University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences
he objectives of this study were to determine the growthperformance and carcass traits of turkeys... more he objectives of this study were to determine the growthperformance and carcass traits of turkeys under semi intensive system in theSudan. Atotal of 100 unsexed turkey growers from the commercial breed(B.U.T. Big 6) were used during 7 th June to 6 th August, 2011. Birds were keptin an open sided deep litter poultry house at the University of Bahri Farmfrom 9 to 16 weeks of age and fed on turkey grower and finisher diets.Results of feed intake and body weight showed a consistent increase withincrease in age. Performance results showed that turkey had 2.42 kg, 6.64 kg,79.49 g, 1.5 kg/ bird/ day, 2.8 and 4%, starting weight, finishing weight,average daily gain, average feed intake; average feed conversion ratio (FCR)and total mortality, respectively. Results also showed that turkey had 6.91 kg,5.03 kg, 76.98%, 14.37%, 14.2% and 33.4% slaughter weight, carcassweight, dressing percentage and thigh, drumstick and breast weights aspercentage of carcass weight, respectively. Males obtained ...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the body weight gain and carcass traits of tu... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the body weight gain and carcass traits of turkeys under the extensive system in the Sudan. 100 unsexed turkey growers of the British United Turkey (BUT Big 6) were kept in an extensive system of management at the University of Bahri Farm from 9 th to 16 th weeks of age. During this period, the birds were fed on an experimental diet of 2958 kcal/kg and 180.0 g/kg metabolizable energy and crude protein contents, respectively. The results showed that the turkey had initial weight of 2.49 ± 0.067 kg, final weight of 5.9 ± 0.255 kg, daily body gain of 66.25 ± 1.530 g/day, weekly feed intake of 1.31 ± 0.080 kg/bird/week, feed conversion ratio of 2.82 ± 0.307 g feed intake/g body gain and total mortality rate of 8%. The turkey also had 78.4 ± 2.776%, 14.87 ± 1.693%, 14.48 ± 2.143% and 35.72 ± 5.937% total dressing out, thigh, drum stick and breast percentages, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between male and female in the measured parameters. It can be concluded that turkeys can be reared under the extensive system of the Sudan with satisfactory body performance.
Abstract— This study was conducted at Alneelain University farm, Jebal Awlia, Khartoum, Sudan, ... more Abstract— This study was conducted at Alneelain University farm, Jebal Awlia, Khartoum, Sudan, to assess the performance of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of decorticated Pigeon pea (Pp) Cajanus cajan seeds as a replacer to sesame cake. Two hundred unsexed Ross hybrid one day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 groups, 40 chicks each and randomly divided into 4 replicates of 10 chicks each in 5 feed treatments inside an open sided deep litter poultry house. They were fed (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%and 12%) levels. The study results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in feed intake, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) weight gain and final body weight by decortications and increasing rate of inclusion of (Pp) progressively. Incorporation of (Pp) at 12 % level followed by 9% gain the best results for all parameters studied but 6% incorporation did not show any significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference from 9 and 12% inclusion rates indicating best option for incorporation. Serum protei...
Corresponding author: Muzzamil Atta, Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, The... more Corresponding author: Muzzamil Atta, Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, The State of Qatar
A survey on turkey raising in the Sudan using structured questionnaires and interviews for 25 bre... more A survey on turkey raising in the Sudan using structured questionnaires and interviews for 25 breeders and 5 dealers, officials of five state ministries and 8 Agricultural Colleges was carried out to know the present status of turkey rearing. Results showed that black at 5.74% was the dominant colour, 69.3% of respondents hatched their replacement flocks, 85.7% were home rearing 66.7% raised less than 30 birds and most breeders used cereals (sorghum and rice) of which sorghum constitute about 70%. Some 50% kept flocks for eggs and meat production, 25% for meat alone, 63.7% marketed live birds, 27.3% as slaughtered and 50% of respondents marketed at any age with customer availability and price being limiting factors. Healthwise 50% vaccinated their flocks and 66.7% received veterinary care and advice. Main problem encountered was feeding, followed by diseases and environmental factors (22.2%). For the majority (75%) manure had no use. No extension services or technical support were o...
