The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the ove... more The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the overall feasibility of an entire system. In this paper, the basic theory behind wireless power transfer and the required components is analyzed, showing how design aspects, power pad physical dimensions, height and vertical displacement affect the results. Two coil geometries are analyzed and investigated in this work and their coupling characteristics and misalignment tolerance are studied and compared. This study aims at the design and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations of the inductive link to maximize Figure-of-merit (kQ) and improve misalignment tolerance. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which Double $\mathrm{D}$ coils are considered for primary and secondary charging pads provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at various misalignment conditions up to + / - 800 mm, and up to 30 cm air gap.
Boosting the performance of energy management systems (EMSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) helps enc... more Boosting the performance of energy management systems (EMSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) helps encourage their mass adoption by addressing range anxiety concerns. Acknowledging the higher power densities of supercapacitors (SCs) compared to those of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs, this work proposes an optimal sizing and energy management strategy of a hierarchical hybrid energy storage system (H-HESS). In this system, the SCs are voltage-controlled to solely provide the current requirements of an EV motor during urban driving cycles with frequent accelerations and decelerations, while the EV battery recharges the depleted SCs. The proposed H-HESS is modeled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink, and its performance is compared to that of a traditional battery-only energy storage system (BESS). Simulation results reveal that this H-HESS system offers a 55.7% peak current reduction and ≈+2% improvement in battery loss of capacity in comparison with BESS. A pulsed battery di...
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)
The pursuit of lower vehicle emissions has allowed the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) to... more The pursuit of lower vehicle emissions has allowed the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) to rapidly increase, which has motivated researchers to develop several charging techniques, aiming to minimize the charging downtime and reduce the range anxiety of EV drivers. Of those techniques, dynamic wireless charging (DWC) has gained significant traction due to the substantial amount of work that has been done in wireless charging. However, with DWC, some unforeseen challenges have risen. These include identifying the optimum locations of those DWCs with the objective of maximizing the system efficiency while minimizing the system cost by minimizing the required lengths of charging lanes. This paper focuses on formulating the deployment optimization problem to find the optimum locations, along with the optimum length of DWC lanes at each location, by utilizing traffic simulations and non-linear optimization methods, aiming to maximize the total energy transfer of the system while meeting a given budget.
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)
The energy consumption pattern of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank in Electric Vehicles (EVs... more The energy consumption pattern of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank in Electric Vehicles (EVs) exhibits rapid fluctuations for different driving cycles, leading to battery degradation and shortening its lifetime. This paper presents an energy management strategy for a hybrid EV energy storage system (HESS) that integrates the EV battery with a bank of supercapacitors (SC), aiming to reduce the degradation rate of EV batteries. The presented work uses data from driving simulations conducted on Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator tool for a low-speed zone, particularly a university campus. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation is conducted for the proposed energy management strategy to demonstrate how the system manages the energy flow between the battery and the supercapacitors. Results reveal that the proposed model is able to reduce the EV battery temperature and hence reduce its degradation by approximately 50% compared to the situation when the Li-ion battery is solely used.
2019 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA), 2019
In order to maximize the inductive link efficiency in wireless electric vehicle chargers, a ferri... more In order to maximize the inductive link efficiency in wireless electric vehicle chargers, a ferrite layer is added to improve the coupling performance and reduce the leakage of flux to the surrounding ferrous materials. The geometry of ferrite directly affects the self and mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coils and accordingly their coupling factor. Three ferrite geometries are investigated in this work and their coupling behavior is studied and compared to that of a ferrite sheet. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which ferrite bars are aligned perpendicular to the current conduction path provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at perfect alignment conditions over a range of air gaps from 10 cm to 30 cm, while having the smallest ferrite surface area. Hence, this geometry is recommended to be used for closely aligned rectangular EV coupling coils.
