Abstract Amount and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic
extractives were analyzed in the c... more Abstract Amount and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic
extractives were analyzed in the cones of five
coniferous species, namely Pinus halepensis, P. brutia,
P. pinea, P. sylvestris and P. nigra, growing natively in
Turkey. Lipophilic extractives amounts, identified by GC,
were found to be the highest in P. brutia (35.1 mg g−1) and
P. halepensis (31.3 mg g−1) while the lowest values were
found in P. sylvestris (9.0 mg g−1). Resin acids were the
major lipophilic group in all cones. The predominant resin
acids were abietic acid in P. pinea, P. halepensis and P. brutia,
dehydroabietic acid in P. sylvestris, and isopimaric acid
in P. nigra. Compared to lipophilic extractives, the amount
of total hydrophilic extractives showed similar gravimetric
values while sugars and sugar alcohols were the dominant
grou
Abstract The composition of phenolic compounds was
studied in the cones and berries of coniferou... more Abstract The composition of phenolic compounds was
studied in the cones and berries of coniferous species which
are growing in Turkey. Total amount of phenolics was
determined as 0.68–3.69 mg g−1 in Abies species, 0.06–
1.70 mg g−1 in Pinus species, 0.54 mg g−1 in Picea orientalis,
3.31–6.39 mg g−1 in Cupressus species and 0.20–
0.60 mg g−1 in Juniperus species. Under the same experimental
conditions no detectable amount of phenolic compound
was found in the cones of Cedrus Libani and in some
Juniperus berries. Flavanoids, especially catechin, were the
predominant compounds in all of the cones and berries. Lignans
were determined only in the cones of Abies species.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was found in all cones except
P. brutia and Picea orientalis.
Abstract Composition of polysaccharides in the cones of conifer species growing
in Turkey was st... more Abstract Composition of polysaccharides in the cones of conifer species growing
in Turkey was studied. The content of polysaccharides was between 39 and 57%
(w/w). The total amount of polysaccharides was generally higher in pine species.
Polyoses were the predominant polysaccharides. The percentage of polyoses was
between 23.3 and 33.9% (w/w). The main units of polyoses were mannose and
galactose, while in some species xylose was the other important sugar unit. Between
1 and 6.7% of the polyoses were soluble in hot water. Polyoses were more readily
dissolved from fir species than from other species. Galactoglucomannan was dissolved
from all cones. Contrary to wood, the content of cellulose was only between
13 and 27.5% (w/w) in cones
ÖZET
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu ya... more ÖZET
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu yağlar, Romacılardan
başlayarak günümüze kadar farklı şekillerde elde edilmiştir. Destilasyon, özellikle su destilasyonu (HD),
ekstraksiyon ve presleme yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Süperkritik sıvı ekstraksiyonu (SFE),
mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu (MWE) ve katı-faz mikroekstraksiyonu (SPME) vb. ise son yıllarda uygulanan
modern yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, uçucu yağ eldesin de kullanılan yöntemler genel olarak ele alınmış, avantaj
ve dezavantajları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uçucu yağ, Destilasyon, Ekstraksiyon, HD, SFE.
ABSTRACT
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four diff... more ABSTRACT
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four different Turkish native
fir species were studied. Phenolic components consisted of mainly phenolic acids, lignans and streols.
Total contents of phenolics in axis parts were 0.64 mg/g in A.equi-trojani, 1.24 mg/g in A.cilicica, 0.89
mg/g in A. nordmanniana and 2.3 mg/g in A.bormülleriana. The amounts were 0.3 mg/g, 0.87 mg/g, 0.76
mg/g and 1.97 mg/g in ocrea respectively.Significant differences were detected both in the composition of
the species both in axis and ocrea for lignan composition. While nortachelogenin was found only in the
ocrea, lariciresinol and pinoresinol were seen in the axes . The amount of matairesinol was found to be
higher in axes then ocrea
Keywords: A. equi-trojani,A. cilicica,A. nordmannia,A. bormülleriana, fir, cone, lignan,
streols, phenolics
ABSTRACT
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family g... more ABSTRACT
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family grown natively in
Turkey were investigated. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by Hydrodistillation
method from the cones of Turkish native species was studied. Oil yield was found 0.13-0.48 mL/100g in
the pine cones, 0.42-0.59 mL/100g in the fir, 0.36 mL/100g in the spruce and 0.37 mL/100g in the cedrus.
