Pregnancy involves remarkable physiological changes and the functional impact of pregnancy on the... more Pregnancy involves remarkable physiological changes and the functional impact of pregnancy on the kidney physiology is widespread involving practically all aspects of kidney functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal functions in Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies during different trimesters. A cross sectional study was carried out during July to October 2019 on Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies attending antenatal care at the National Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum State. The study covered 60 healthy pregnant ladies (20 for each trimester). The purpose of the study was explained to all participants and they were assessed after taking their consent. Blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured by standard techniques. A sample of five ml venous blood was taken in a suitable blood container for measurement of urea and creatinine using a fully automated Mindray BS-300 Chemistry Analyzer (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The...
Cytokines have been reported to be potential biological markers of, disease status in cancer pati... more Cytokines have been reported to be potential biological markers of, disease status in cancer patients. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key cytokine released from monocytes and macrophages. TNF-alpha is involved in essential biological functions such as immunoregulation, modulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this work, the role of TNF-alpha release in ovarian cancer patients was investigated. Fifty-five patients with ovarian cancer and 20 controls of matched age and parity were included in this study. TNF-alpha concentrations were measured in sera and cytosolic fractions of both groups. The results demonstrated a significant increase in TNF-alpha concentrations among patients compared to the control subjects (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a non-significant increase (P = 0.05, was observed between the different types (serous, Mucinous, and endometrioid) of epithelial ovarian cancers. Also TNF-alpha concentrations did not correlate with the disease stage. Moreove...
Background and Objective: In most areas of the world, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been in... more Background and Objective: In most areas of the world, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing over the last decade, mostly due to a combination of early detection of the neoplasm resulting from sensitive procedures and increased population exposure to radiation and unrecognized carcinogens. Methods: Cases of thyroid cancer have been retrieved from the cancer registry at King Khalid Hospital during the period from August 2012 to April 2016. Age, gender and histopathologic types have been recorded. Results: Thyroid carcinoma ranked as the second most common malignancy in females (25%) after breast cancer (31%). It constituted 20.8% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. As for males, it ranked the 4<sup>th</sup> type of malignancy after gastrointestinal cancer, lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Mean age for females and males was 38.7 +/- 13.2 and 60.25 +/- 11.5 years, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (<em&...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2017
Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, ... more Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, accounting for 31% of all diagnosed cancer cases followed by thyroid carcinoma (25%) and colorectal carcinoma (13%). Methods: In the present retrospective study, all cases of breast lesions received at the histopathology department in King Khalid Hospital, Hail, during the period from May 2011 to April 2016 have been retrieved from department files. For all cases, a trucut biopsy, lumpectomy, or modified radical mastectomy was available for histopathologic diagnosis, while 105/140 (75%) had, as well, preoperative fine needle aspirates (FNA). Results: 49 cases out of 140 (35%) breast lesions were carcinomas: 44/49 (89.75%) was invasive ductal, 2/49(4.1%) invasive lobular carcinomas, 1/49(2.05%) intracystic low grade papillary carcinoma and 2/49 (4.1%) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean age for malignant cases was 45.06 (+/-10.58): 32.6% were below the age of 40 and 30.6 below 50 years,...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2019
Although skin cancers are prevalent worldwide, it is uncommon in Ha’il region in the Kingdom of S... more Although skin cancers are prevalent worldwide, it is uncommon in Ha’il region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mostly non-melanoma sub-type. During a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017, out of a total of 120 cases of skin lesions, 29 non-melanoma cancers were retrieved from histopathology files obtained from King Khalid Hospital. As part of the study, all cases of skin cancer diagnosed during 2014 -2017 have been revised and the clinicopathological data recorded. The results show that Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common neoplasm (36%), followed by cutaneous lymphomas (mostly mycosis fungoides 25%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (21%) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (11%). Only one case of metastatic carcinoma was recorded. BCC nodular type was the most prevalent, with a mean age 57.6 years and mean size 2.73 cm. SCC was mostly grade 2, with mean size 1.9 cm and an older mean age of 72.3 cm. Increased size of lesion positively correlated with older age (p = 0.001). ...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2017
