Dr. A. Amsath,Associate Professor of Zoology,Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam- 614 701,Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India.Email ID: aamsath@gmail.com, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences Website: www.ijzab.com, Email: editorijzab@gmail.com Admin,Zoology Resources Website: www.zoologyresources.comThis is the site for Zoology Notes, Books, PPT Articles, Thesis, Reference Papers and Job Search.Email: zoologyresources@gmail.com
International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 2021
Environmental Health Officer play a critical role in the containment of COVID19 in view of Outbre... more Environmental Health Officer play a critical role in the containment of COVID19 in view of Outbreak of COVID 19 in Nigeria, Environmental Health Officer has numerous role to play ranging of health education, management of medical generated from treatment COVID Patient, disinfection and decontamination of environment, ensuring health worker in the frontline of management of COVID patient follows safety protocol in the course of discharging their duty and also help in investigation of people who are exposure to the disease through contact tracing,. Environmental health Officers ensure environmental sanitation is being practiced so as to strengthen environmental hygiene in an effort to contain the spread of COVID 19. This study adopted a qualitative approach, primary and secondary data were used for the purpose of data collection for the study
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
The predatory efficiency of Sphaerodema rusticum on Culex quenquefasciatus has been assessed base... more The predatory efficiency of Sphaerodema rusticum on Culex quenquefasciatus has been assessed based on its predatory behaviour and the predator-prey relationship. Sequential behavioural strategies and duration of each event of the predation on prey were observed. Predator efficiency was assessed by prey death in different densities of prey groups, sex of predators and the prey sizes. S. rusticum recognizes and approaches its prey, C. quiquefasciatus. Sometimes the predator waits until a prey reaches its vicinity. At higher prey density, they quickly capture the prey by their fore legs, pierce the body using their proboscis and suck the contents. S. rusticum uses its visual sense to recognize and capture the prey. Blocking the visual sense experimentally resulted in poor predatory efficiency, when compared to that of the control. The predatory efficiency was much less in those insects whose tibial hairs of the fore legs were coated with moulten wax. Studies on the predator-prey relati...
Increase global warming and climate changes affect disease transmission by shifting the vector... more Increase global warming and climate changes affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and by shortening the pathogen incubation period in the children, the elderly and communities living in poverty. Severe climate sensitive vector-borne diseases are accompanied by increases in the incidence of the disease. The present investigation aimed to investigate regional analysis of malaria in some coastal districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Totally 120 samples were collected from both male and female (age range of 20 to 50 years) of during the period of monsoon (from September 2006 to November 2009) in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Cudallore districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Malaria was diagnosed by a thick film and thin film blood smears method. Later on blood smears were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and examined microscopically to identify the Plasmodium species. Malaria has reemerged as a major public health problem in India during the past few years. It out break...
ABSTRACT: Present work deals with an assessment of some physico chemical parameters of the water ... more ABSTRACT: Present work deals with an assessment of some physico chemical parameters of the water bodies of two rivers (Cauvery and Arasalar) which is suitable for human consumption have been carried out during the period of one year (January 2010 to December 2010). Analysis of some physico-chemical characteristics like air temperature, water temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, pH, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD has been done during the investigation period. BOD values were not compiling with WHO guide lines in the River Cauvery and total solids and BOD values were not compiling with WHO guide lines in the River Arasalar. Study indicates the rivers were slightly polluted by anthropogenic performance due to local anthropogenic activities, agricultural runoff and discharge of untreated municipal sewage, religious credence and subject to amend owed to seasons, climate and flows and influx o...
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was an attempt to examine the composition, abundance, frequen... more ABSTRACT: The present investigation was an attempt to examine the composition, abundance, frequency of occurrence and diversity of net zooplankton species inhabiting in river Cauvery and its tributaries Arasalar at Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India. From the selected 6 stations of river Cauvery and its tributaries Arasalar water samples were collected at monthly intervals. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of zooplankton were carried out during the year 2010 January to December. In the river Cauvery 45 species of zooplankton were identified. Rotifera species was dominant (34.97%); followed by Cladocera (29.92%), Copepoda (18.27%), Protozoa (12.2%) and Ostracoda (8.72%).
