Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Volume 33, 2001
... J. Duckitt, Right wing authoritarianism among white South African students: Its measurement a... more ... J. Duckitt, Right wing authoritarianism among white South African students: Its measurement and correlates ... Ellemers, The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies ... A. Guelke, Dissecting the South African miracle, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2 ...
Although Sumner's ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be... more Although Sumner's ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be associated with more negative outgroup attitudes, has been widely accepted, empirical findings have been inconsistent. This research investigates the relationship of four dimensions of ethnocultural group identification previously proposed by Phinney, that is, salience, evaluation, attachment, and involvement, with attitudes to ethnic outgroups in four South African ethnocultural groups (Africans, Afrikaans Whites, English Whites, Indians). The findings supported the factorial independence of the four identification dimensions and indicated that only one, ethnocultural evaluation (ingroup attitudes), was systematically related to outgroup attitudes, but the association could be positive, negative, or zero. Both functionalist and similarity-dissimilarity approaches to intergroup relations seemed to provide plausible explanations for the pattern of relationships obtained between ingroup a...
Research on the concept of symbolic or modern racism has shown that transparent and obvious measu... more Research on the concept of symbolic or modern racism has shown that transparent and obvious measures of traditional racism no longer adequately reflect racial prejudice in many American sub-populations. There are indications that this may also be the case for certain segments of the white South African population, particularly in the case of university students who have been the typical subjects of research on prejudice. Traditional measures of prejudice may also be viewed as offensive by subjects and elicit antagonistic reactions. The present study therefore set out to develop and validate a new, more indirect, and subtle measure of anti-black racial prejudice designed to overcome these problems. The results ( N = 217) indicated that the Subtle Racism scale was unidimensional, highly reliable, and showed powerful associations with a number of validity criteria. It clearly outperformed a more traditional measure of racism in all respects.
Obvious and transparent measures of traditional racism no longer appear to adequately assess anti... more Obvious and transparent measures of traditional racism no longer appear to adequately assess anti-black prejudice in more sophisticated samples. This, together with a growing tendency for traditional measures to elicit antagonistic responses from subjects, led in an earlier study to the development and preliminary validation of a South African subtle racism (SR) scale. The current research used a new sample, in which the use of traditional measures of anti-black racism would have been very difficult, to cross-validate the SR scale. It also extended the validation of the SR scale by investigating its association with self-reports of actual interracial behaviour. The findings from 303 white students at the University of the Witwatersrand showed a high level of internal consistency on the SR scale, and a strong correlation with an interracial behavioural intention scale. These findings as well as significant correlations with self-reported interracial behaviour support the validity of ...
Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2004, Vol 49(4), 470–472. R... more Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2004, Vol 49(4), 470–472. Reviews the book by Gibson and Gouws (see record 2002-06372-000) which describes the findings of a major survey-based research investigation of the prospects for democracy in South Africa. The authors go beyond just documenting the extent and nature of intolerance in South Africa. Their research also examines the possibilities of change: what the political culture of South Africa might become. Overall, this book makes important contributions to the study of political culture and political tolerance. It extends well-established western findings in an emerging and still fragile new democracy, but also makes important new contributions to theory and research. Its pioneering findings linking threat perception and group identities are particularly intriguing, even though the empirical evidence is still tentative. All in all, the book provides an excellent illustration of how good social science can contribute to theory, research, and our practical understanding of politics and society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
This research took a person× situation approach to predicting prejudice by looking at how social ... more This research took a person× situation approach to predicting prejudice by looking at how social worldviews interact with real-world environmental factors to predict how people respond to immigrants within their local area. Taking a Dual Process Motivational approach, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of immigrants in the local community would be associated with negative attitudes toward immigration for respondents high in dangerous world beliefs. Conversely, we hypothesized that living in a highly affluent (as opposed to ...
Intergroup contact is among the most effective ways to improve intergroup attitudes. Research exa... more Intergroup contact is among the most effective ways to improve intergroup attitudes. Research examining whether the effects of contact are contingent on individual differences is limited, however. The authors test a dual process model perspective of individual differences in contact and prejudice. Their model predicts that intergroup contact should be particularly effective for people high in right-wing authoritarianism, but not those high in social dominance orientation, because these ideological attitudes are driven by different underlying motivational goals. The authors confirm these hypotheses in longitudinal ( N = 805) and cross-sectional ( N = 1,343) national probability samples. They also isolate perceived social threat, but not competitive threat, as a mediator for the interaction of right-wing authoritarianism and contact on prejudice. The authors elaborate on the individual difference mechanisms that facilitate and inhibit the effects of intergroup contact on prejudice and...
