ソマティック・マーカー仮説とは、神経学者アントニオ・ダマシオ（1994, 2005）が主張する説で、外部からある情報を得ることで呼び起こされる身体的 感情（心臓がドキドキしたり、口が渇いたりする）が、前頭葉の腹内側部に影響を与えて「よい／わるい」という ふるいをかけて、意思決定を効率的にするのではないかという仮説。この仮説にしたがうと、理性的判断には感情 を排して取り組むべきだという従来の「常識」に反して、理性的判断に感情的要素はむしろ効率的に働くことにな る。 ダマシオ（2005:x-xi）の簡潔で要を得た説明によると「感情（＝情緒＝情動, emotion）は理性＝知性あるいは理［ことわり］（reason）のループの中にあり、一般に考えられているように感情は推論のプロセス （reasoning process）を有無を言わさず邪魔するというよりも、むしろ助けているかも知れない」という仮説
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