As a low-cost and eco-friendly control tool, Ag nanoparticles were fabricated usingHedyotis puber... more As a low-cost and eco-friendly control tool, Ag nanoparticles were fabricated usingHedyotis puberulaaqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent and showed potent activity against malaria and arbovirus vectors with low biotoxicity against non-target aquatic organisms.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
A preliminary survey of the spider fauna of Mangroves at Adirampattinam coast, Tamil Nadu was car... more A preliminary survey of the spider fauna of Mangroves at Adirampattinam coast, Tamil Nadu was carried out from April 2013 to July 2013. A total of 9 species of spiders belonging to 6 genera under 5 families viz., Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Eresidae were recorded. Amongst these families the Lycosa species is the most dominated throughout the study period. The species diversity and richness was highest in the month of June.
The histomorphological changes of four scent glands viz., preputial, flank, armpit and cheek glan... more The histomorphological changes of four scent glands viz., preputial, flank, armpit and cheek glands were studied in soft furred field rat species of Millardia meltada. The size and weight of the glands measured to identify the variation among the glands of male and female rats. The histomorphological changes of the glands under the transmission electron microscopic study gives a clear picture about the secretary functions of the scent glands which gives variations among the scent glands. The morphological parameters of male and female glands were significantly varied each other. All the scent glands are modified sebaceous glands comprising of irregular shaped lobules or follicles or acini. The light microscopic analysis showed that the pair of preputial glands located on each side of the penis in male and clitoris in the female. Two pairs of flank glands were located on either side of the flank region; two pairs of armpit glands are present on each side of the armpit region and two ...
Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of lead arsenate was evaluated in the Cirrhinus mrigala in static bioa... more Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of lead arsenate was evaluated in the Cirrhinus mrigala in static bioassay over a 96 –h exposure period using probit method. The 96 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of lead arsenate for fingerling fish were estimated as 7.21 mg/l respectively. Histopathological investigations revealed various degrees of pathological lesions in different organs like gill, liver, intestine and kidney. The gill showed the fusion, malformation of secondary lamellae at the tips, vaculation, hyperplasia and disintegration of epithelium. The liver of fish exposed to phenol showed cytoplasmic vaculation, necrosis and loss of hepatic cell wall. In the intestine, necrotic lesions in the epithelial layer, swellings and fusion with adjacent villi, fusion and integration of columnar epithelial layer. The kidney showed shrinkage of glomeruli, breakdown of Bowman's capsule, vacuolization and disintegration of renal epithelium. The histological alterations in the fish could ...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of to discriminate soft-furred field ra... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of to discriminate soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada rat odor from different reproductive phases, with a view toward detecting the estrous phase. Experiments were also carried out to establish the relationship between the behavioral analyses were carried out in a Y-maze apparatus, in which the soft furred field rat were acclimatized in before Y maze apparatus. The number and duration of visits, and grooming behavior by male responders towards the gland samples were recorded. Intact male rat showed a higher response towards glands samples. These results suggest that rat have the ability to discriminate the different scent gland odour. The grooming behavior shown by males in response to scent glands may be taken as key parameters to produce specific odors that probably involve both intra specific and inter specific communication.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effect to the host animal. Probiotic diets are being incorpo... more Probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effect to the host animal. Probiotic diets are being incorporated together with prebiotics in recent years. Probiotics with synbiotics elicit synergistic and more favorable actions. Administration of probiotic feed like Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diets kept the histo-architectural structure intact and promoted regeneration in the intestine of fish to increase the functionality of fish. This increased advantage of formulated probiotic and its benefits in maintaining good water quality and rapid increase in growth of L. rohita were evaluated in this study. Feeds with commericial probiotic feed obtained were evaluated with the isolated probiotic feed. The adherence of isolated probiotic feed in the intestine of Labeo rohita, alter the enzymes, microbial metabolism and improve the weight gain and survival rate.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Seasonal changes in the diversity of rotifers of the Agniyar estuary was studied from August 2013... more Seasonal changes in the diversity of rotifers of the Agniyar estuary was studied from August 2013 to February 2014. Qualitative analysis reveals the presence of 24 species belonging to 17 genera. Higher number of species (8) was recorded from family Brachionidae. Diversity was high during postmonsoon season. The density of Brachionus plicatilis was high density during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons. While, B. rubens was present in high density only during monsoon season.
