Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2012
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf... more This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz., begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) ‘Super Olympia Red’ and ‘Super Olympia Rose’ and pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Hort.) ‘Matrix White Blotch’ and ‘Matrix Yellow Blotch’ in vitro. Seeds after germination were grown on a quarter strength MS medium supplemented with potassium silicate (K₂SiO₃) at 0, 100, 200, or 300 mg ? L -1 and were maintained under a photoperiod of 16 hours at 25℃. Growth parameters such as plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weights have been recorded after a growth period of 58 days for begonia and 94 days for pansy. In begonia, fresh weight was significantly greatest in the 200 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment in both ‘Super Olympia Red’ and ‘Super Olympia Rose’. In both pansy cultivars, fresh weight was the greatest in the 200 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than other treatments. Chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the 100 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment for both the cultivars of begonia. Leaf area significantly increased with the higher concentrations of K₂SiO₃ treatment in both cultivars of pansy. Stomatal structures on the leaf epidermis were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In begonia ‘Super Olympia Rose’, the structure of stomata were more compact in size in the 300 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than in the control. Similarly, in pansy ‘Matrix White Blotch’ the surface of stomata appeared to be smoother in the 300 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than those wrinkled appearance in the control. The surface of the leaf epidermis appeared to be compact due to Si deposition, and thus results indicated that Si positively affected the growth and biomass production of these species. Our data show that the effect of Si on growth parameters is strongly dependent on cultivar of the plant species tested.
A simple and efficient protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis from the cotyledon explan... more A simple and efficient protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis from the cotyledon explant of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Seeds of peony obtained from fieldgrown plants were disinfested and zygotic embryos were excised. For germination, excised embryos were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, and different concentrations of N 6 benzyl-adenine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃). The greatest germination percentage (95%) was observed when embryos were cultured on the MS medium with 1.0 mg·L -1 BA and 0.5 mg·L -1 GA₃, and maintained at 25 ± 2°C under a 16 h photoperiod. Thirty days old cotyledon explants were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators viz., BA, GA₃, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). After 90 days, the globular embryos were directly formed on the surface of explants. The highest frequency of somatic embryo induction (72.5) was obtained on the MS medium with 3.0 mg·L -1 BA, 1.0 mg·L -1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L -1 GA₃, and 0.1% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC), with a mean number of 14 embryos per explant. Maturation of globular embryos into heart- and torpedo-shape was observed on the same medium. When the torpedo-shaped embryos were transferred onto the same MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg·L -1 BA, 1.0 mg·L -1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L -1 GA₃, and 0.1% (w/v) AC, secondary somatic embryos were observed on the surface of primary somatic embryos. When the embryos were transferred to the MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg·L -1 each of BA and GA₃, all of them converted into plantlets, but their growth was very slow.
... Misra, P., Pandey, V., Kochhar, S.: Study of antioxidant enzymes activity during organogenesi... more ... Misra, P., Pandey, V., Kochhar, S.: Study of antioxidant enzymes activity during organogenesis and in vitro propagation of Asiatic hybrid lily. ... Padmesh, P., Reji, JV, Jinish Dhar, M., Seeni, S.: Estimation of genetic diversity in varieties of Mucuna pruriens using RAPD. - Biol. Plant. ...
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2013
To determine the effects of different cytokinins at various concentrations on in vitro shoot mult... more To determine the effects of different cytokinins at various concentrations on in vitro shoot multiplication of an important medicinal plant. Nodal explants (1.5-2.0 cm) of Sophora tonkinensis were used. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal explants cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 µmol 2-isopentyladenine (2iP), N6 benzyladenine, kinetin or thiadiazuron. Among the four investigated cytokinins, 2iP showed the best response for shoot multiplication. Maximum shoot induction (75%) was achieved on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 µmol 2iP, with a mean number of 5.0 shoots per explant. In comparison to other cytokinins tried, 2iP showed the highest shoot elongation with a mean shoot length of 4.8 cm. Root initiation was observed within 15 d within the transfer of shoots onto the MS basal medium, and the rooting percentage was 100% with a mean number of 5.4 roots per shoot and root length of 6.2 cm over a period of...
Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2012
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf... more This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz., begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) ‘Super Olympia Red’ and ‘Super Olympia Rose’ and pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Hort.) ‘Matrix White Blotch’ and ‘Matrix Yellow Blotch’ in vitro. Seeds after germination were grown on a quarter strength MS medium supplemented with potassium silicate (K₂SiO₃) at 0, 100, 200, or 300 mg ? L -1 and were maintained under a photoperiod of 16 hours at 25℃. Growth parameters such as plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weights have been recorded after a growth period of 58 days for begonia and 94 days for pansy. In begonia, fresh weight was significantly greatest in the 200 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment in both ‘Super Olympia Red’ and ‘Super Olympia Rose’. In both pansy cultivars, fresh weight was the greatest in the 200 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than other treatments. Chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the 100 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment for both the cultivars of begonia. Leaf area significantly increased with the higher concentrations of K₂SiO₃ treatment in both cultivars of pansy. Stomatal structures on the leaf epidermis were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In begonia ‘Super Olympia Rose’, the structure of stomata were more compact in size in the 300 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than in the control. Similarly, in pansy ‘Matrix White Blotch’ the surface of stomata appeared to be smoother in the 300 mg ? L -1 K₂SiO₃ treatment than those wrinkled appearance in the control. The surface of the leaf epidermis appeared to be compact due to Si deposition, and thus results indicated that Si positively affected the growth and biomass production of these species. Our data show that the effect of Si on growth parameters is strongly dependent on cultivar of the plant species tested.
A simple and efficient protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis from the cotyledon explan... more A simple and efficient protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis from the cotyledon explant of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Seeds of peony obtained from fieldgrown plants were disinfested and zygotic embryos were excised. For germination, excised embryos were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, and different concentrations of N 6 benzyl-adenine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃). The greatest germination percentage (95%) was observed when embryos were cultured on the MS medium with 1.0 mg·L -1 BA and 0.5 mg·L -1 GA₃, and maintained at 25 ± 2°C under a 16 h photoperiod. Thirty days old cotyledon explants were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators viz., BA, GA₃, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). After 90 days, the globular embryos were directly formed on the surface of explants. The highest frequency of somatic embryo induction (72.5) was obtained on the MS medium with 3.0 mg·L -1 BA, 1.0 mg·L -1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L -1 GA₃, and 0.1% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC), with a mean number of 14 embryos per explant. Maturation of globular embryos into heart- and torpedo-shape was observed on the same medium. When the torpedo-shaped embryos were transferred onto the same MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg·L -1 BA, 1.0 mg·L -1 NAA, 1.0 mg·L -1 GA₃, and 0.1% (w/v) AC, secondary somatic embryos were observed on the surface of primary somatic embryos. When the embryos were transferred to the MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg·L -1 each of BA and GA₃, all of them converted into plantlets, but their growth was very slow.
... Misra, P., Pandey, V., Kochhar, S.: Study of antioxidant enzymes activity during organogenesi... more ... Misra, P., Pandey, V., Kochhar, S.: Study of antioxidant enzymes activity during organogenesis and in vitro propagation of Asiatic hybrid lily. ... Padmesh, P., Reji, JV, Jinish Dhar, M., Seeni, S.: Estimation of genetic diversity in varieties of Mucuna pruriens using RAPD. - Biol. Plant. ...
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2013
To determine the effects of different cytokinins at various concentrations on in vitro shoot mult... more To determine the effects of different cytokinins at various concentrations on in vitro shoot multiplication of an important medicinal plant. Nodal explants (1.5-2.0 cm) of Sophora tonkinensis were used. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal explants cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 µmol 2-isopentyladenine (2iP), N6 benzyladenine, kinetin or thiadiazuron. Among the four investigated cytokinins, 2iP showed the best response for shoot multiplication. Maximum shoot induction (75%) was achieved on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 µmol 2iP, with a mean number of 5.0 shoots per explant. In comparison to other cytokinins tried, 2iP showed the highest shoot elongation with a mean shoot length of 4.8 cm. Root initiation was observed within 15 d within the transfer of shoots onto the MS basal medium, and the rooting percentage was 100% with a mean number of 5.4 roots per shoot and root length of 6.2 cm over a period of...
All biological processes involve nitrogen, as it is an essential building block element, utmost e... more All biological processes involve nitrogen, as it is an essential building block element, utmost essential for survival on the earth. Nitrogen uptake is essential for plant growth, as it plays an important role in protein synthesis, coenzymes, and photosynthetic activities. Nitrate and ammonium are the chief sources of inorganic nitrogen absorbed by the roots of higher plants. Plants are able to absorb nitrogen directly from the soil or synthetic fertilizers in the form of nitrate. Nitrate absorbed in this manner is converted finally to ammonium by the enzymes. The uptake of nitrates varies with plant species and it is the most important step in efficient nitrogen utilization by plants. Nitrate has been found to be deposited in tissues of some plants. The restricted availability of nitrogen to plants and its potential to enhance growth in crops have forced the development of a huge N-based fertilizer trade worldwide. This fertilization is essential, but on the other hand it becomes environmental hazards at an alarming rate. The matter of concern is ammonium at high concentrations is toxic to plants and nitrate leached out of soil is polluting ground water as well. The genetic control and physiological regulation of nitrogen uptake by plants is yet to be explored. The aim of this chapter is to provide a detailed account on effects of nitrate and ammonium on growth of the plants. Here, we tried to gather recent information regarding uptake by plants, toxic effects of nitrate and ammonium on plants, and the control mechanism for uptake of nitrogen.
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