The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on... more The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on slaughter body weight, carcass weight and various carcass cuts percentages of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). 25 male and 24 female turkey growers were reared under semi intensive (13 males and 12 females) or extensive systems (12 males and 12 females). Eight males and 7 females of the semi intensive group were slaughtered at the 16 week of age and the rest of birds in the group (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered at the 28 week of age. Regarding the extensive system group, 7 males and 7 females were slaughtered at the 16 week of age, whereas 5 males and 5 females were slaughtered at the 28 week of age. The results showed that birds slaughter at the 28 week had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentage of breast cut weight and had lower percentages of wing tip, middle wing, drum matte, drum stick cuts weights than their fellow mates slaughtered at t...
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the hatching traits, brooding growth per... more Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the hatching traits, brooding growth performance and mortality of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poults under Sudan conditions. Six hundred fertile eggs were brought from France and hatched in Khartoum during March 8 to April 6 2011 and poult brooding was conducted at the University of Bahri Farm from April 6 to May 4 2011. The results showed that turkey egg had 98.83 % fertility, 79.26 % hatchability of total eggs, 80.2 % hatchability of fertile eggs, 61.9 % of first class poults from total eggs incubated, 77 % first class poults from eggs hatched. Poults weighed 49.52 100.02, 183.78, 332.18 and 548.84 g at one day old and at the end of weeks, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Mortality was 7.37 % and 100 % for first and second class poults, respectively. This is the first study done on turkey under Sudan conditions. It is hoped that this study may be a pioneer to invite more in depth research on turkey specially now when poultry in...
تحاول هذه الدراسة التعرف علي مشكلة الطلاب الشماليين الذين يدرسون بالجامعات الجنوبية بعد انفصال جن... more تحاول هذه الدراسة التعرف علي مشكلة الطلاب الشماليين الذين يدرسون بالجامعات الجنوبية بعد انفصال جنوب السودان و بعد عودة هذه الجامعات لمقارها بدولة جنوب السودان. كذلك تحاول التعرف علي أهم التحديات التي تواجه توفيق أوضاع هؤلاء الطلاب بجامعة بحري والتي أنشئت للم شمل الشماليين بالجامعات الجنوبية. استخدمت الورقة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي ساعد في جمع البيانات وتحليلها وتفسيرها بهدف الإجابة علي أسئلة الدراسة. قدمت الدراسة بعض المقترحات لمقابلة التحديات التي تواجه توفيق الأوضاع الأكاديمية وغير الأكاديمية للطلاب.
An experiment was carried out to determine and compare the performance traits of turkeys under se... more An experiment was carried out to determine and compare the performance traits of turkeys under semi intensive and extensive systems of management in Khartoum State, Sudan. A commercial breed of turkey (BUT Big 6) was used. Birds were kept in an open sided deep litter poultry house (semi intensive system) and fenced enclosures (extensive system) from week 17 to weeks 24 and 28 and fed on turkey finisher and supplement diets respectively. Parameters assessed were feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (for each feed) mortality and cost and profit determination. Results of feed intake indicated a consistent increase with increase in age in both systems of management up to week 22 followed by a consistent decrease in feed intake up to the end of the experiment at week 28. Body weight increased with increase in age in both systems of management up to week 24 followed by a slight increase up to week 28. Turkeys kept under semi intensive system of management cons...
The present study was conducted in the Rabbit farm of El-Neelain University Faculty of Agricultur... more The present study was conducted in the Rabbit farm of El-Neelain University Faculty of Agriculture Technology and Fish Science in the campus of Jabel Aulia Applied University to evaluate the effect of drinking acid whey on rabbit’s performance. Fresh acid whey was mixed with the drinking water of rabbits at rates of 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ml of acid whey in drinking water. The experimental treatments of acid whey were offered ad libitum during the age 4-8 weeks of rabbits reared in close-sided rabbit house. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that, gain in body weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency were significantly (p<0.05) low of rabbits supplemented with acid whey in the drinking water. These results indicated that, using the acid whey as a by-product feed additive in the drinking water has a significant (p<0.05) negative effect on the performance of 4-8 week- old rabbits reared in close-sided rabbits house.
Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on... more The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on slaughter body weight, carcass weight and various carcass cuts percentages of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). 25 male and 24 female turkey growers were reared under semi intensive (13 males and 12 females) or extensive systems (12 males and 12 females). Eight males and 7 females of the semi intensive group were slaughtered at the 16th week of age and the rest of birds in the group (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered at the 28th week of age. Regarding the extensive system group, 7 males and 7 females were slaughtered at the 16th week of age, whereas 5 males and 5 females were slaughtered at the 28th week of age. The results showed that birds slaughter at the 28th week had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentage of breast cut weight and had lower percentages of wing tip, middle wing, drum matte, drum stick cuts weights than their fellow mates slaugh...
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of tannins as a constituent of sorghum grain ... more Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of tannins as a constituent of sorghum grain on broiler chick’s growth, protein apparent digestibility and some minerals availability. In experiment 1, sorghum tannins at 12 g CE of tannins / kg diet depressed growth rate, protein digestibility and ash availability when included in broiler diets at two (19 and 15 g protein / kg diet) protein levels. The same parameters also showed a decrease in response to a decrease in protein level. In experiment 2, sorghum tannins reduced (P >0.01) growth rate, protein apparent digestibility and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Co, Fe) availability when included in chicks diets at graded levels (0, 4, 8 and 12g CE/k diet). However, Zn availability was not affected by sorghum tannins addition. This study indicated that, sorghum tannins depressed growth rate and decreased protein apparent digestibility and some mineral availability when fed to broiler chicks at low protein level.
A feeding trial was carried out to study the effects of sorghum tannin on the performance and car... more A feeding trial was carried out to study the effects of sorghum tannin on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. Seven experimental diets were formulated using zero tannin maize as control and six sorghum grain varieties, each two with low, medium and high tannin level. Diets were fed to 196 unsexed Hubbard commercial broilers chicks for 5 weeks. Low tannin Safra had the best amino acids composition followed by high tannin sorghum varieties. Broilers performance and carcass characteristics showed inconsistent trend as the level of tannin increased, since the birds consuming sorghums with high tannin content gave better performance than their counterparts fed medium tannin. In addition, the results showed that sorghum varieties with the same tannin level gave different effects on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. These results indicate that, tannin level may not be the sole factor affecting nutritional quality of sorghum grains; other factors ma...
University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences
he objectives of this study were to determine the growthperformance and carcass traits of turkeys... more he objectives of this study were to determine the growthperformance and carcass traits of turkeys under semi intensive system in theSudan. Atotal of 100 unsexed turkey growers from the commercial breed(B.U.T. Big 6) were used during 7 th June to 6 th August, 2011. Birds were keptin an open sided deep litter poultry house at the University of Bahri Farmfrom 9 to 16 weeks of age and fed on turkey grower and finisher diets.Results of feed intake and body weight showed a consistent increase withincrease in age. Performance results showed that turkey had 2.42 kg, 6.64 kg,79.49 g, 1.5 kg/ bird/ day, 2.8 and 4%, starting weight, finishing weight,average daily gain, average feed intake; average feed conversion ratio (FCR)and total mortality, respectively. Results also showed that turkey had 6.91 kg,5.03 kg, 76.98%, 14.37%, 14.2% and 33.4% slaughter weight, carcassweight, dressing percentage and thigh, drumstick and breast weights aspercentage of carcass weight, respectively. Males obtained ...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the body weight gain and carcass traits of tu... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the body weight gain and carcass traits of turkeys under the extensive system in the Sudan. 100 unsexed turkey growers of the British United Turkey (BUT Big 6) were kept in an extensive system of management at the University of Bahri Farm from 9 th to 16 th weeks of age. During this period, the birds were fed on an experimental diet of 2958 kcal/kg and 180.0 g/kg metabolizable energy and crude protein contents, respectively. The results showed that the turkey had initial weight of 2.49 ± 0.067 kg, final weight of 5.9 ± 0.255 kg, daily body gain of 66.25 ± 1.530 g/day, weekly feed intake of 1.31 ± 0.080 kg/bird/week, feed conversion ratio of 2.82 ± 0.307 g feed intake/g body gain and total mortality rate of 8%. The turkey also had 78.4 ± 2.776%, 14.87 ± 1.693%, 14.48 ± 2.143% and 35.72 ± 5.937% total dressing out, thigh, drum stick and breast percentages, respectively. No differences (P&gt;0.05) were observed between male and female in the measured parameters. It can be concluded that turkeys can be reared under the extensive system of the Sudan with satisfactory body performance.