2020 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2020
Due to the inherent misalignment variations in wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, p... more Due to the inherent misalignment variations in wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, particularly in dynamic charging modes, it is essential to acknowledge the misalignment performance in the design and optimization of the coupling coils and the shielding layers. In this work, a heuristic inductive link design approach is presented, in which the coupling performance of rectangular RIPT coils is evaluated over a range of lateral misalignments for different coil parameters and shielding layer thickness. Accordingly, recommendations are made on the inductive link design that provides good coupling behavior, sufficiently high power transfer efficiency and effective shielding performance over a wide range of lateral misalignments.
2020 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS), 2020
This paper aims to assess the enhancements of the electric vehicle (EV) energy storage systems by... more This paper aims to assess the enhancements of the electric vehicle (EV) energy storage systems by hybridizing Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery with a supercapacitor, based on their operation efficiency and the aging of the overall storage system. The hybrid energy storage system brings desired improvements due to the high power density and small internal resistance of supercapacitors. However, the energy density of a supercapacitor is lower than that of a typical EV battery, making the combination of the two storage systems a promising breakthrough to increase both EV mileage and battery lifetime. Accordingly, MATLAB/Simulink tools are used in this work to set-up simulation scenarios to investigate the operation of the proposed hybrid storage system.
In order to design a high efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system, the design... more In order to design a high efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system, the design of the different system components needs to be optimized, particularly the design of a high-coupling, misalignment-tolerant inductive link (IL), comprising primary and secondary charging coils. Different coil geometries can be utilized for the primary and the secondary sides, each with a set of advantages and drawbacks in terms of weight, cost, coupling at perfect alignment and coupling at lateral misalignments. In this work, a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based systematic approach for the design of double-D (DD) charging coils is presented in detail. In particular, this paper studies the effect of different coil parameters, namely the number of turns and the turn-to-turn spacing, on the coupling performance of the IL at perfect alignment and at ±200 mm lateral misalignment, given a set of space constraints. The proposed design is verified by an experimental prototype to validate the acc...
2020 6th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2020
The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the ove... more The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the overall feasibility of an entire system. In this paper, the basic theory behind wireless power transfer and the required components is analyzed, showing how design aspects, power pad physical dimensions, height and vertical displacement affect the results. Two coil geometries are analyzed and investigated in this work and their coupling characteristics and misalignment tolerance are studied and compared. This study aims at the design and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations of the inductive link to maximize Figure-of-merit (kQ) and improve misalignment tolerance. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which Double $\mathrm{D}$ coils are considered for primary and secondary charging pads provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at various misalignment conditions up to + / - 800 mm, and up to 30 cm air gap.
2019 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA), 2019
The concept of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) enables electric vehicles (EVs) to charge w... more The concept of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) enables electric vehicles (EVs) to charge while in motion. In order to efficiently perform wireless charging, the magnetic coupling between the transmitter and receiver coils should be maintained at all times even when the EV is moving. Therefore, in this paper, the study of system efficiency over different coupling conditions is conducted to observe the performance of the DWPT system at different operating frequencies. The impact of loading conditions on the efficiency of the DWPT system is also analyzed and discussed. The conducted analysis reveals that the higher the resonant frequency, the better is the system performance in terms of maintaining high power transfer efficiencies over a wide range of loading and coupling conditions.
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2021
Due to the inherent misalignment variations in dynamic wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging sy... more Due to the inherent misalignment variations in dynamic wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, it is essential to implement effective misalignment detection and correction techniques to maximize the amount of energy received by the EV. A misalignment detection system consists of detector coils or sensors, and the corresponding detection circuitry. In this work, the design details of the auxiliary misalignment detection coils are presented. In particular, the paper investigates the effect of the number of turns of the auxiliary coils, their turn-to-turn spacing, and their positions relative to the edges of the secondary coil, on their lateral misalignment detection capability. Based on the conducted simulations, it is observed that increasing the number of turns as well as the turn-to-turn spacing of the auxiliary coils both significantly improve their misalignment detection capability by improving the resultant mutual inductance variations with lateral misalignments. Also, the optimal position of the auxiliary coils is determined to be 200 mm from both edges of the secondary coil.