While a-pinene (47.1 -14.8 %) was the main constituent of P.syvestris, P.nigra and P.halepensis,
limonene (62.8 %) in P. pinea and b-pinene (39.6 %) in P.brutia were found higher. Likewise P.pinea,
limonene (22.7 %) was the main compound in Cedrus libani. In fir species major compounds were a-
pinene (70.6-53 %) and b-pinene (10.9-8.2 %). Contrary to other species b-pinene (32.7 %) was found as
a major compound in Picea orientalis.
Keywords: Essential oil, VOC, Pinacea, Fir, Cones
Extractive composition of berries from the syrian juniper and five
different juniperus species, ... more Extractive composition of berries from the syrian juniper and five
different juniperus species, growing natively in Turkey, was studied.
In order to improve the usage of nonwood products detailed chemical
analyses are needed while some of these berries are used in food and
pharmacy. Matured berries were sequentially extracted with an ASE
apparatus (Accelareted Solvent Extractor). n-Hexane was used first
for lipophilic extractives and then acetone:water (95:1 v/v) mixture
for hydrophilics. Quantitatif and qualitatif analyses were performed
with GC and GC-MS.Total amount of identified lipophilics was found to
be higher in J.oxycedrus (131 mg/g) while the lowest in J.foetsima
(13,3 mg/g). Resin acids was the main group of components in all
berries. With in different amounts cis-and trans-communic acid,
juniperexcelsic acid and myrceocummunic acid were the major resin
acids found in berries. Contrary to lipophilics, total amount identified
hydrophilics was found to be highest in J.foetsima (136 mg/g) and
lowest value in J.excelsa (42 mg/g). Sugars-sugar alcohols, phenolics
and flavanoids are the constituents of hydrophilics. Sugars and sugar
alcohols are forming the 90 % of total hydrophilics.
Abstract Amount and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic
extractives were analyzed in the c... more Abstract Amount and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic
extractives were analyzed in the cones of five
coniferous species, namely Pinus halepensis, P. brutia,
P. pinea, P. sylvestris and P. nigra, growing natively in
Turkey. Lipophilic extractives amounts, identified by GC,
were found to be the highest in P. brutia (35.1 mg g−1) and
P. halepensis (31.3 mg g−1) while the lowest values were
found in P. sylvestris (9.0 mg g−1). Resin acids were the
major lipophilic group in all cones. The predominant resin
acids were abietic acid in P. pinea, P. halepensis and P. brutia,
dehydroabietic acid in P. sylvestris, and isopimaric acid
in P. nigra. Compared to lipophilic extractives, the amount
of total hydrophilic extractives showed similar gravimetric
values while sugars and sugar alcohols were the dominant
grou
Abstract The composition of phenolic compounds was
studied in the cones and berries of coniferou... more Abstract The composition of phenolic compounds was
studied in the cones and berries of coniferous species which
are growing in Turkey. Total amount of phenolics was
determined as 0.68–3.69 mg g−1 in Abies species, 0.06–
1.70 mg g−1 in Pinus species, 0.54 mg g−1 in Picea orientalis,
3.31–6.39 mg g−1 in Cupressus species and 0.20–
0.60 mg g−1 in Juniperus species. Under the same experimental
conditions no detectable amount of phenolic compound
was found in the cones of Cedrus Libani and in some
Juniperus berries. Flavanoids, especially catechin, were the
predominant compounds in all of the cones and berries. Lignans
were determined only in the cones of Abies species.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was found in all cones except
P. brutia and Picea orientalis.
Abstract Composition of polysaccharides in the cones of conifer species growing
in Turkey was st... more Abstract Composition of polysaccharides in the cones of conifer species growing
in Turkey was studied. The content of polysaccharides was between 39 and 57%
(w/w). The total amount of polysaccharides was generally higher in pine species.
