Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018
The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate... more The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LDof CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment...
Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects peop... more Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects people more than any other natural disaster due to its widespread and significant negative impacts. Population growth and associated water demand add further stress on water resources, especially in periods of drought. Drought indices represent a single value resulting from processing a considerable amount of data. These indices provide a short message to stakeholders to adapt water resource management strategies. Since drought results from interconnected phenomena, designing a composite drought index that includes several drought indices can accurately capture drought events. Drought assessment over a large-scale basin (e.g., the Blue Nile) is a challenging objective that has not been deeply tackled before except for small portions of the basin. This paper assessed droughts over the whole basin by evaluating meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought indices. The calculated drou...
The current study was undertaken to explain the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of penconazole ... more The current study was undertaken to explain the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of penconazole (PEN) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide in male rats. Rats (N=10/group) were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight PEN orally for 24 h, 48 h and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days and the control animals were administered distilled water only. Chlorpyrifos exposed groups received 39 mg/kg body weight for 24 h and 48 h and 8 mg/kg body weight for 30 days by oral gavage and the control group was received corn oil. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count. Bone marrow was flushed from the femur bones for chromosomal aberration (CA) and comet assay. Spleen samples were preserved in 10% formalin for histological examination. The level of DNA damage was measured using DNA damage index. The results showed that PEN and CPF caused significant hematological changes, significant increase in DNA damage index and increased the number of nuclei with I, II, III and IV degrees of dam...
Dimethoate (DM) and Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) are commonly used insecticides. Human being and farm... more Dimethoate (DM) and Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) are commonly used insecticides. Human being and farm animals are expected to have acute toxicity. The present work aimed to explore the effect of acute exposure to DM and LCT on hematological parameters and to detect DNA damage in bone marrow of Sprague Dawley rats using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Thirty animals were divided into three groups of ten rats each. LCT group administered 26 mg/kg body weight, DM group administered 103 mg/kg body weight orally for 24 and 48 hours, while the control group received the vehicle only. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis, bone marrow was flushed from the femur bone for comet assay and spleen samples were preserved in formalin for histopathological examination. Results showed minor changes in blood profile in all exposed groups associated with mild changes in histology of spleen tissue. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay in bone ...
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and phys... more Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group ...
In dogs, splenectomy is mandatory as an emergency following splenic rupture with resultant hemope... more In dogs, splenectomy is mandatory as an emergency following splenic rupture with resultant hemoperitoneum and hypotensive shock. The present work aimed to evaluate the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of brachial and femoral veins in splenectomized dogs and to investigate the effect of splenectomy on the coagulation and lipid profiles. A total number of 9 dogs underwent clinical, abdominal ultrasonographic and laboratory examinations prior to the surgical operation and kept for 60-day observation period post-splenectomy. Follow-up ultrasonography revealed no serious complications post-splenectomy. Both brachial and femoral veins were imaged medial to their corresponding arteries. Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of both veins showed no significant changes throughout the study period (P > 0.05). Haematological analysis revealed development of anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis in dogs post-splenectomy. Coagulation profile exhibited no significant variations in prothrom...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk metastasizing tumor with a poor prognosis and poorly un... more Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk metastasizing tumor with a poor prognosis and poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 1 (TMIGD1) is a novel tumor suppressor that is highly expressed in normal renal tubular epithelial cells, but it is downregulated in human renal cancer. We have identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ, also called LAP) as a key transcriptional regulator of TMIGD1, whose loss of expression is responsible for downregulation of TMIGD1 in RCC. Transcriptionally active C/EBPβ/LAP physically interacted with and increased TMIGD1 promoter activity and expression of TMIGD1. Re-introduction of TMIGD1 into renal tumor cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastatic behaviors such as morphogenic branching and cell migration. Restoring TMIGD1 expression in renal tumor cells stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAK, induced expression of p21CIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ...
Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 28, 2017
To develop mucoadhesive tablets for the vaginal delivery of progesterone (P4) to overcome its low... more To develop mucoadhesive tablets for the vaginal delivery of progesterone (P4) to overcome its low oral bioavailability resulting from drug hydrophobicity and extensive hepatic metabolism. The tablets were prepared using mixtures of P4/Pluronic® F-127 solid dispersion and different mucoadhesive polymers. The tablets were evaluated for physical properties, swelling index, mucoadhesive properties and drug release kinetics. P4 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were evaluated in female rabbits and compared with vaginal micronized P4 tablets and intramuscular (IM) P4 injection, respectively. The tablets had satisfactory physical properties and their swelling, in vitro mucoadhesion force and ex vivo mucoadhesion time were dependent on tablet composition. Highest swelling index and mucoadhesion time were detected for tablets containing 20% chitosan-10% alginate mixture. Most tablets exhibited burst release (∼25%) during the first 2 h followed by sustained release for ∼48 h. In ...
Three gram positive bacterial isolates, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus licheniform... more Three gram positive bacterial isolates, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans and Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius were grown at 20, 35, and 50 o C then subjected to cellular fatty acids analysis. Although in different amounts, the fatty acids (10:0), (12:0), (14:0), (16:0) and (17:0) were detected in cells of the three bacterial isolates obtained from all the incubation temperatures. Increasing temperature from 20 to 50 o C raised the proportion of the saturated fatty acids by 26.10%, 09.89% and 29.61% in B. licheniformis, B. circulans and G. thermoglucosidasius, respectively. Cellular protein contents and protein banding pattern on SDS-PAGE of the three isolates were estimated at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C. The highest amount of protein concentration in all isolates was obtained at 20ºC. In contrast, the highest number of protein bands was not obtained from these treatments.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018
The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate... more The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LDof CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment...
Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects peop... more Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects people more than any other natural disaster due to its widespread and significant negative impacts. Population growth and associated water demand add further stress on water resources, especially in periods of drought. Drought indices represent a single value resulting from processing a considerable amount of data. These indices provide a short message to stakeholders to adapt water resource management strategies. Since drought results from interconnected phenomena, designing a composite drought index that includes several drought indices can accurately capture drought events. Drought assessment over a large-scale basin (e.g., the Blue Nile) is a challenging objective that has not been deeply tackled before except for small portions of the basin. This paper assessed droughts over the whole basin by evaluating meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought indices. The calculated drou...
The current study was undertaken to explain the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of penconazole ... more The current study was undertaken to explain the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of penconazole (PEN) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide in male rats. Rats (N=10/group) were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight PEN orally for 24 h, 48 h and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days and the control animals were administered distilled water only. Chlorpyrifos exposed groups received 39 mg/kg body weight for 24 h and 48 h and 8 mg/kg body weight for 30 days by oral gavage and the control group was received corn oil. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count. Bone marrow was flushed from the femur bones for chromosomal aberration (CA) and comet assay. Spleen samples were preserved in 10% formalin for histological examination. The level of DNA damage was measured using DNA damage index. The results showed that PEN and CPF caused significant hematological changes, significant increase in DNA damage index and increased the number of nuclei with I, II, III and IV degrees of dam...
Dimethoate (DM) and Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) are commonly used insecticides. Human being and farm... more Dimethoate (DM) and Lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) are commonly used insecticides. Human being and farm animals are expected to have acute toxicity. The present work aimed to explore the effect of acute exposure to DM and LCT on hematological parameters and to detect DNA damage in bone marrow of Sprague Dawley rats using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Thirty animals were divided into three groups of ten rats each. LCT group administered 26 mg/kg body weight, DM group administered 103 mg/kg body weight orally for 24 and 48 hours, while the control group received the vehicle only. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis, bone marrow was flushed from the femur bone for comet assay and spleen samples were preserved in formalin for histopathological examination. Results showed minor changes in blood profile in all exposed groups associated with mild changes in histology of spleen tissue. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay in bone ...
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and phys... more Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group ...
In dogs, splenectomy is mandatory as an emergency following splenic rupture with resultant hemope... more In dogs, splenectomy is mandatory as an emergency following splenic rupture with resultant hemoperitoneum and hypotensive shock. The present work aimed to evaluate the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of brachial and femoral veins in splenectomized dogs and to investigate the effect of splenectomy on the coagulation and lipid profiles. A total number of 9 dogs underwent clinical, abdominal ultrasonographic and laboratory examinations prior to the surgical operation and kept for 60-day observation period post-splenectomy. Follow-up ultrasonography revealed no serious complications post-splenectomy. Both brachial and femoral veins were imaged medial to their corresponding arteries. Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of both veins showed no significant changes throughout the study period (P > 0.05). Haematological analysis revealed development of anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis in dogs post-splenectomy. Coagulation profile exhibited no significant variations in prothrom...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk metastasizing tumor with a poor prognosis and poorly un... more Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk metastasizing tumor with a poor prognosis and poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 1 (TMIGD1) is a novel tumor suppressor that is highly expressed in normal renal tubular epithelial cells, but it is downregulated in human renal cancer. We have identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ, also called LAP) as a key transcriptional regulator of TMIGD1, whose loss of expression is responsible for downregulation of TMIGD1 in RCC. Transcriptionally active C/EBPβ/LAP physically interacted with and increased TMIGD1 promoter activity and expression of TMIGD1. Re-introduction of TMIGD1 into renal tumor cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastatic behaviors such as morphogenic branching and cell migration. Restoring TMIGD1 expression in renal tumor cells stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAK, induced expression of p21CIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ...
Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 28, 2017
To develop mucoadhesive tablets for the vaginal delivery of progesterone (P4) to overcome its low... more To develop mucoadhesive tablets for the vaginal delivery of progesterone (P4) to overcome its low oral bioavailability resulting from drug hydrophobicity and extensive hepatic metabolism. The tablets were prepared using mixtures of P4/Pluronic® F-127 solid dispersion and different mucoadhesive polymers. The tablets were evaluated for physical properties, swelling index, mucoadhesive properties and drug release kinetics. P4 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were evaluated in female rabbits and compared with vaginal micronized P4 tablets and intramuscular (IM) P4 injection, respectively. The tablets had satisfactory physical properties and their swelling, in vitro mucoadhesion force and ex vivo mucoadhesion time were dependent on tablet composition. Highest swelling index and mucoadhesion time were detected for tablets containing 20% chitosan-10% alginate mixture. Most tablets exhibited burst release (∼25%) during the first 2 h followed by sustained release for ∼48 h. In ...
Three gram positive bacterial isolates, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus licheniform... more Three gram positive bacterial isolates, isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans and Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius were grown at 20, 35, and 50 o C then subjected to cellular fatty acids analysis. Although in different amounts, the fatty acids (10:0), (12:0), (14:0), (16:0) and (17:0) were detected in cells of the three bacterial isolates obtained from all the incubation temperatures. Increasing temperature from 20 to 50 o C raised the proportion of the saturated fatty acids by 26.10%, 09.89% and 29.61% in B. licheniformis, B. circulans and G. thermoglucosidasius, respectively. Cellular protein contents and protein banding pattern on SDS-PAGE of the three isolates were estimated at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C. The highest amount of protein concentration in all isolates was obtained at 20ºC. In contrast, the highest number of protein bands was not obtained from these treatments.
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