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Volume 33, 2001
... J. Duckitt, Right wing authoritarianism among white South African students: Its measurement a... more ... J. Duckitt, Right wing authoritarianism among white South African students: Its measurement and correlates ... Ellemers, The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies ... A. Guelke, Dissecting the South African miracle, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2 ...
Although Sumner's ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be... more Although Sumner's ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be associated with more negative outgroup attitudes, has been widely accepted, empirical findings have been inconsistent. This research investigates the relationship of four dimensions of ethnocultural group identification previously proposed by Phinney, that is, salience, evaluation, attachment, and involvement, with attitudes to ethnic outgroups in four South African ethnocultural groups (Africans, Afrikaans Whites, English Whites, Indians). The findings supported the factorial independence of the four identification dimensions and indicated that only one, ethnocultural evaluation (ingroup attitudes), was systematically related to outgroup attitudes, but the association could be positive, negative, or zero. Both functionalist and similarity-dissimilarity approaches to intergroup relations seemed to provide plausible explanations for the pattern of relationships obtained between ingroup a...
Research on the concept of symbolic or modern racism has shown that transparent and obvious measu... more Research on the concept of symbolic or modern racism has shown that transparent and obvious measures of traditional racism no longer adequately reflect racial prejudice in many American sub-populations. There are indications that this may also be the case for certain segments of the white South African population, particularly in the case of university students who have been the typical subjects of research on prejudice. Traditional measures of prejudice may also be viewed as offensive by subjects and elicit antagonistic reactions. The present study therefore set out to develop and validate a new, more indirect, and subtle measure of anti-black racial prejudice designed to overcome these problems. The results ( N = 217) indicated that the Subtle Racism scale was unidimensional, highly reliable, and showed powerful associations with a number of validity criteria. It clearly outperformed a more traditional measure of racism in all respects.
Obvious and transparent measures of traditional racism no longer appear to adequately assess anti... more Obvious and transparent measures of traditional racism no longer appear to adequately assess anti-black prejudice in more sophisticated samples. This, together with a growing tendency for traditional measures to elicit antagonistic responses from subjects, led in an earlier study to the development and preliminary validation of a South African subtle racism (SR) scale. The current research used a new sample, in which the use of traditional measures of anti-black racism would have been very difficult, to cross-validate the SR scale. It also extended the validation of the SR scale by investigating its association with self-reports of actual interracial behaviour. The findings from 303 white students at the University of the Witwatersrand showed a high level of internal consistency on the SR scale, and a strong correlation with an interracial behavioural intention scale. These findings as well as significant correlations with self-reported interracial behaviour support the validity of ...
Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2004, Vol 49(4), 470–472. R... more Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2004, Vol 49(4), 470–472. Reviews the book by Gibson and Gouws (see record 2002-06372-000) which describes the findings of a major survey-based research investigation of the prospects for democracy in South Africa. The authors go beyond just documenting the extent and nature of intolerance in South Africa. Their research also examines the possibilities of change: what the political culture of South Africa might become. Overall, this book makes important contributions to the study of political culture and political tolerance. It extends well-established western findings in an emerging and still fragile new democracy, but also makes important new contributions to theory and research. Its pioneering findings linking threat perception and group identities are particularly intriguing, even though the empirical evidence is still tentative. All in all, the book provides an excellent illustration of how good social science can contribute to theory, research, and our practical understanding of politics and society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
This research took a person× situation approach to predicting prejudice by looking at how social ... more This research took a person× situation approach to predicting prejudice by looking at how social worldviews interact with real-world environmental factors to predict how people respond to immigrants within their local area. Taking a Dual Process Motivational approach, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of immigrants in the local community would be associated with negative attitudes toward immigration for respondents high in dangerous world beliefs. Conversely, we hypothesized that living in a highly affluent (as opposed to ...
Intergroup contact is among the most effective ways to improve intergroup attitudes. Research exa... more Intergroup contact is among the most effective ways to improve intergroup attitudes. Research examining whether the effects of contact are contingent on individual differences is limited, however. The authors test a dual process model perspective of individual differences in contact and prejudice. Their model predicts that intergroup contact should be particularly effective for people high in right-wing authoritarianism, but not those high in social dominance orientation, because these ideological attitudes are driven by different underlying motivational goals. The authors confirm these hypotheses in longitudinal ( N = 805) and cross-sectional ( N = 1,343) national probability samples. They also isolate perceived social threat, but not competitive threat, as a mediator for the interaction of right-wing authoritarianism and contact on prejudice. The authors elaborate on the individual difference mechanisms that facilitate and inhibit the effects of intergroup contact on prejudice and...
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