Polyoses were the predominant polysaccharides. The percentage of polyoses was
between 23.3 and 33.9% (w/w). The main units of polyoses were mannose and
galactose, while in some species xylose was the other important sugar unit. Between
1 and 6.7% of the polyoses were soluble in hot water. Polyoses were more readily
dissolved from fir species than from other species. Galactoglucomannan was dissolved
from all cones. Contrary to wood, the content of cellulose was only between
13 and 27.5% (w/w) in cones
ÖZET
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu ya... more ÖZET
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu yağlar, Romacılardan
başlayarak günümüze kadar farklı şekillerde elde edilmiştir. Destilasyon, özellikle su destilasyonu (HD),
ekstraksiyon ve presleme yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Süperkritik sıvı ekstraksiyonu (SFE),
mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu (MWE) ve katı-faz mikroekstraksiyonu (SPME) vb. ise son yıllarda uygulanan
modern yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, uçucu yağ eldesin de kullanılan yöntemler genel olarak ele alınmış, avantaj
ve dezavantajları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uçucu yağ, Destilasyon, Ekstraksiyon, HD, SFE.
ABSTRACT
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four diff... more ABSTRACT
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four different Turkish native
fir species were studied. Phenolic components consisted of mainly phenolic acids, lignans and streols.
Total contents of phenolics in axis parts were 0.64 mg/g in A.equi-trojani, 1.24 mg/g in A.cilicica, 0.89
mg/g in A. nordmanniana and 2.3 mg/g in A.bormülleriana. The amounts were 0.3 mg/g, 0.87 mg/g, 0.76
mg/g and 1.97 mg/g in ocrea respectively.Significant differences were detected both in the composition of
the species both in axis and ocrea for lignan composition. While nortachelogenin was found only in the
ocrea, lariciresinol and pinoresinol were seen in the axes . The amount of matairesinol was found to be
higher in axes then ocrea
Keywords: A. equi-trojani,A. cilicica,A. nordmannia,A. bormülleriana, fir, cone, lignan,
streols, phenolics
ABSTRACT
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family g... more ABSTRACT
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family grown natively in
Turkey were investigated. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by Hydrodistillation
method from the cones of Turkish native species was studied. Oil yield was found 0.13-0.48 mL/100g in
the pine cones, 0.42-0.59 mL/100g in the fir, 0.36 mL/100g in the spruce and 0.37 mL/100g in the cedrus.
While a-pinene (47.1 -14.8 %) was the main constituent of P.syvestris, P.nigra and P.halepensis,
limonene (62.8 %) in P. pinea and b-pinene (39.6 %) in P.brutia were found higher. Likewise P.pinea,
limonene (22.7 %) was the main compound in Cedrus libani. In fir species major compounds were a-
pinene (70.6-53 %) and b-pinene (10.9-8.2 %). Contrary to other species b-pinene (32.7 %) was found as
a major compound in Picea orientalis.
Keywords: Essential oil, VOC, Pinacea, Fir, Cones
Extractive composition of berries from the syrian juniper and five
different juniperus species, ... more Extractive composition of berries from the syrian juniper and five
different juniperus species, growing natively in Turkey, was studied.
In order to improve the usage of nonwood products detailed chemical
analyses are needed while some of these berries are used in food and
pharmacy. Matured berries were sequentially extracted with an ASE
apparatus (Accelareted Solvent Extractor). n-Hexane was used first
for lipophilic extractives and then acetone:water (95:1 v/v) mixture
for hydrophilics. Quantitatif and qualitatif analyses were performed
with GC and GC-MS.Total amount of identified lipophilics was found to
be higher in J.oxycedrus (131 mg/g) while the lowest in J.foetsima
(13,3 mg/g). Resin acids was the main group of components in all
berries. With in different amounts cis-and trans-communic acid,
juniperexcelsic acid and myrceocummunic acid were the major resin
acids found in berries. Contrary to lipophilics, total amount identified
hydrophilics was found to be highest in J.foetsima (136 mg/g) and
lowest value in J.excelsa (42 mg/g). Sugars-sugar alcohols, phenolics
and flavanoids are the constituents of hydrophilics. Sugars and sugar
alcohols are forming the 90 % of total hydrophilics.