This study Acute diarrhea in children is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries... more This study Acute diarrhea in children is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries. Molecular typing methods, due to their higher discriminating ability, may help in the better characterization of the Enteropathogenic E.coli and other isolates and these have been used worldwide. This study was aimed at subjecting the bacterial isolates from the stool samples to molecular typing methods like the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial strains (n=38), which were isolated over a period of six months from diarrheagenic stool samples. The bacterial strains were subjected to molecular typing methods like RAPD and PCR. Among the bacterial genera isolated, E.coli was recorded as the prominent, followed by the species of Vibrio, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Of these diversified bacterial pathogens, E.coli was found one of the commonest causative agents of diarrhea. The higher percentage of incidence of E.coli...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
The present observation was carried out to study the flank scent gland from sexually mature and r... more The present observation was carried out to study the flank scent gland from sexually mature and reproductively active male and female soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada, They were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The pheromone sources of flank scent gland differ between the sexes as well as the nature of volatile varies from source to source. Six peaks were found in higher concentration of male cheek gland. They were identified as Cyclopentanone (I), Hexadecanoicacid (II), Propanoicacid (III), 1-Octane (IV), Tetradecane (V) 3-Heptanone (VI. The cheek gland of female has five major fractions of compounds viz., Difluorohexane (I), Thiophene (II), Hydroxylamine (III), Tetradecane (IV) and 3,Heptanone (V). Odor preference test demonstrated that all the major chemical moieties identified in male flank gland were found to attract both sexes. By contrast the IV compound of male attracted conspecifics of the opposite sex, where compound I of female attr...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2014
Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human ... more Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and filariasis. The continued use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in resistance in mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides are toxic and affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air, and then natural products may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides because they are effective, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and safe to environment. Botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The ovicidal efficacy of different extracts of Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) against Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of A. adenophora with five different solvents like hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol was tested against the early third instar larvae of An. stephensi. The ovicidal activity was dete...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
The present investigations were carried out to study the ultrastructure of four different scent g... more The present investigations were carried out to study the ultrastructure of four different scent glands (Preputial, Flank, Armpit and Cheek glands) in soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada. The size and weights of the glands were measured to reveal any variation among the glands irrespective of sex. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study gives a clear picture about the secretary functions of the scent glands. The morphological parameters significantly varied from gland to gland and male to female. All the scent glands are modified sebaceous glands comprising of irregular shaped lobules or follicles or acini. The proportions of sebaceous and apocrine units differ from gland to gland. The secretary droplets accumulate in the cells until they become engorged and die and the debris pass along with the secretion through the ducts. The TEM analysis showed that the attracting substances are mixed along with the lipid droplets.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases in humans. The incidence o... more Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases in humans. The incidence of candidiasis is on the rise in hospitalized patients especially due to non-albicans Candida. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify, and perform antifungal susceptibility testing of the yeast isolates from the urine samples. The urine samples from a total of 2400 patients in the Pattukkottai over a period of 18 months were obtained. Candida species were isolated from twenty two patients. The prevalence candiduria in critically ill patients in our diagnostic centre was 3.4 percent. Females were affected predominantly (81.8%). The species were identified according to morphology and color of colonies on Chromagar Candida. C. albicans (45.5%) was the highest occurring pathogens isolated, followed by C. glabrata (22.7%), C. tropicalis (18.2%), and C. krusei (13.6%). The antifungal sensitivity tests carried out using commercially available antifungal disc. Amphotericin B and itracon...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause a many morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to... more Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause a many morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the risk factors and uropathogens of urinary tract infection in all patients. In the present study 2400 patients with clinical symptoms and suspected to UTI were examined. Clean-catch midstream urine was collected. Urine samples were inoculated, isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. Over all 650 (27.1%) uropathogens isolated belonging to 12 species with four Gram-positive, seven Gram-negative bacteria and candida spp. during the span of 12 months. The overall prevalence of UTIs in women was 69.8 % and men was 30.2%. Age-wise distribution of uropatogens was predominant in the age groups of 20-30 years both women (105, 16.2%) and men (40, 6.2%). In almost of patients (60.9%) was associated with common urinary tract infection. Urinary cystis was the second (9.7%) leading risk factor causing urinary tract infection followed by urithritis (7.9%), catheterizati...