Abstract— This study was conducted at Alneelain University farm, Jebal Awlia, Khartoum, Sudan, ... more Abstract— This study was conducted at Alneelain University farm, Jebal Awlia, Khartoum, Sudan, to assess the performance of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of decorticated Pigeon pea (Pp) Cajanus cajan seeds as a replacer to sesame cake. Two hundred unsexed Ross hybrid one day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 groups, 40 chicks each and randomly divided into 4 replicates of 10 chicks each in 5 feed treatments inside an open sided deep litter poultry house. They were fed (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%and 12%) levels. The study results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in feed intake, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) weight gain and final body weight by decortications and increasing rate of inclusion of (Pp) progressively. Incorporation of (Pp) at 12 % level followed by 9% gain the best results for all parameters studied but 6% incorporation did not show any significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference from 9 and 12% inclusion rates indicating best option for incorporation. Serum protei...
Corresponding author: Muzzamil Atta, Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, The... more Corresponding author: Muzzamil Atta, Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, The State of Qatar
A survey on turkey raising in the Sudan using structured questionnaires and interviews for 25 bre... more A survey on turkey raising in the Sudan using structured questionnaires and interviews for 25 breeders and 5 dealers, officials of five state ministries and 8 Agricultural Colleges was carried out to know the present status of turkey rearing. Results showed that black at 5.74% was the dominant colour, 69.3% of respondents hatched their replacement flocks, 85.7% were home rearing 66.7% raised less than 30 birds and most breeders used cereals (sorghum and rice) of which sorghum constitute about 70%. Some 50% kept flocks for eggs and meat production, 25% for meat alone, 63.7% marketed live birds, 27.3% as slaughtered and 50% of respondents marketed at any age with customer availability and price being limiting factors. Healthwise 50% vaccinated their flocks and 66.7% received veterinary care and advice. Main problem encountered was feeding, followed by diseases and environmental factors (22.2%). For the majority (75%) manure had no use. No extension services or technical support were o...
The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on... more The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on slaughter body weight, carcass weight and various carcass cuts percentages of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). 25 male and 24 female turkey growers were reared under semi intensive (13 males and 12 females) or extensive systems (12 males and 12 females). Eight males and 7 females of the semi intensive group were slaughtered at the 16 week of age and the rest of birds in the group (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered at the 28 week of age. Regarding the extensive system group, 7 males and 7 females were slaughtered at the 16 week of age, whereas 5 males and 5 females were slaughtered at the 28 week of age. The results showed that birds slaughter at the 28 week had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentage of breast cut weight and had lower percentages of wing tip, middle wing, drum matte, drum stick cuts weights than their fellow mates slaughtered at t...
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the hatching traits, brooding growth per... more Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the hatching traits, brooding growth performance and mortality of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poults under Sudan conditions. Six hundred fertile eggs were brought from France and hatched in Khartoum during March 8 to April 6 2011 and poult brooding was conducted at the University of Bahri Farm from April 6 to May 4 2011. The results showed that turkey egg had 98.83 % fertility, 79.26 % hatchability of total eggs, 80.2 % hatchability of fertile eggs, 61.9 % of first class poults from total eggs incubated, 77 % first class poults from eggs hatched. Poults weighed 49.52 100.02, 183.78, 332.18 and 548.84 g at one day old and at the end of weeks, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Mortality was 7.37 % and 100 % for first and second class poults, respectively. This is the first study done on turkey under Sudan conditions. It is hoped that this study may be a pioneer to invite more in depth research on turkey specially now when poultry in...
تحاول هذه الدراسة التعرف علي مشكلة الطلاب الشماليين الذين يدرسون بالجامعات الجنوبية بعد انفصال جن... more تحاول هذه الدراسة التعرف علي مشكلة الطلاب الشماليين الذين يدرسون بالجامعات الجنوبية بعد انفصال جنوب السودان و بعد عودة هذه الجامعات لمقارها بدولة جنوب السودان. كذلك تحاول التعرف علي أهم التحديات التي تواجه توفيق أوضاع هؤلاء الطلاب بجامعة بحري والتي أنشئت للم شمل الشماليين بالجامعات الجنوبية. استخدمت الورقة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي ساعد في جمع البيانات وتحليلها وتفسيرها بهدف الإجابة علي أسئلة الدراسة. قدمت الدراسة بعض المقترحات لمقابلة التحديات التي تواجه توفيق الأوضاع الأكاديمية وغير الأكاديمية للطلاب.