Uploads
Papers by Ayben Kilic
extractives were analyzed in the cones of five
coniferous species, namely Pinus halepensis, P. brutia,
P. pinea, P. sylvestris and P. nigra, growing natively in
Turkey. Lipophilic extractives amounts, identified by GC,
were found to be the highest in P. brutia (35.1 mg g−1) and
P. halepensis (31.3 mg g−1) while the lowest values were
found in P. sylvestris (9.0 mg g−1). Resin acids were the
major lipophilic group in all cones. The predominant resin
acids were abietic acid in P. pinea, P. halepensis and P. brutia,
dehydroabietic acid in P. sylvestris, and isopimaric acid
in P. nigra. Compared to lipophilic extractives, the amount
of total hydrophilic extractives showed similar gravimetric
values while sugars and sugar alcohols were the dominant
grou
studied in the cones and berries of coniferous species which
are growing in Turkey. Total amount of phenolics was
determined as 0.68–3.69 mg g−1 in Abies species, 0.06–
1.70 mg g−1 in Pinus species, 0.54 mg g−1 in Picea orientalis,
3.31–6.39 mg g−1 in Cupressus species and 0.20–
0.60 mg g−1 in Juniperus species. Under the same experimental
conditions no detectable amount of phenolic compound
was found in the cones of Cedrus Libani and in some
Juniperus berries. Flavanoids, especially catechin, were the
predominant compounds in all of the cones and berries. Lignans
were determined only in the cones of Abies species.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was found in all cones except
P. brutia and Picea orientalis.
in Turkey was studied. The content of polysaccharides was between 39 and 57%
(w/w). The total amount of polysaccharides was generally higher in pine species.
Polyoses were the predominant polysaccharides. The percentage of polyoses was
between 23.3 and 33.9% (w/w). The main units of polyoses were mannose and
galactose, while in some species xylose was the other important sugar unit. Between
1 and 6.7% of the polyoses were soluble in hot water. Polyoses were more readily
dissolved from fir species than from other species. Galactoglucomannan was dissolved
from all cones. Contrary to wood, the content of cellulose was only between
13 and 27.5% (w/w) in cones
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu yağlar, Romacılardan
başlayarak günümüze kadar farklı şekillerde elde edilmiştir. Destilasyon, özellikle su destilasyonu (HD),
ekstraksiyon ve presleme yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Süperkritik sıvı ekstraksiyonu (SFE),
mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu (MWE) ve katı-faz mikroekstraksiyonu (SPME) vb. ise son yıllarda uygulanan
modern yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, uçucu yağ eldesin de kullanılan yöntemler genel olarak ele alınmış, avantaj
ve dezavantajları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uçucu yağ, Destilasyon, Ekstraksiyon, HD, SFE.
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four different Turkish native
fir species were studied. Phenolic components consisted of mainly phenolic acids, lignans and streols.
Total contents of phenolics in axis parts were 0.64 mg/g in A.equi-trojani, 1.24 mg/g in A.cilicica, 0.89
mg/g in A. nordmanniana and 2.3 mg/g in A.bormülleriana. The amounts were 0.3 mg/g, 0.87 mg/g, 0.76
mg/g and 1.97 mg/g in ocrea respectively.Significant differences were detected both in the composition of
the species both in axis and ocrea for lignan composition. While nortachelogenin was found only in the
ocrea, lariciresinol and pinoresinol were seen in the axes . The amount of matairesinol was found to be
higher in axes then ocrea
Keywords: A. equi-trojani,A. cilicica,A. nordmannia,A. bormülleriana, fir, cone, lignan,
streols, phenolics
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family grown natively in
Turkey were investigated. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by Hydrodistillation
method from the cones of Turkish native species was studied. Oil yield was found 0.13-0.48 mL/100g in
the pine cones, 0.42-0.59 mL/100g in the fir, 0.36 mL/100g in the spruce and 0.37 mL/100g in the cedrus.