Background and Objectives: Colorectal carcinoma is increasing among both men and women worldwide.... more Background and Objectives: Colorectal carcinoma is increasing among both men and women worldwide. It has a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors and inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract. A clinicopathologic assessment of colorectal carcinoma in Hail region is done, considering any changing patterns in two 5-year periods from 2005-2009 (A) and from 2012 to 2017 (B). All data had been retrieved from histopathology files of King Khalid Hospital, Hail. Results: During period (A), 75 cases were diagnosed as colorectal carcinoma. Male patients comprised 56/75 (74.7%) of the study, with a mean age of 58.4 (36-97), while females were 19/75 (25.3%) with a mean age of 50.3(30-85) and the difference was significant (p = 0.05). M:F ratio was 2.9:1. Most common histological type was adenocarcioma in 68/75 (90.7%) patients mostly well differentiated in 44/68 (64.7%). Mucinous neoplasms comprised only 7/75 (9.3%) of cases and tended to have a higher sta...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2017
Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence rates of common types of breast c... more Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence rates of common types of breast cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was carried out over a five-year period in two referral hospitals. In this study 257 files were retrieved from departments of Surgery from different hospitals in Hail region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results: Of the 257 samples diagnosed using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for 158 patients. Of the 158 diagnosed samples, 46/158 (23.2%) were ductal carcinoma, 7/158 (4.4%) were lobular carcinoma, 3/158 (1.9%) were mixed tumours, and 102/158 (64.6) were fibroadenoma. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma are the prevalent breast lesions in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia.
The invasive potential of epithelial ovarian cancer is the main factor determining its biological... more The invasive potential of epithelial ovarian cancer is the main factor determining its biological behavior. Ets-1 transcription factor is involved in the activation of several proteases participating in tumor invasion and metastasis. The balance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its inhibitor is important in the regulation of tumor invasion. This study included 31 tumors from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in different stages, and 20 tissue samples from benign ovarian lesions as a control group. Ets-1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the MMP-2 inhibitor (TIMP-2) were measured in the cytosolic fractions using enzyme immunoassay. MMP-2 results were confirmed by gelatin zymography. ETS-1 was expressed only in the malignant group. MMP-2 and the MMP-2:TIMP-2 ratio were significantly higher in the malignant group (p=0.045 and 0.026, respectively) with significant correlation to stage and poor survival above the specified cut-off valu...
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to complications one of wh... more Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to complications one of which is diabetic foot (DF). The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of diabetic foot, pattern of amputation, associated diseases and cost effectiveness in Hail region. Results: Among 2765 diabetes cases studies during the period from January 3013- December 2015, 840 (32.92%) patients had diabetic foot. Males were found to have a higher prevalence of DF than females, male to female ratio being 1.4: 1. Most of our patients were among the age group 60-70 years. Hypertension, renal and cardiac diseases were the most common associated diseases. Seventeen patients 17/840 (2.02%) had amputations, above knee being the most common 8/17 (47.1%), followed by toes 6/17 (35.3%), below knee 2/17 (11.7%) and fingers 1/17 (5.9%) respectively. A total management cost of 1, 448,000 SR was calculated. Conclusion: Incidence of diabetic foot (32.92%) and amputations (2.02%) in Hail region are with...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2017
Background and Objectives: Incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing world-wide. In the ... more Background and Objectives: Incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing world-wide. In the present study, we evaluated diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and its efficiency in early detecting neoplastic lesions of thyroid gland over a 3-year period. Methods: Data have been retrieved from pathology files in King Khalid Hospital. For each patient, age, gender, FNA, site & size of nodule and final histopathologic diagnosis were recorded. Results: Study included 490 cases where 419 of them were female and 71 male. Male to female ratio was 1:6. Mean age was 43 years for males and 38 for females. Cases with confirmed histopathology were 131. In 101/131 (77.1%), concordance was found between FNA and histology. In 30/131 (22.9%), there was discrepancy in diagnosis. Total malignant cases were 43, out of which 14 (32.5%) were true positive and 29 (67.44%) were false negative. No false positive cases could be found in our series. Conclusion: FNA could diagnose benign nod...
