The topic of the paper is the role of the urban profession in the planning of the memorial comple... more The topic of the paper is the role of the urban profession in the planning of the memorial complexes and monuments in Belgrade from 1969 to 1981, during which the professional journal Urbanizam Beograda was published. Using articles published in the journal Urbanizam Beograda as its main source the paper will address the stance of the expert public in the decision-making process in the planning of memorials. This includes a review of articles on individual monuments in public spaces, urban development policies, and the most important competitions related to the memorials and monuments written about by different authors in Urbanizam Beograda. Looking at the broader historical context of Yugoslavia and its cultural policies through the prism of memorial architecture, different processes and key topics that influenced the urban design of the memorial will be addressed, as well as the regard the expert public had for the decision-making process. The research is based on an analysis of e...
Заштита градитељског наслеђа у 21. веку - изазови и могућности | Preservation of architectural heritage in 21st century: challenges and opportunities, 2023
Understanding and designing cities in a contemporary world goes beyond perceiving their final for... more Understanding and designing cities in a contemporary world goes beyond perceiving their final form. To fully comprehend the complexity of a place’s identity, it is important to go as far back into the past as possible, in order to establish the continuities and cultural practices that have impacted the development of the cities we know today. The places of these practices have mostly disappeared from the perceivable level of the city space, due to the constant process of building and rebuilding, but, thanks to digital media, it is possible not only to digitalize data about the past but also to superimpose it on the contemporary urban tissue. This paper aims to explain the methodology of studying historical urban spaces with the help of different GIS programs or photo editing software. The paper is divided into three segments: data gathering, methodology of mapping superimposed layers, and potential uses of digitalized maps in different aspects and phases of urban planning, design, and heritage studies. The results point to a new interdisciplinary methodology that combines multiple aspects of studying and understanding cities’ pasts and improving their public spaces for heritage presentation in accordance with the New Paradigm of Heritage.
Facta Universitatis Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2023
The New heritage paradigm is changing the way in which the past is valued and affirming the plura... more The New heritage paradigm is changing the way in which the past is valued and affirming the pluralised and user-oriented presentation of visible and invisible urban memory. The assumption of the paper is that reading the city as a palimpsest can be the basis for a democratic heritage presentation and a multivocal and multitemporal understanding of the past by unveiling the visible and invisible layers of urban memory. The question arises to what extent traditional formats of heritage presentation in public spaces can respond to these demands. This paper aims to explain the concept and method of reading the city as a palimpsest and to demonstrate its application in the case of Students Square in Belgrade to discover and unveil invisible urban memory, while critically reviewing the traditional presentation formats and their ability to adequately present it in public spaces. The results of the research confirm the potential of the palimpsest method and point to a selective approach and physical limitations of traditional formats to present the complexity of urban memory in urban public spaces.
Tema rada je uloga urbanističke struke u planiranju memorijalnih kompleksa i objekata u Beogradu ... more Tema rada je uloga urbanističke struke u planiranju memorijalnih kompleksa i objekata u Beogradu u periodu 1969-1981, tokom kog je izlazio stručni časopis Urbanizam Beograda. Koristeći kao glavni izvor tekstove objavljene u časopisu Urbanizam Beograda, rad će se baviti stavom stručne javnosti u procesu donošenja odluka u planiranju memorijala kroz pregled tekstova o pojedinačnim spomenicima u javnim prostorima, politikama urbanog razvoja, kao i najznačajnijim konkursima vezanim za memorijale i spomen-obeležja koji su bili tema pisanja različitih autora u Urbanizmu Beograda. Posmatrajući širi istorijski kontekst Jugoslavije i njene kulturne politike kroz prizmu memorijalne arhitekture, biće obrađeni različiti procesi i ključne teme koje su uticale na urbanističko projektovanje memorijala, kao i značaj koji je stručna javnost imala za proces donošenja odluka. Istraživanje se bazira na analizi stručnih članaka objavljenih u Urbanizmu Beograda, ali i analizi šireg društveno-političkog konteksta Beograda, kako bi se proširilo razumevanje odluka i stavova stručne javnosti u periodu 1969-1981. Cilj rada je uspostavljanje relacije između politike i struke, kao i identifikovanje primene različitih planerskih mehanizama kreiranja kolektivnog sećanja, prepoznatih u časopisu Urbanizam Beograda. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na konkretne javne prostore i konkurse u kojima je stručna javnost imala autonomiju donošenja odluka koje su se zasnivale na interdisciplinarnom pristupu planiranju, i nisu uvek bile u skladu sa društveno-političkom situacijom, a koje su bile objavljene u Urbanizmu Beograda.
Proceedings: XI CONFERENCE – ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2021
In the contemporary urban morphology, in which the cities have become more densely constructed an... more In the contemporary urban morphology, in which the cities have become more densely constructed and the number of cultural heritage layers increases over time, a new method of marking cultural heritage spaces needs to be considered, which will not additionally burden the physical aspect of public spaces. Heritage digitization is most commonly applied to document various artifacts and objects, but it is rarely used as an intervention in public spaces. The paper will explore different ways of turning contact with heritage from passive – observation, to active – interactive spatial experience. By applying urban design methods, it is possible to present heritage in situ, through different types of spatial installations. Digital installations in this case go beyond reproductive technologies for documenting heritage, thus becoming a part of public space design as „digital memorials“ with which people can interact. The paper aims to recognize different theories and methodologies of urban design, as well as to analyze the implemented cases that can be reapplied in various spatial contexts of preserving cultural heritage through digital media.
