In developmental studies, the infrastructural sector is considered as an important component of o... more In developmental studies, the infrastructural sector is considered as an important component of overall economic development. The infrastructural growth in the state of Uttar Pradesh is undoubtedly critical since independence. The main focus of this paper is to uncover the principal factors or dimensions of infrastructural characteristics and to quantify the level of infrastructural development of Uttar Pradesh into five clusters having different grade of development using Exploratory Factor Analysis & K-means Cluster Analysis. The analysis has been carried out by taking into account various infrastructural indicators for the time period of two years from 2018 to 2019. The results of the present analysis led to the identification of the five factors of infrastructural characteristics, and the classification of all the seventy-five districts of Uttar Pradesh into five regions with different degree of infrastructural development. The ‘infrastructural regions’ uncovered through this pr...
This article deals with the estimation of parameters and reliability characteristics of Lindley d... more This article deals with the estimation of parameters and reliability characteristics of Lindley distribution underrandom censoring. Expected time on test based on randomly censored data is obtained. The maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and reliability characteristics are derived. The asymptotic, bootstrap p and bootstrap t confidence intervals of the parameters are constructed. The Bayes estimators of the parameters and reliability characteristics under squared error loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors are obtained. For computing of Bayes estimates, Lindley approximation and MCMC methods are considered. Highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals of the parameters are obtained using MCMC method. Various estimation procedures are compared using a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, a real data set is analyzed for illustration purposes.
Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants ... more Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’and‘intermediate’) of An. stephensi have been reported on the basis of ecology and egg morphology. However, it is unclear if there is any genetic isolation between the three variants. We analyzed the three variants of An. stephensi using eight microsatellite loci and found that large and significant genetic differentiation exists between them (mean FST= 0.393 and mean RST= 0.422). Pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation between the variants were ‘type’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.411 and mean RST= 0.308), ‘type’ versus ‘intermediate’ (mean FST= 0.388 and mean RST= 0.518) and ‘intermediate’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.387 and mean RST= 0.398) and all were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The greater sensitivity of RST in differentiation indicated that mutations and not genetic drift had generated the differences between three variants of An. st...
Background: Mumbai is one of the most populous and high HIV prevalence cities in India. It has wi... more Background: Mumbai is one of the most populous and high HIV prevalence cities in India. It has witnessed substantial changes in HIV-risk behaviors and a decline in HIV prevalence among high-risk groups during the past decade. Aim: To examine the changing pattern in the number of new HIV infections by transmission routes in Mumbai during 2000-2017. Methods: We used the Asian Epidemic Model by dividing the adult population (aged 15 and above) into seven subgroups: brothel-based and non-brothel based female sex workers (FSWs), heterosexual clients of FSWs, men who have sex with men/transgendered people (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), general women and general men. The MSM subgroup included homosexual and bisexual men. Results: New HIV infections among adults reduced by 86 % during 2000-2010. The highest decline was among FSWs and their heterosexual clients (95%-98%), followed by MSM (82%), general women (77%), IDUs (51%) and general men (42%). Most new HIV infections during 2011-20...
Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods, 1991
Stein-rule estimation is a well-known method to improve the unbiased OLSE in the sense of smaller... more Stein-rule estimation is a well-known method to improve the unbiased OLSE in the sense of smaller Mean-Square-Error. The paper is investigating the behaviour of this efficiency relation in case of misspecification of the linear model caused by inclusion of superfluous variables
The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-di... more The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India
This article considers a linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the use of ... more This article considers a linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the use of a stochastic proxy variable. The analysis indicates the decline in efficiency of the predictions arising from the ordinary least squares and the Stein-rule estimation procedures when a proxy variable is used in the place of an unobservable variable. However, the performance of the Stein-rule predictions is still found to be better than the ordinary least squares predictions over a broad range of k, the characterizing scalar of the Stein-rule estimator.
The objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the mixed regression estimator (MRE)... more The objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the mixed regression estimator (MRE) utilising incomplete prior information when there is misspecification related to inclusion of some superfluous variables. Assuming disturbances to be not necessarily normal, the conditions for the supriority of, MRE over the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator are obtained using small disturbances asymptotic approximations.
This article considers a misspecified linear regression model in which misspecification relates t... more This article considers a misspecified linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the inclusion of some explanatory variables. Assuming the distribution of disturbances to be not necessarily normal, this paper investigates the ...
ABSTRACT The article considers the predictive efficiency of some improved estimators of coefficie... more ABSTRACT The article considers the predictive efficiency of some improved estimators of coefficients in linear regression models, constructed with the help of the Stein rule when there are some stochastic linear restrictions on the vector of unknown parameters. Assuming the distribution of disturbances to be not necessarily normal, an attempt is made to compare the performance of improved and mixed regression estimators in terms of their respective risks.
In this article, estimation of stress-strength reliability $\delta=P\left(Y<X\right)$ based on... more In this article, estimation of stress-strength reliability $\delta=P\left(Y<X\right)$ based on progressively first failure censored data from two independent inverse Weibull distributions with different shape and scale parameters is studied. Maximum likelihood estimator and asymptotic confidence interval of $\delta$ are obtained. Bayes estimator of $\delta$ under generalized entropy loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors is derived. Also, highest posterior density credible interval of $\delta$ is constructed. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is used for Bayes computation. The performance of various estimation methods are compared by a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, a pair of real life data is analyzed to illustrate the proposed methods of estimation.