Background: Neonatal jaundice occurs worldwide and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidit... more Background: Neonatal jaundice occurs worldwide and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recently, newborns are being discharged early from hospitals, so parents have the primary responsibility for early recognition, appropriate response and seeking proper treatment. Objectives: To assess parents’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards NNJ in different regions in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 4413 expectant parents during July- September 2017 had been performed. A self-administered questionnaire was created to obtain respondents information. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the answers of participants in the study. Comparing the answers to different questions within different groups was done using Pearson chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p =< 0.01 and analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Out of 4413 participants, females were (79....
Objective: We report a case of pilomatrixoma of the right cheek in a healthy 4 years old girl. Me... more Objective: We report a case of pilomatrixoma of the right cheek in a healthy 4 years old girl. Method: Case report and review of the English language literature (using PubMed, Ovid and Proquest databases). Results: Case of right cheek pilomatrixoma occurred in a young girl to be reported in the English language literature. Conclusion: Pilomatrixoma is a cutaneous neoplasm that is one of most common causes of superficial head and neck masses in children. Although the presurgical diagnosis may be difficult in some cases, pilomatrixoma must be kept in the differential of superficial head and neck masses in children. The present case highlights the importance of considering pilomatrixoma in the clinical and pathologic differential diagnosis of dermal or subcutaneous nodule even in locations other than head and neck region. Surgical excision is almost always curative.
The Pi class GST is the most ubiquitous of the human GST family, being expressed in different tis... more The Pi class GST is the most ubiquitous of the human GST family, being expressed in different tissues. However, its role in ovarian cancer is still poorly defined. To establish normal and tumor related changes, the levels of total GST as well as its isoenzyme GST Pi, were therefore measured in ovarian tissue samples and the corresponding serum specimens obtained from patients undergoing primary surgical treatment for their disease (n = 68). The total GST activity was spectrophotometrically determined utilizing 1-Chloro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as the substrate. The GST Pi isoenzyme was measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical methods. The total GST activity, the level of GST Pi isoenzyme, the DNA content and S phase fraction were significantly higher in the malignant than in non-malignant ovarian tissues. In the malignant group the values of both cytosolic total GST and GST Pi were significantly correlated (r = 0.56, P = < 0.01). In spite of the absence of a significant correl...
Pregnancy involves remarkable physiological changes and the functional impact of pregnancy on the... more Pregnancy involves remarkable physiological changes and the functional impact of pregnancy on the kidney physiology is widespread involving practically all aspects of kidney functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal functions in Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies during different trimesters. A cross sectional study was carried out during July to October 2019 on Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies attending antenatal care at the National Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum State. The study covered 60 healthy pregnant ladies (20 for each trimester). The purpose of the study was explained to all participants and they were assessed after taking their consent. Blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured by standard techniques. A sample of five ml venous blood was taken in a suitable blood container for measurement of urea and creatinine using a fully automated Mindray BS-300 Chemistry Analyzer (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The...
Cytokines have been reported to be potential biological markers of, disease status in cancer pati... more Cytokines have been reported to be potential biological markers of, disease status in cancer patients. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key cytokine released from monocytes and macrophages. TNF-alpha is involved in essential biological functions such as immunoregulation, modulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this work, the role of TNF-alpha release in ovarian cancer patients was investigated. Fifty-five patients with ovarian cancer and 20 controls of matched age and parity were included in this study. TNF-alpha concentrations were measured in sera and cytosolic fractions of both groups. The results demonstrated a significant increase in TNF-alpha concentrations among patients compared to the control subjects (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a non-significant increase (P = 0.05, was observed between the different types (serous, Mucinous, and endometrioid) of epithelial ovarian cancers. Also TNF-alpha concentrations did not correlate with the disease stage. Moreove...