The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the ove... more The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the overall feasibility of an entire system. In this paper, the basic theory behind wireless power transfer and the required components is analyzed, showing how design aspects, power pad physical dimensions, height and vertical displacement affect the results. Two coil geometries are analyzed and investigated in this work and their coupling characteristics and misalignment tolerance are studied and compared. This study aims at the design and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations of the inductive link to maximize Figure-of-merit (kQ) and improve misalignment tolerance. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which Double $\mathrm{D}$ coils are considered for primary and secondary charging pads provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at various misalignment conditions up to + / - 800 mm, and up to 30 cm air gap.
Boosting the performance of energy management systems (EMSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) helps enc... more Boosting the performance of energy management systems (EMSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) helps encourage their mass adoption by addressing range anxiety concerns. Acknowledging the higher power densities of supercapacitors (SCs) compared to those of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs, this work proposes an optimal sizing and energy management strategy of a hierarchical hybrid energy storage system (H-HESS). In this system, the SCs are voltage-controlled to solely provide the current requirements of an EV motor during urban driving cycles with frequent accelerations and decelerations, while the EV battery recharges the depleted SCs. The proposed H-HESS is modeled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink, and its performance is compared to that of a traditional battery-only energy storage system (BESS). Simulation results reveal that this H-HESS system offers a 55.7% peak current reduction and ≈+2% improvement in battery loss of capacity in comparison with BESS. A pulsed battery di...
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)
The pursuit of lower vehicle emissions has allowed the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) to... more The pursuit of lower vehicle emissions has allowed the market share of electric vehicles (EVs) to rapidly increase, which has motivated researchers to develop several charging techniques, aiming to minimize the charging downtime and reduce the range anxiety of EV drivers. Of those techniques, dynamic wireless charging (DWC) has gained significant traction due to the substantial amount of work that has been done in wireless charging. However, with DWC, some unforeseen challenges have risen. These include identifying the optimum locations of those DWCs with the objective of maximizing the system efficiency while minimizing the system cost by minimizing the required lengths of charging lanes. This paper focuses on formulating the deployment optimization problem to find the optimum locations, along with the optimum length of DWC lanes at each location, by utilizing traffic simulations and non-linear optimization methods, aiming to maximize the total energy transfer of the system while meeting a given budget.
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)
The energy consumption pattern of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank in Electric Vehicles (EVs... more The energy consumption pattern of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank in Electric Vehicles (EVs) exhibits rapid fluctuations for different driving cycles, leading to battery degradation and shortening its lifetime. This paper presents an energy management strategy for a hybrid EV energy storage system (HESS) that integrates the EV battery with a bank of supercapacitors (SC), aiming to reduce the degradation rate of EV batteries. The presented work uses data from driving simulations conducted on Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator tool for a low-speed zone, particularly a university campus. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation is conducted for the proposed energy management strategy to demonstrate how the system manages the energy flow between the battery and the supercapacitors. Results reveal that the proposed model is able to reduce the EV battery temperature and hence reduce its degradation by approximately 50% compared to the situation when the Li-ion battery is solely used.
2019 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA), 2019
In order to maximize the inductive link efficiency in wireless electric vehicle chargers, a ferri... more In order to maximize the inductive link efficiency in wireless electric vehicle chargers, a ferrite layer is added to improve the coupling performance and reduce the leakage of flux to the surrounding ferrous materials. The geometry of ferrite directly affects the self and mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coils and accordingly their coupling factor. Three ferrite geometries are investigated in this work and their coupling behavior is studied and compared to that of a ferrite sheet. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which ferrite bars are aligned perpendicular to the current conduction path provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at perfect alignment conditions over a range of air gaps from 10 cm to 30 cm, while having the smallest ferrite surface area. Hence, this geometry is recommended to be used for closely aligned rectangular EV coupling coils.
2020 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2020
Due to the inherent misalignment variations in wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, p... more Due to the inherent misalignment variations in wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, particularly in dynamic charging modes, it is essential to acknowledge the misalignment performance in the design and optimization of the coupling coils and the shielding layers. In this work, a heuristic inductive link design approach is presented, in which the coupling performance of rectangular RIPT coils is evaluated over a range of lateral misalignments for different coil parameters and shielding layer thickness. Accordingly, recommendations are made on the inductive link design that provides good coupling behavior, sufficiently high power transfer efficiency and effective shielding performance over a wide range of lateral misalignments.
