action Possibilities for Private Entities.- The Problem of Future Policy Making.- References.
Lindell, Michael K.; Prater, Carla S.; Ronald W. Perry; Nicholson, Willian C..July, 2006.재난 관리 총론... more Lindell, Michael K.; Prater, Carla S.; Ronald W. Perry; Nicholson, Willian C..July, 2006.재난 관리 총론(Fundamentals of emergency management),Reports,경기도국토연구원(도시재생지원센터),창조적 도시재생 시리즈/29,754
Page 1. Page 2. LAST HEAD i Page 3. Page 4. Introduction to Emergency Management Michael K. Linde... more Page 1. Page 2. LAST HEAD i Page 3. Page 4. Introduction to Emergency Management Michael K. Lindell, Carla Prater, and Ronald W. Perry Page 5. Credits Publisher Anne Smith Development Editor Laura Town Marketing Manager ...
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