While a-pinene (47.1 -14.8 %) was the main constituent of P.syvestris, P.nigra and P.halepensis,
limonene (62.8 %) in P. pinea and b-pinene (39.6 %) in P.brutia were found higher. Likewise P.pinea,
limonene (22.7 %) was the main compound in Cedrus libani. In fir species major compounds were a-
pinene (70.6-53 %) and b-pinene (10.9-8.2 %). Contrary to other species b-pinene (32.7 %) was found as
a major compound in Picea orientalis.
Keywords: Essential oil, VOC, Pinacea, Fir, Cones
different juniperus species, growing natively in Turkey, was studied.
In order to improve the usage of nonwood products detailed chemical
analyses are needed while some of these berries are used in food and
pharmacy. Matured berries were sequentially extracted with an ASE
apparatus (Accelareted Solvent Extractor). n-Hexane was used first
for lipophilic extractives and then acetone:water (95:1 v/v) mixture
for hydrophilics. Quantitatif and qualitatif analyses were performed
with GC and GC-MS.Total amount of identified lipophilics was found to
be higher in J.oxycedrus (131 mg/g) while the lowest in J.foetsima
(13,3 mg/g). Resin acids was the main group of components in all
berries. With in different amounts cis-and trans-communic acid,
juniperexcelsic acid and myrceocummunic acid were the major resin
acids found in berries. Contrary to lipophilics, total amount identified
hydrophilics was found to be highest in J.foetsima (136 mg/g) and
lowest value in J.excelsa (42 mg/g). Sugars-sugar alcohols, phenolics
and flavanoids are the constituents of hydrophilics. Sugars and sugar
alcohols are forming the 90 % of total hydrophilics.
extractives were analyzed in the cones of five
coniferous species, namely Pinus halepensis, P. brutia,
P. pinea, P. sylvestris and P. nigra, growing natively in
Turkey. Lipophilic extractives amounts, identified by GC,
were found to be the highest in P. brutia (35.1 mg g−1) and
P. halepensis (31.3 mg g−1) while the lowest values were
found in P. sylvestris (9.0 mg g−1). Resin acids were the
major lipophilic group in all cones. The predominant resin
acids were abietic acid in P. pinea, P. halepensis and P. brutia,
dehydroabietic acid in P. sylvestris, and isopimaric acid
in P. nigra. Compared to lipophilic extractives, the amount
of total hydrophilic extractives showed similar gravimetric
values while sugars and sugar alcohols were the dominant
grou
studied in the cones and berries of coniferous species which
are growing in Turkey. Total amount of phenolics was
determined as 0.68–3.69 mg g−1 in Abies species, 0.06–
1.70 mg g−1 in Pinus species, 0.54 mg g−1 in Picea orientalis,
3.31–6.39 mg g−1 in Cupressus species and 0.20–
0.60 mg g−1 in Juniperus species. Under the same experimental
conditions no detectable amount of phenolic compound
was found in the cones of Cedrus Libani and in some
Juniperus berries. Flavanoids, especially catechin, were the
predominant compounds in all of the cones and berries. Lignans
were determined only in the cones of Abies species.
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was found in all cones except
P. brutia and Picea orientalis.
in Turkey was studied. The content of polysaccharides was between 39 and 57%
(w/w). The total amount of polysaccharides was generally higher in pine species.