2020 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS), 2020
This paper aims to assess the enhancements of the electric vehicle (EV) energy storage systems by... more This paper aims to assess the enhancements of the electric vehicle (EV) energy storage systems by hybridizing Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery with a supercapacitor, based on their operation efficiency and the aging of the overall storage system. The hybrid energy storage system brings desired improvements due to the high power density and small internal resistance of supercapacitors. However, the energy density of a supercapacitor is lower than that of a typical EV battery, making the combination of the two storage systems a promising breakthrough to increase both EV mileage and battery lifetime. Accordingly, MATLAB/Simulink tools are used in this work to set-up simulation scenarios to investigate the operation of the proposed hybrid storage system.
In order to design a high efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system, the design... more In order to design a high efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system, the design of the different system components needs to be optimized, particularly the design of a high-coupling, misalignment-tolerant inductive link (IL), comprising primary and secondary charging coils. Different coil geometries can be utilized for the primary and the secondary sides, each with a set of advantages and drawbacks in terms of weight, cost, coupling at perfect alignment and coupling at lateral misalignments. In this work, a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based systematic approach for the design of double-D (DD) charging coils is presented in detail. In particular, this paper studies the effect of different coil parameters, namely the number of turns and the turn-to-turn spacing, on the coupling performance of the IL at perfect alignment and at ±200 mm lateral misalignment, given a set of space constraints. The proposed design is verified by an experimental prototype to validate the acc...
2020 6th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2020
The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the ove... more The performance of the magnetic couplers in an inductive power transfer system determines the overall feasibility of an entire system. In this paper, the basic theory behind wireless power transfer and the required components is analyzed, showing how design aspects, power pad physical dimensions, height and vertical displacement affect the results. Two coil geometries are analyzed and investigated in this work and their coupling characteristics and misalignment tolerance are studied and compared. This study aims at the design and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations of the inductive link to maximize Figure-of-merit (kQ) and improve misalignment tolerance. Based on the simulation results, the geometry in which Double $\mathrm{D}$ coils are considered for primary and secondary charging pads provides the highest coupling factor and highest inductive link efficiency at various misalignment conditions up to + / - 800 mm, and up to 30 cm air gap.
2019 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA), 2019
The concept of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) enables electric vehicles (EVs) to charge w... more The concept of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) enables electric vehicles (EVs) to charge while in motion. In order to efficiently perform wireless charging, the magnetic coupling between the transmitter and receiver coils should be maintained at all times even when the EV is moving. Therefore, in this paper, the study of system efficiency over different coupling conditions is conducted to observe the performance of the DWPT system at different operating frequencies. The impact of loading conditions on the efficiency of the DWPT system is also analyzed and discussed. The conducted analysis reveals that the higher the resonant frequency, the better is the system performance in terms of maintaining high power transfer efficiencies over a wide range of loading and coupling conditions.
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 2021
Due to the inherent misalignment variations in dynamic wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging sy... more Due to the inherent misalignment variations in dynamic wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, it is essential to implement effective misalignment detection and correction techniques to maximize the amount of energy received by the EV. A misalignment detection system consists of detector coils or sensors, and the corresponding detection circuitry. In this work, the design details of the auxiliary misalignment detection coils are presented. In particular, the paper investigates the effect of the number of turns of the auxiliary coils, their turn-to-turn spacing, and their positions relative to the edges of the secondary coil, on their lateral misalignment detection capability. Based on the conducted simulations, it is observed that increasing the number of turns as well as the turn-to-turn spacing of the auxiliary coils both significantly improve their misalignment detection capability by improving the resultant mutual inductance variations with lateral misalignments. Also, the optimal position of the auxiliary coils is determined to be 200 mm from both edges of the secondary coil.
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Papers by Eiman ElGhanam