Background and Objective: In most areas of the world, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been in... more Background and Objective: In most areas of the world, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing over the last decade, mostly due to a combination of early detection of the neoplasm resulting from sensitive procedures and increased population exposure to radiation and unrecognized carcinogens. Methods: Cases of thyroid cancer have been retrieved from the cancer registry at King Khalid Hospital during the period from August 2012 to April 2016. Age, gender and histopathologic types have been recorded. Results: Thyroid carcinoma ranked as the second most common malignancy in females (25%) after breast cancer (31%). It constituted 20.8% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. As for males, it ranked the 4<sup>th</sup> type of malignancy after gastrointestinal cancer, lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Mean age for females and males was 38.7 +/- 13.2 and 60.25 +/- 11.5 years, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (<em&...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2017
Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, ... more Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, accounting for 31% of all diagnosed cancer cases followed by thyroid carcinoma (25%) and colorectal carcinoma (13%). Methods: In the present retrospective study, all cases of breast lesions received at the histopathology department in King Khalid Hospital, Hail, during the period from May 2011 to April 2016 have been retrieved from department files. For all cases, a trucut biopsy, lumpectomy, or modified radical mastectomy was available for histopathologic diagnosis, while 105/140 (75%) had, as well, preoperative fine needle aspirates (FNA). Results: 49 cases out of 140 (35%) breast lesions were carcinomas: 44/49 (89.75%) was invasive ductal, 2/49(4.1%) invasive lobular carcinomas, 1/49(2.05%) intracystic low grade papillary carcinoma and 2/49 (4.1%) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean age for malignant cases was 45.06 (+/-10.58): 32.6% were below the age of 40 and 30.6 below 50 years,...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2019
Although skin cancers are prevalent worldwide, it is uncommon in Ha’il region in the Kingdom of S... more Although skin cancers are prevalent worldwide, it is uncommon in Ha’il region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mostly non-melanoma sub-type. During a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017, out of a total of 120 cases of skin lesions, 29 non-melanoma cancers were retrieved from histopathology files obtained from King Khalid Hospital. As part of the study, all cases of skin cancer diagnosed during 2014 -2017 have been revised and the clinicopathological data recorded. The results show that Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common neoplasm (36%), followed by cutaneous lymphomas (mostly mycosis fungoides 25%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (21%) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (11%). Only one case of metastatic carcinoma was recorded. BCC nodular type was the most prevalent, with a mean age 57.6 years and mean size 2.73 cm. SCC was mostly grade 2, with mean size 1.9 cm and an older mean age of 72.3 cm. Increased size of lesion positively correlated with older age (p = 0.001). ...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2017
Background and Objectives: Colorectal carcinoma is increasing among both men and women worldwide.... more Background and Objectives: Colorectal carcinoma is increasing among both men and women worldwide. It has a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors and inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract. A clinicopathologic assessment of colorectal carcinoma in Hail region is done, considering any changing patterns in two 5-year periods from 2005-2009 (A) and from 2012 to 2017 (B). All data had been retrieved from histopathology files of King Khalid Hospital, Hail. Results: During period (A), 75 cases were diagnosed as colorectal carcinoma. Male patients comprised 56/75 (74.7%) of the study, with a mean age of 58.4 (36-97), while females were 19/75 (25.3%) with a mean age of 50.3(30-85) and the difference was significant (p = 0.05). M:F ratio was 2.9:1. Most common histological type was adenocarcioma in 68/75 (90.7%) patients mostly well differentiated in 44/68 (64.7%). Mucinous neoplasms comprised only 7/75 (9.3%) of cases and tended to have a higher sta...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2017
Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence rates of common types of breast c... more Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence rates of common types of breast cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was carried out over a five-year period in two referral hospitals. In this study 257 files were retrieved from departments of Surgery from different hospitals in Hail region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results: Of the 257 samples diagnosed using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for 158 patients. Of the 158 diagnosed samples, 46/158 (23.2%) were ductal carcinoma, 7/158 (4.4%) were lobular carcinoma, 3/158 (1.9%) were mixed tumours, and 102/158 (64.6) were fibroadenoma. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma are the prevalent breast lesions in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia.
The invasive potential of epithelial ovarian cancer is the main factor determining its biological... more The invasive potential of epithelial ovarian cancer is the main factor determining its biological behavior. Ets-1 transcription factor is involved in the activation of several proteases participating in tumor invasion and metastasis. The balance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its inhibitor is important in the regulation of tumor invasion. This study included 31 tumors from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in different stages, and 20 tissue samples from benign ovarian lesions as a control group. Ets-1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the MMP-2 inhibitor (TIMP-2) were measured in the cytosolic fractions using enzyme immunoassay. MMP-2 results were confirmed by gelatin zymography. ETS-1 was expressed only in the malignant group. MMP-2 and the MMP-2:TIMP-2 ratio were significantly higher in the malignant group (p=0.045 and 0.026, respectively) with significant correlation to stage and poor survival above the specified cut-off valu...