International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 2021
Environmental Health Officer play a critical role in the containment of COVID19 in view of Outbre... more Environmental Health Officer play a critical role in the containment of COVID19 in view of Outbreak of COVID 19 in Nigeria, Environmental Health Officer has numerous role to play ranging of health education, management of medical generated from treatment COVID Patient, disinfection and decontamination of environment, ensuring health worker in the frontline of management of COVID patient follows safety protocol in the course of discharging their duty and also help in investigation of people who are exposure to the disease through contact tracing,. Environmental health Officers ensure environmental sanitation is being practiced so as to strengthen environmental hygiene in an effort to contain the spread of COVID 19. This study adopted a qualitative approach, primary and secondary data were used for the purpose of data collection for the study
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
The predatory efficiency of Sphaerodema rusticum on Culex quenquefasciatus has been assessed base... more The predatory efficiency of Sphaerodema rusticum on Culex quenquefasciatus has been assessed based on its predatory behaviour and the predator-prey relationship. Sequential behavioural strategies and duration of each event of the predation on prey were observed. Predator efficiency was assessed by prey death in different densities of prey groups, sex of predators and the prey sizes. S. rusticum recognizes and approaches its prey, C. quiquefasciatus. Sometimes the predator waits until a prey reaches its vicinity. At higher prey density, they quickly capture the prey by their fore legs, pierce the body using their proboscis and suck the contents. S. rusticum uses its visual sense to recognize and capture the prey. Blocking the visual sense experimentally resulted in poor predatory efficiency, when compared to that of the control. The predatory efficiency was much less in those insects whose tibial hairs of the fore legs were coated with moulten wax. Studies on the predator-prey relati...
Increase global warming and climate changes affect disease transmission by shifting the vector... more Increase global warming and climate changes affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and by shortening the pathogen incubation period in the children, the elderly and communities living in poverty. Severe climate sensitive vector-borne diseases are accompanied by increases in the incidence of the disease. The present investigation aimed to investigate regional analysis of malaria in some coastal districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Totally 120 samples were collected from both male and female (age range of 20 to 50 years) of during the period of monsoon (from September 2006 to November 2009) in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Cudallore districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Malaria was diagnosed by a thick film and thin film blood smears method. Later on blood smears were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and examined microscopically to identify the Plasmodium species. Malaria has reemerged as a major public health problem in India during the past few years. It out break...
ABSTRACT: Present work deals with an assessment of some physico chemical parameters of the water ... more ABSTRACT: Present work deals with an assessment of some physico chemical parameters of the water bodies of two rivers (Cauvery and Arasalar) which is suitable for human consumption have been carried out during the period of one year (January 2010 to December 2010). Analysis of some physico-chemical characteristics like air temperature, water temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, pH, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD has been done during the investigation period. BOD values were not compiling with WHO guide lines in the River Cauvery and total solids and BOD values were not compiling with WHO guide lines in the River Arasalar. Study indicates the rivers were slightly polluted by anthropogenic performance due to local anthropogenic activities, agricultural runoff and discharge of untreated municipal sewage, religious credence and subject to amend owed to seasons, climate and flows and influx o...
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was an attempt to examine the composition, abundance, frequen... more ABSTRACT: The present investigation was an attempt to examine the composition, abundance, frequency of occurrence and diversity of net zooplankton species inhabiting in river Cauvery and its tributaries Arasalar at Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India. From the selected 6 stations of river Cauvery and its tributaries Arasalar water samples were collected at monthly intervals. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of zooplankton were carried out during the year 2010 January to December. In the river Cauvery 45 species of zooplankton were identified. Rotifera species was dominant (34.97%); followed by Cladocera (29.92%), Copepoda (18.27%), Protozoa (12.2%) and Ostracoda (8.72%).
