International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2016
Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical ... more Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical characteristics of water which shows that whether the water quality was good or not good for aquatic life. Physico-chemical characters of River Swat water at Batkhela, District Malakand Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan was studied from April to July 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the water quality parameters of River Swat at Batkhela, District Malakand and to know that whether the observed values was normal, above or below the normal range and to know that these values was normal or could produce any toxic effect on both aquatic flora and fauna. The water quality parameters were checked through Aqua Check 5 in 1, water quality test strips for total chlorine, hardness, pH, alkalinity and Total chlorine, made by Hatch Company of the United State of America. Total Dissolved Solids and electrical conductivity was checked through Tintometer Multi-direct Machine. Air and water tempera...
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s compl...
Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoon belongs to phylum Apicomplexa, and an important etiologi... more Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoon belongs to phylum Apicomplexa, and an important etiologic agent of diarrheal disease in both immune-competent and immune-compromised hosts. There are many diagnostic techniques available for detecting and diagnosing of cryptosporidium spp. The microscopic methods are used in many studies but they are not reliable as compared to the molecular and serological methods. Most of these methods are time consuming and need expert skills to be carry out for clinical investigations. The detection and diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Pakistan is narrowed to major research laboratories and research centers therefore, it does not feature in protocols for routine investigations in many clinical laboratories. This review deals with the differential currently available diagnostic methods and their utilization as a standard for implementation of routine clinical diagnosis against cryptosporidium infection.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology , 2015
Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical ... more Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical characteristics of water which shows that whether the water quality was good or not good for aquatic life. Physico-chemical characters of River Swat water at Batkhela, District Malakand Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan was studied from April to July 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the water quality parameters of River Swat at Batkhela, District Malakand and to know that whether the observed values was normal, above or below the normal range and to know that these values was normal or could produce any toxic effect on both aquatic flora and fauna. The water quality parameters were checked through Aqua Check 5 in 1, water quality test strips for total chlorine, hardness, pH, alkalinity and Total chlorine, made by Hatch Company of the United State of America.
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus commonly known as Red Palm Weevil is a worldwide distributed and destru... more Rhynchophorus ferrugineus commonly known as Red Palm Weevil is a worldwide distributed and destructive pest of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) belonging to the family Curculionidae and order Coleoptera. In the present study a total of 365 trees were inspected for Red Palm Weevil infestation in 15 date palm growing areas in district Bannu during September 2013 to June 2014. 500 adults were obtained by capturing alive and dead adult from trees, cocoons and larvae rearing to analyze the size of different body parts and prothoracic black spots and determine the differences and similarities between male and female. Results showed that, 203 trees were infected, and the female was larger in size than the male. Total 13 typologies of prothoracic spots were recorded, among these nine were recorded in both sexes and four only in females. It was concluded that Red Palm Weevil has high diversity worldwide.
Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research, 2017
Typhoid fever remains an imperative public health matter in many developing
countries and prevail... more Typhoid fever remains an imperative public health matter in many developing countries and prevails in areas with poor hygiene, which aids its spread and diligence in the human population. During this study the prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded different with respect to season, months, age and gender among patients visiting the different hospitals and health care centers of selected area. The clinical data collected from the patients were recorded and designated based on age, gender, marital status, monthly occurrence and seasonal occurrence. During year 2012, 2252 were diagnosed for typhoid out of which 346 were positive for typhoid. The occurrence ratio observed high in age group 45-60 (64.16%) while lowest in 0-15 (0. 58%) while gender wise prevalence shows male predominance among all cases (162 female and 184 male). Out of 346 patients, 272 (78.6%) patients were married and 74 (21.4%), monthly occurrence was recorded higher in June, July and August (11.85%, 16. 90%, 17.34%) respectively. The seasonal prevalence was high in summer (55.79%) while it gradually decreases in spring (18.20%), autumn (17.63%) and winter (8.38%). This study was conducted for the first time in district swat to find out the prevalence rate, risk factors associated with typhoid occurrence, to suggest prophylactic measures to local community and give recommendations to Public Health Department to ensure the prevention and control of this fatal disease.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2016
Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical ... more Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical characteristics of water which shows that whether the water quality was good or not good for aquatic life. Physico-chemical characters of River Swat water at Batkhela, District Malakand Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan was studied from April to July 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the water quality parameters of River Swat at Batkhela, District Malakand and to know that whether the observed values was normal, above or below the normal range and to know that these values was normal or could produce any toxic effect on both aquatic flora and fauna. The water quality parameters were checked through Aqua Check 5 in 1, water quality test strips for total chlorine, hardness, pH, alkalinity and Total chlorine, made by Hatch Company of the United State of America. Total Dissolved Solids and electrical conductivity was checked through Tintometer Multi-direct Machine. Air and water tempera...
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s compl...
Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoon belongs to phylum Apicomplexa, and an important etiologi... more Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoon belongs to phylum Apicomplexa, and an important etiologic agent of diarrheal disease in both immune-competent and immune-compromised hosts. There are many diagnostic techniques available for detecting and diagnosing of cryptosporidium spp. The microscopic methods are used in many studies but they are not reliable as compared to the molecular and serological methods. Most of these methods are time consuming and need expert skills to be carry out for clinical investigations. The detection and diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Pakistan is narrowed to major research laboratories and research centers therefore, it does not feature in protocols for routine investigations in many clinical laboratories. This review deals with the differential currently available diagnostic methods and their utilization as a standard for implementation of routine clinical diagnosis against cryptosporidium infection.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologi... more We evaluated the clinical features, disease severity, laboratory findings and outcome of serologically confirmed cases of Dengue fever in Patients during the recent outbreak in two districts (Buner & Shangla) in 2013, Khyber Pkhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). The dengue infection rate in females (180: 56%.2) was higher as compared to males (140: 43.8%). The dengue infections were more frequently seen in the post-monsoon season than in the monsoon period. The death ratio in the overall weighted prevalence was 0%. All the patients suffered from fever but no specific pattern could be identified, degree was variable ranging from low to high grade. Abdominal pain was the next most common symptom followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Only (45%) patients complained of body aches and pains, (30%) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of gum bleed, and (05%) patients had melena while (15%) patient’s complained of skin rashes. The most common clinical sign was the Enlarged liver that was present in (75%) patients. There is critical need for molecular and entomological surveillance of dengue among the dengue epidemics-prone areas to eliminate the disease.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology , 2015
Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical ... more Physico-chemical parameters are the water quality parameters which include physical and chemical characteristics of water which shows that whether the water quality was good or not good for aquatic life. Physico-chemical characters of River Swat water at Batkhela, District Malakand Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan was studied from April to July 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the water quality parameters of River Swat at Batkhela, District Malakand and to know that whether the observed values was normal, above or below the normal range and to know that these values was normal or could produce any toxic effect on both aquatic flora and fauna. The water quality parameters were checked through Aqua Check 5 in 1, water quality test strips for total chlorine, hardness, pH, alkalinity and Total chlorine, made by Hatch Company of the United State of America.
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus commonly known as Red Palm Weevil is a worldwide distributed and destru... more Rhynchophorus ferrugineus commonly known as Red Palm Weevil is a worldwide distributed and destructive pest of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) belonging to the family Curculionidae and order Coleoptera. In the present study a total of 365 trees were inspected for Red Palm Weevil infestation in 15 date palm growing areas in district Bannu during September 2013 to June 2014. 500 adults were obtained by capturing alive and dead adult from trees, cocoons and larvae rearing to analyze the size of different body parts and prothoracic black spots and determine the differences and similarities between male and female. Results showed that, 203 trees were infected, and the female was larger in size than the male. Total 13 typologies of prothoracic spots were recorded, among these nine were recorded in both sexes and four only in females. It was concluded that Red Palm Weevil has high diversity worldwide.
Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research, 2017
Typhoid fever remains an imperative public health matter in many developing
countries and prevail... more Typhoid fever remains an imperative public health matter in many developing countries and prevails in areas with poor hygiene, which aids its spread and diligence in the human population. During this study the prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded different with respect to season, months, age and gender among patients visiting the different hospitals and health care centers of selected area. The clinical data collected from the patients were recorded and designated based on age, gender, marital status, monthly occurrence and seasonal occurrence. During year 2012, 2252 were diagnosed for typhoid out of which 346 were positive for typhoid. The occurrence ratio observed high in age group 45-60 (64.16%) while lowest in 0-15 (0. 58%) while gender wise prevalence shows male predominance among all cases (162 female and 184 male). Out of 346 patients, 272 (78.6%) patients were married and 74 (21.4%), monthly occurrence was recorded higher in June, July and August (11.85%, 16. 90%, 17.34%) respectively. The seasonal prevalence was high in summer (55.79%) while it gradually decreases in spring (18.20%), autumn (17.63%) and winter (8.38%). This study was conducted for the first time in district swat to find out the prevalence rate, risk factors associated with typhoid occurrence, to suggest prophylactic measures to local community and give recommendations to Public Health Department to ensure the prevention and control of this fatal disease.
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countries and prevails in areas with poor hygiene, which aids its spread and diligence
in the human population. During this study the prevalence of typhoid fever was
recorded different with respect to season, months, age and gender among patients
visiting the different hospitals and health care centers of selected area. The clinical
data collected from the patients were recorded and designated based on age, gender,
marital status, monthly occurrence and seasonal occurrence. During year 2012, 2252
were diagnosed for typhoid out of which 346 were positive for typhoid. The occurrence
ratio observed high in age group 45-60 (64.16%) while lowest in 0-15 (0. 58%) while
gender wise prevalence shows male predominance among all cases (162 female and
184 male). Out of 346 patients, 272 (78.6%) patients were married and 74 (21.4%),
monthly occurrence was recorded higher in June, July and August (11.85%, 16. 90%,
17.34%) respectively. The seasonal prevalence was high in summer (55.79%) while it
gradually decreases in spring (18.20%), autumn (17.63%) and winter (8.38%). This
study was conducted for the first time in district swat to find out the prevalence rate,
risk factors associated with typhoid occurrence, to suggest prophylactic measures to
local community and give recommendations to Public Health Department to ensure
the prevention and control of this fatal disease.
countries and prevails in areas with poor hygiene, which aids its spread and diligence
in the human population. During this study the prevalence of typhoid fever was
recorded different with respect to season, months, age and gender among patients
visiting the different hospitals and health care centers of selected area. The clinical
data collected from the patients were recorded and designated based on age, gender,
marital status, monthly occurrence and seasonal occurrence. During year 2012, 2252
were diagnosed for typhoid out of which 346 were positive for typhoid. The occurrence
ratio observed high in age group 45-60 (64.16%) while lowest in 0-15 (0. 58%) while
gender wise prevalence shows male predominance among all cases (162 female and
184 male). Out of 346 patients, 272 (78.6%) patients were married and 74 (21.4%),
monthly occurrence was recorded higher in June, July and August (11.85%, 16. 90%,
17.34%) respectively. The seasonal prevalence was high in summer (55.79%) while it
gradually decreases in spring (18.20%), autumn (17.63%) and winter (8.38%). This
study was conducted for the first time in district swat to find out the prevalence rate,
risk factors associated with typhoid occurrence, to suggest prophylactic measures to
local community and give recommendations to Public Health Department to ensure
the prevention and control of this fatal disease.