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to complications one of wh... more Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to complications one of which is diabetic foot (DF). The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of diabetic foot, pattern of amputation, associated diseases and cost effectiveness in Hail region. Results: Among 2765 diabetes cases studies during the period from January 3013- December 2015, 840 (32.92%) patients had diabetic foot. Males were found to have a higher prevalence of DF than females, male to female ratio being 1.4: 1. Most of our patients were among the age group 60-70 years. Hypertension, renal and cardiac diseases were the most common associated diseases. Seventeen patients 17/840 (2.02%) had amputations, above knee being the most common 8/17 (47.1%), followed by toes 6/17 (35.3%), below knee 2/17 (11.7%) and fingers 1/17 (5.9%) respectively. A total management cost of 1, 448,000 SR was calculated. Conclusion: Incidence of diabetic foot (32.92%) and amputations (2.02%) in Hail region are with...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2017
Background and Objectives: Incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing world-wide. In the ... more Background and Objectives: Incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing world-wide. In the present study, we evaluated diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and its efficiency in early detecting neoplastic lesions of thyroid gland over a 3-year period. Methods: Data have been retrieved from pathology files in King Khalid Hospital. For each patient, age, gender, FNA, site & size of nodule and final histopathologic diagnosis were recorded. Results: Study included 490 cases where 419 of them were female and 71 male. Male to female ratio was 1:6. Mean age was 43 years for males and 38 for females. Cases with confirmed histopathology were 131. In 101/131 (77.1%), concordance was found between FNA and histology. In 30/131 (22.9%), there was discrepancy in diagnosis. Total malignant cases were 43, out of which 14 (32.5%) were true positive and 29 (67.44%) were false negative. No false positive cases could be found in our series. Conclusion: FNA could diagnose benign nod...
Background: Neonatal jaundice occurs worldwide and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidit... more Background: Neonatal jaundice occurs worldwide and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recently, newborns are being discharged early from hospitals, so parents have the primary responsibility for early recognition, appropriate response and seeking proper treatment. Objectives: To assess parents’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards NNJ in different regions in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 4413 expectant parents during July- September 2017 had been performed. A self-administered questionnaire was created to obtain respondents information. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the answers of participants in the study. Comparing the answers to different questions within different groups was done using Pearson chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p =< 0.01 and analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Out of 4413 participants, females were (79....
Objective: We report a case of pilomatrixoma of the right cheek in a healthy 4 years old girl. Me... more Objective: We report a case of pilomatrixoma of the right cheek in a healthy 4 years old girl. Method: Case report and review of the English language literature (using PubMed, Ovid and Proquest databases). Results: Case of right cheek pilomatrixoma occurred in a young girl to be reported in the English language literature. Conclusion: Pilomatrixoma is a cutaneous neoplasm that is one of most common causes of superficial head and neck masses in children. Although the presurgical diagnosis may be difficult in some cases, pilomatrixoma must be kept in the differential of superficial head and neck masses in children. The present case highlights the importance of considering pilomatrixoma in the clinical and pathologic differential diagnosis of dermal or subcutaneous nodule even in locations other than head and neck region. Surgical excision is almost always curative.
The Pi class GST is the most ubiquitous of the human GST family, being expressed in different tis... more The Pi class GST is the most ubiquitous of the human GST family, being expressed in different tissues. However, its role in ovarian cancer is still poorly defined. To establish normal and tumor related changes, the levels of total GST as well as its isoenzyme GST Pi, were therefore measured in ovarian tissue samples and the corresponding serum specimens obtained from patients undergoing primary surgical treatment for their disease (n = 68). The total GST activity was spectrophotometrically determined utilizing 1-Chloro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as the substrate. The GST Pi isoenzyme was measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical methods. The total GST activity, the level of GST Pi isoenzyme, the DNA content and S phase fraction were significantly higher in the malignant than in non-malignant ovarian tissues. In the malignant group the values of both cytosolic total GST and GST Pi were significantly correlated (r = 0.56, P = < 0.01). In spite of the absence of a significant correl...
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