As a low-cost and eco-friendly control tool, Ag nanoparticles were fabricated usingHedyotis puber... more As a low-cost and eco-friendly control tool, Ag nanoparticles were fabricated usingHedyotis puberulaaqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent and showed potent activity against malaria and arbovirus vectors with low biotoxicity against non-target aquatic organisms.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
A preliminary survey of the spider fauna of Mangroves at Adirampattinam coast, Tamil Nadu was car... more A preliminary survey of the spider fauna of Mangroves at Adirampattinam coast, Tamil Nadu was carried out from April 2013 to July 2013. A total of 9 species of spiders belonging to 6 genera under 5 families viz., Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Eresidae were recorded. Amongst these families the Lycosa species is the most dominated throughout the study period. The species diversity and richness was highest in the month of June.
The histomorphological changes of four scent glands viz., preputial, flank, armpit and cheek glan... more The histomorphological changes of four scent glands viz., preputial, flank, armpit and cheek glands were studied in soft furred field rat species of Millardia meltada. The size and weight of the glands measured to identify the variation among the glands of male and female rats. The histomorphological changes of the glands under the transmission electron microscopic study gives a clear picture about the secretary functions of the scent glands which gives variations among the scent glands. The morphological parameters of male and female glands were significantly varied each other. All the scent glands are modified sebaceous glands comprising of irregular shaped lobules or follicles or acini. The light microscopic analysis showed that the pair of preputial glands located on each side of the penis in male and clitoris in the female. Two pairs of flank glands were located on either side of the flank region; two pairs of armpit glands are present on each side of the armpit region and two ...
Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of lead arsenate was evaluated in the Cirrhinus mrigala in static bioa... more Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of lead arsenate was evaluated in the Cirrhinus mrigala in static bioassay over a 96 –h exposure period using probit method. The 96 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of lead arsenate for fingerling fish were estimated as 7.21 mg/l respectively. Histopathological investigations revealed various degrees of pathological lesions in different organs like gill, liver, intestine and kidney. The gill showed the fusion, malformation of secondary lamellae at the tips, vaculation, hyperplasia and disintegration of epithelium. The liver of fish exposed to phenol showed cytoplasmic vaculation, necrosis and loss of hepatic cell wall. In the intestine, necrotic lesions in the epithelial layer, swellings and fusion with adjacent villi, fusion and integration of columnar epithelial layer. The kidney showed shrinkage of glomeruli, breakdown of Bowman's capsule, vacuolization and disintegration of renal epithelium. The histological alterations in the fish could ...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of to discriminate soft-furred field ra... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of to discriminate soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada rat odor from different reproductive phases, with a view toward detecting the estrous phase. Experiments were also carried out to establish the relationship between the behavioral analyses were carried out in a Y-maze apparatus, in which the soft furred field rat were acclimatized in before Y maze apparatus. The number and duration of visits, and grooming behavior by male responders towards the gland samples were recorded. Intact male rat showed a higher response towards glands samples. These results suggest that rat have the ability to discriminate the different scent gland odour. The grooming behavior shown by males in response to scent glands may be taken as key parameters to produce specific odors that probably involve both intra specific and inter specific communication.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effect to the host animal. Probiotic diets are being incorpo... more Probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effect to the host animal. Probiotic diets are being incorporated together with prebiotics in recent years. Probiotics with synbiotics elicit synergistic and more favorable actions. Administration of probiotic feed like Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diets kept the histo-architectural structure intact and promoted regeneration in the intestine of fish to increase the functionality of fish. This increased advantage of formulated probiotic and its benefits in maintaining good water quality and rapid increase in growth of L. rohita were evaluated in this study. Feeds with commericial probiotic feed obtained were evaluated with the isolated probiotic feed. The adherence of isolated probiotic feed in the intestine of Labeo rohita, alter the enzymes, microbial metabolism and improve the weight gain and survival rate.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Seasonal changes in the diversity of rotifers of the Agniyar estuary was studied from August 2013... more Seasonal changes in the diversity of rotifers of the Agniyar estuary was studied from August 2013 to February 2014. Qualitative analysis reveals the presence of 24 species belonging to 17 genera. Higher number of species (8) was recorded from family Brachionidae. Diversity was high during postmonsoon season. The density of Brachionus plicatilis was high density during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons. While, B. rubens was present in high density only during monsoon season.