An experiment was carried out to determine and compare the performance traits of turkeys under se... more An experiment was carried out to determine and compare the performance traits of turkeys under semi intensive and extensive systems of management in Khartoum State, Sudan. A commercial breed of turkey (BUT Big 6) was used. Birds were kept in an open sided deep litter poultry house (semi intensive system) and fenced enclosures (extensive system) from week 17 to weeks 24 and 28 and fed on turkey finisher and supplement diets respectively. Parameters assessed were feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (for each feed) mortality and cost and profit determination. Results of feed intake indicated a consistent increase with increase in age in both systems of management up to week 22 followed by a consistent decrease in feed intake up to the end of the experiment at week 28. Body weight increased with increase in age in both systems of management up to week 24 followed by a slight increase up to week 28. Turkeys kept under semi intensive system of management cons...
The present study was conducted in the Rabbit farm of El-Neelain University Faculty of Agricultur... more The present study was conducted in the Rabbit farm of El-Neelain University Faculty of Agriculture Technology and Fish Science in the campus of Jabel Aulia Applied University to evaluate the effect of drinking acid whey on rabbit’s performance. Fresh acid whey was mixed with the drinking water of rabbits at rates of 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ml of acid whey in drinking water. The experimental treatments of acid whey were offered ad libitum during the age 4-8 weeks of rabbits reared in close-sided rabbit house. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that, gain in body weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency were significantly (p<0.05) low of rabbits supplemented with acid whey in the drinking water. These results indicated that, using the acid whey as a by-product feed additive in the drinking water has a significant (p<0.05) negative effect on the performance of 4-8 week- old rabbits reared in close-sided rabbits house.
Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on... more The objective of this study was to examine the burden of rearing system, slaughter age and sex on slaughter body weight, carcass weight and various carcass cuts percentages of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). 25 male and 24 female turkey growers were reared under semi intensive (13 males and 12 females) or extensive systems (12 males and 12 females). Eight males and 7 females of the semi intensive group were slaughtered at the 16th week of age and the rest of birds in the group (5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered at the 28th week of age. Regarding the extensive system group, 7 males and 7 females were slaughtered at the 16th week of age, whereas 5 males and 5 females were slaughtered at the 28th week of age. The results showed that birds slaughter at the 28th week had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentage of breast cut weight and had lower percentages of wing tip, middle wing, drum matte, drum stick cuts weights than their fellow mates slaugh...
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of tannins as a constituent of sorghum grain ... more Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of tannins as a constituent of sorghum grain on broiler chick’s growth, protein apparent digestibility and some minerals availability. In experiment 1, sorghum tannins at 12 g CE of tannins / kg diet depressed growth rate, protein digestibility and ash availability when included in broiler diets at two (19 and 15 g protein / kg diet) protein levels. The same parameters also showed a decrease in response to a decrease in protein level. In experiment 2, sorghum tannins reduced (P >0.01) growth rate, protein apparent digestibility and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Co, Fe) availability when included in chicks diets at graded levels (0, 4, 8 and 12g CE/k diet). However, Zn availability was not affected by sorghum tannins addition. This study indicated that, sorghum tannins depressed growth rate and decreased protein apparent digestibility and some mineral availability when fed to broiler chicks at low protein level.
A feeding trial was carried out to study the effects of sorghum tannin on the performance and car... more A feeding trial was carried out to study the effects of sorghum tannin on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. Seven experimental diets were formulated using zero tannin maize as control and six sorghum grain varieties, each two with low, medium and high tannin level. Diets were fed to 196 unsexed Hubbard commercial broilers chicks for 5 weeks. Low tannin Safra had the best amino acids composition followed by high tannin sorghum varieties. Broilers performance and carcass characteristics showed inconsistent trend as the level of tannin increased, since the birds consuming sorghums with high tannin content gave better performance than their counterparts fed medium tannin. In addition, the results showed that sorghum varieties with the same tannin level gave different effects on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. These results indicate that, tannin level may not be the sole factor affecting nutritional quality of sorghum grains; other factors ma...
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