Polyoses were the predominant polysaccharides. The percentage of polyoses was
between 23.3 and 33.9% (w/w). The main units of polyoses were mannose and
galactose, while in some species xylose was the other important sugar unit. Between
1 and 6.7% of the polyoses were soluble in hot water. Polyoses were more readily
dissolved from fir species than from other species. Galactoglucomannan was dissolved
from all cones. Contrary to wood, the content of cellulose was only between
13 and 27.5% (w/w) in cones
Kozmetik, parfümeri, farmakoloji ve gıda sanayisi gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan uçucu yağlar, Romacılardan
başlayarak günümüze kadar farklı şekillerde elde edilmiştir. Destilasyon, özellikle su destilasyonu (HD),
ekstraksiyon ve presleme yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Süperkritik sıvı ekstraksiyonu (SFE),
mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu (MWE) ve katı-faz mikroekstraksiyonu (SPME) vb. ise son yıllarda uygulanan
modern yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, uçucu yağ eldesin de kullanılan yöntemler genel olarak ele alınmış, avantaj
ve dezavantajları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uçucu yağ, Destilasyon, Ekstraksiyon, HD, SFE.
In this study, composition of phenolics in axes and ocrea of fresh cones from four different Turkish native
fir species were studied. Phenolic components consisted of mainly phenolic acids, lignans and streols.
Total contents of phenolics in axis parts were 0.64 mg/g in A.equi-trojani, 1.24 mg/g in A.cilicica, 0.89
mg/g in A. nordmanniana and 2.3 mg/g in A.bormülleriana. The amounts were 0.3 mg/g, 0.87 mg/g, 0.76
mg/g and 1.97 mg/g in ocrea respectively.Significant differences were detected both in the composition of
the species both in axis and ocrea for lignan composition. While nortachelogenin was found only in the
ocrea, lariciresinol and pinoresinol were seen in the axes . The amount of matairesinol was found to be
higher in axes then ocrea
Keywords: A. equi-trojani,A. cilicica,A. nordmannia,A. bormülleriana, fir, cone, lignan,
streols, phenolics
In this study, yields and composition of essential oils of cones from Pinaceae family grown natively in
Turkey were investigated. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by Hydrodistillation
method from the cones of Turkish native species was studied. Oil yield was found 0.13-0.48 mL/100g in
the pine cones, 0.42-0.59 mL/100g in the fir, 0.36 mL/100g in the spruce and 0.37 mL/100g in the cedrus.
While a-pinene (47.1 -14.8 %) was the main constituent of P.syvestris, P.nigra and P.halepensis,
limonene (62.8 %) in P. pinea and b-pinene (39.6 %) in P.brutia were found higher. Likewise P.pinea,
limonene (22.7 %) was the main compound in Cedrus libani. In fir species major compounds were a-
pinene (70.6-53 %) and b-pinene (10.9-8.2 %). Contrary to other species b-pinene (32.7 %) was found as
a major compound in Picea orientalis.
Keywords: Essential oil, VOC, Pinacea, Fir, Cones
different juniperus species, growing natively in Turkey, was studied.
In order to improve the usage of nonwood products detailed chemical
analyses are needed while some of these berries are used in food and
pharmacy. Matured berries were sequentially extracted with an ASE
apparatus (Accelareted Solvent Extractor). n-Hexane was used first
for lipophilic extractives and then acetone:water (95:1 v/v) mixture
for hydrophilics. Quantitatif and qualitatif analyses were performed
with GC and GC-MS.Total amount of identified lipophilics was found to
be higher in J.oxycedrus (131 mg/g) while the lowest in J.foetsima
(13,3 mg/g). Resin acids was the main group of components in all
berries. With in different amounts cis-and trans-communic acid,
juniperexcelsic acid and myrceocummunic acid were the major resin
acids found in berries. Contrary to lipophilics, total amount identified
hydrophilics was found to be highest in J.foetsima (136 mg/g) and
lowest value in J.excelsa (42 mg/g). Sugars-sugar alcohols, phenolics
and flavanoids are the constituents of hydrophilics. Sugars and sugar
alcohols are forming the 90 % of total hydrophilics.