This study Acute diarrhea in children is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries... more This study Acute diarrhea in children is a leading cause of mortality in the developing countries. Molecular typing methods, due to their higher discriminating ability, may help in the better characterization of the Enteropathogenic E.coli and other isolates and these have been used worldwide. This study was aimed at subjecting the bacterial isolates from the stool samples to molecular typing methods like the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial strains (n=38), which were isolated over a period of six months from diarrheagenic stool samples. The bacterial strains were subjected to molecular typing methods like RAPD and PCR. Among the bacterial genera isolated, E.coli was recorded as the prominent, followed by the species of Vibrio, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Of these diversified bacterial pathogens, E.coli was found one of the commonest causative agents of diarrhea. The higher percentage of incidence of E.coli...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
The present observation was carried out to study the flank scent gland from sexually mature and r... more The present observation was carried out to study the flank scent gland from sexually mature and reproductively active male and female soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada, They were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The pheromone sources of flank scent gland differ between the sexes as well as the nature of volatile varies from source to source. Six peaks were found in higher concentration of male cheek gland. They were identified as Cyclopentanone (I), Hexadecanoicacid (II), Propanoicacid (III), 1-Octane (IV), Tetradecane (V) 3-Heptanone (VI. The cheek gland of female has five major fractions of compounds viz., Difluorohexane (I), Thiophene (II), Hydroxylamine (III), Tetradecane (IV) and 3,Heptanone (V). Odor preference test demonstrated that all the major chemical moieties identified in male flank gland were found to attract both sexes. By contrast the IV compound of male attracted conspecifics of the opposite sex, where compound I of female attr...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2014
Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human ... more Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and filariasis. The continued use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in resistance in mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides are toxic and affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air, and then natural products may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides because they are effective, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and safe to environment. Botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The ovicidal efficacy of different extracts of Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) against Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of A. adenophora with five different solvents like hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol was tested against the early third instar larvae of An. stephensi. The ovicidal activity was dete...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
The present investigations were carried out to study the ultrastructure of four different scent g... more The present investigations were carried out to study the ultrastructure of four different scent glands (Preputial, Flank, Armpit and Cheek glands) in soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada. The size and weights of the glands were measured to reveal any variation among the glands irrespective of sex. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study gives a clear picture about the secretary functions of the scent glands. The morphological parameters significantly varied from gland to gland and male to female. All the scent glands are modified sebaceous glands comprising of irregular shaped lobules or follicles or acini. The proportions of sebaceous and apocrine units differ from gland to gland. The secretary droplets accumulate in the cells until they become engorged and die and the debris pass along with the secretion through the ducts. The TEM analysis showed that the attracting substances are mixed along with the lipid droplets.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015
Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases in humans. The incidence o... more Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases in humans. The incidence of candidiasis is on the rise in hospitalized patients especially due to non-albicans Candida. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify, and perform antifungal susceptibility testing of the yeast isolates from the urine samples. The urine samples from a total of 2400 patients in the Pattukkottai over a period of 18 months were obtained. Candida species were isolated from twenty two patients. The prevalence candiduria in critically ill patients in our diagnostic centre was 3.4 percent. Females were affected predominantly (81.8%). The species were identified according to morphology and color of colonies on Chromagar Candida. C. albicans (45.5%) was the highest occurring pathogens isolated, followed by C. glabrata (22.7%), C. tropicalis (18.2%), and C. krusei (13.6%). The antifungal sensitivity tests carried out using commercially available antifungal disc. Amphotericin B and itracon...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2013
Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause a many morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to... more Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause a many morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the risk factors and uropathogens of urinary tract infection in all patients. In the present study 2400 patients with clinical symptoms and suspected to UTI were examined. Clean-catch midstream urine was collected. Urine samples were inoculated, isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. Over all 650 (27.1%) uropathogens isolated belonging to 12 species with four Gram-positive, seven Gram-negative bacteria and candida spp. during the span of 12 months. The overall prevalence of UTIs in women was 69.8 % and men was 30.2%. Age-wise distribution of uropatogens was predominant in the age groups of 20-30 years both women (105, 16.2%) and men (40, 6.2%). In almost of patients (60.9%) was associated with common urinary tract infection. Urinary cystis was the second (9.7%) leading risk factor causing urinary tract infection followed by urithritis (7.9%), catheterizati...
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