In developmental studies, the infrastructural sector is considered as an important component of o... more In developmental studies, the infrastructural sector is considered as an important component of overall economic development. The infrastructural growth in the state of Uttar Pradesh is undoubtedly critical since independence. The main focus of this paper is to uncover the principal factors or dimensions of infrastructural characteristics and to quantify the level of infrastructural development of Uttar Pradesh into five clusters having different grade of development using Exploratory Factor Analysis & K-means Cluster Analysis. The analysis has been carried out by taking into account various infrastructural indicators for the time period of two years from 2018 to 2019. The results of the present analysis led to the identification of the five factors of infrastructural characteristics, and the classification of all the seventy-five districts of Uttar Pradesh into five regions with different degree of infrastructural development. The ‘infrastructural regions’ uncovered through this pr...
This article deals with the estimation of parameters and reliability characteristics of Lindley d... more This article deals with the estimation of parameters and reliability characteristics of Lindley distribution underrandom censoring. Expected time on test based on randomly censored data is obtained. The maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and reliability characteristics are derived. The asymptotic, bootstrap p and bootstrap t confidence intervals of the parameters are constructed. The Bayes estimators of the parameters and reliability characteristics under squared error loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors are obtained. For computing of Bayes estimates, Lindley approximation and MCMC methods are considered. Highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals of the parameters are obtained using MCMC method. Various estimation procedures are compared using a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, a real data set is analyzed for illustration purposes.
Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants ... more Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’and‘intermediate’) of An. stephensi have been reported on the basis of ecology and egg morphology. However, it is unclear if there is any genetic isolation between the three variants. We analyzed the three variants of An. stephensi using eight microsatellite loci and found that large and significant genetic differentiation exists between them (mean FST= 0.393 and mean RST= 0.422). Pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation between the variants were ‘type’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.411 and mean RST= 0.308), ‘type’ versus ‘intermediate’ (mean FST= 0.388 and mean RST= 0.518) and ‘intermediate’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.387 and mean RST= 0.398) and all were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The greater sensitivity of RST in differentiation indicated that mutations and not genetic drift had generated the differences between three variants of An. st...
Background: Mumbai is one of the most populous and high HIV prevalence cities in India. It has wi... more Background: Mumbai is one of the most populous and high HIV prevalence cities in India. It has witnessed substantial changes in HIV-risk behaviors and a decline in HIV prevalence among high-risk groups during the past decade. Aim: To examine the changing pattern in the number of new HIV infections by transmission routes in Mumbai during 2000-2017. Methods: We used the Asian Epidemic Model by dividing the adult population (aged 15 and above) into seven subgroups: brothel-based and non-brothel based female sex workers (FSWs), heterosexual clients of FSWs, men who have sex with men/transgendered people (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), general women and general men. The MSM subgroup included homosexual and bisexual men. Results: New HIV infections among adults reduced by 86 % during 2000-2010. The highest decline was among FSWs and their heterosexual clients (95%-98%), followed by MSM (82%), general women (77%), IDUs (51%) and general men (42%). Most new HIV infections during 2011-20...
Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods, 1991
Stein-rule estimation is a well-known method to improve the unbiased OLSE in the sense of smaller... more Stein-rule estimation is a well-known method to improve the unbiased OLSE in the sense of smaller Mean-Square-Error. The paper is investigating the behaviour of this efficiency relation in case of misspecification of the linear model caused by inclusion of superfluous variables
The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-di... more The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India
This article considers a linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the use of ... more This article considers a linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the use of a stochastic proxy variable. The analysis indicates the decline in efficiency of the predictions arising from the ordinary least squares and the Stein-rule estimation procedures when a proxy variable is used in the place of an unobservable variable. However, the performance of the Stein-rule predictions is still found to be better than the ordinary least squares predictions over a broad range of k, the characterizing scalar of the Stein-rule estimator.
The objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the mixed regression estimator (MRE)... more The objective of this paper is to examine the performance of the mixed regression estimator (MRE) utilising incomplete prior information when there is misspecification related to inclusion of some superfluous variables. Assuming disturbances to be not necessarily normal, the conditions for the supriority of, MRE over the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator are obtained using small disturbances asymptotic approximations.
This article considers a misspecified linear regression model in which misspecification relates t... more This article considers a misspecified linear regression model in which misspecification relates to the inclusion of some explanatory variables. Assuming the distribution of disturbances to be not necessarily normal, this paper investigates the ...
ABSTRACT The article considers the predictive efficiency of some improved estimators of coefficie... more ABSTRACT The article considers the predictive efficiency of some improved estimators of coefficients in linear regression models, constructed with the help of the Stein rule when there are some stochastic linear restrictions on the vector of unknown parameters. Assuming the distribution of disturbances to be not necessarily normal, an attempt is made to compare the performance of improved and mixed regression estimators in terms of their respective risks.
In this article, estimation of stress-strength reliability $\delta=P\left(Y<X\right)$ based on... more In this article, estimation of stress-strength reliability $\delta=P\left(Y<X\right)$ based on progressively first failure censored data from two independent inverse Weibull distributions with different shape and scale parameters is studied. Maximum likelihood estimator and asymptotic confidence interval of $\delta$ are obtained. Bayes estimator of $\delta$ under generalized entropy loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors is derived. Also, highest posterior density credible interval of $\delta$ is constructed. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is used for Bayes computation. The performance of various estimation methods are compared by a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, a pair of real life data is analyzed to illustrate the proposed methods of estimation.
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