Keeping Up with Technologies to Act Responsively in Urban Environment, 2020
The topic of the paper is related to the processes of promoting the cultural heritage of Belgrade... more The topic of the paper is related to the processes of promoting the cultural heritage of Belgrade by creating a system of interactive places of remembrance. By identifying the relevant and the forgotten landmarks of Belgrade, the research aims to revive the stories of the places that played a role in the cultural development of the city but remain unmarked to this day. In the research, the landmarks are named "Mesta (Ne)Sećanja"-The places of (Non)Remembrance. The paper aims to define the means of creating site-specific virtual memorials that promote the identity of Belgrade, while simultaneously implementing the "Digital City" concept of urban development. The polygon of research is divided into two zones of Belgrade city centre, that are most visited by tourists. The focus of the work is connecting the 24 historically relevant and unmarked places in Belgrade in a single GIS-based network, which can be accessed by mobile phones or tablets in the specific locations. By connecting the georeferenced places with stories and augmented-reality (AR) models that provide interaction with users in real-time, it is possible to design virtual memorials that create the interference between the physical public space marked in 24 locations and virtual space at the specific web page or application. The paper relies on the results of an experimental project "Mesta (Ne)Sećanja" (The Places of (Non)Remembrance) conducted in 2017 that tested the implementation of the concept at the location of the "Kafana Albanija" historical landmark. The results include the numerical data of user interaction with the digital memorial as well as the guidelines for the physical sign of the memorial in the exact location, based on the tested design variables.
KEYWORDS : “Mesta (Ne)Sećanja”, site-specific, public art, augmented reality, digital memorials
The topic of this paper is the emergence and development of the 'Miljakovac 1' settlement in the ... more The topic of this paper is the emergence and development of the 'Miljakovac 1' settlement in the period from 1967 to the present. Through the planning documentation and its implementation, as well as changes to the original plan, this paper will deal with the topic of central city functions and traffic- network in the service of housing, as well as the elements necessary for the daily functioning of the settlement. Since, according to this typology, 'Miljakovac 1' is a super-block with collective housing in northern part of the settlement combined with single family housing in free-standing facilities in the south of the site, it is precisely the elements of infrastructure that make the settlement self-sufficient. Observing the market and the road network as a center of society and a civilization constant from the emergence of the first settlements to date, the question of the functioning of a settlement without a community infrastructural node is questionable, or whether this social trait is really necessary. Is it just a place of transport and trade and exchange of goods, or an important place for socializing, exchanging information and building a community. In the latest Detailed urbanism plan, the Miljakovac 1 settlement does not have, within its borders, a market. Key words: modernist settlement, traffic infrastructure, community infrastructure, settlement center
The topic of the paper is the role of the urban profession in the planning of the memorial comple... more The topic of the paper is the role of the urban profession in the planning of the memorial complexes and monuments in Belgrade from 1969 to 1981, during which the professional journal Urbanizam Beograda was published. Using articles published in the journal Urbanizam Beograda as its main source the paper will address the stance of the expert public in the decision-making process in the planning of memorials. This includes a review of articles on individual monuments in public spaces, urban development policies, and the most important competitions related to the memorials and monuments written about by different authors in Urbanizam Beograda. Looking at the broader historical context of Yugoslavia and its cultural policies through the prism of memorial architecture, different processes and key topics that influenced the urban design of the memorial will be addressed, as well as the regard the expert public had for the decision-making process. The research is based on an analysis of e...
Заштита градитељског наслеђа у 21. веку - изазови и могућности | Preservation of architectural heritage in 21st century: challenges and opportunities, 2023
Understanding and designing cities in a contemporary world goes beyond perceiving their final for... more Understanding and designing cities in a contemporary world goes beyond perceiving their final form. To fully comprehend the complexity of a place’s identity, it is important to go as far back into the past as possible, in order to establish the continuities and cultural practices that have impacted the development of the cities we know today. The places of these practices have mostly disappeared from the perceivable level of the city space, due to the constant process of building and rebuilding, but, thanks to digital media, it is possible not only to digitalize data about the past but also to superimpose it on the contemporary urban tissue. This paper aims to explain the methodology of studying historical urban spaces with the help of different GIS programs or photo editing software. The paper is divided into three segments: data gathering, methodology of mapping superimposed layers, and potential uses of digitalized maps in different aspects and phases of urban planning, design, and heritage studies. The results point to a new interdisciplinary methodology that combines multiple aspects of studying and understanding cities’ pasts and improving their public spaces for heritage presentation in accordance with the New Paradigm of Heritage.
Facta Universitatis Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2023
The New heritage paradigm is changing the way in which the past is valued and affirming the plura... more The New heritage paradigm is changing the way in which the past is valued and affirming the pluralised and user-oriented presentation of visible and invisible urban memory. The assumption of the paper is that reading the city as a palimpsest can be the basis for a democratic heritage presentation and a multivocal and multitemporal understanding of the past by unveiling the visible and invisible layers of urban memory. The question arises to what extent traditional formats of heritage presentation in public spaces can respond to these demands. This paper aims to explain the concept and method of reading the city as a palimpsest and to demonstrate its application in the case of Students Square in Belgrade to discover and unveil invisible urban memory, while critically reviewing the traditional presentation formats and their ability to adequately present it in public spaces. The results of the research confirm the potential of the palimpsest method and point to a selective approach and physical limitations of traditional formats to present the complexity of urban memory in urban public spaces.
Tema rada je uloga urbanističke struke u planiranju memorijalnih kompleksa i objekata u Beogradu ... more Tema rada je uloga urbanističke struke u planiranju memorijalnih kompleksa i objekata u Beogradu u periodu 1969-1981, tokom kog je izlazio stručni časopis Urbanizam Beograda. Koristeći kao glavni izvor tekstove objavljene u časopisu Urbanizam Beograda, rad će se baviti stavom stručne javnosti u procesu donošenja odluka u planiranju memorijala kroz pregled tekstova o pojedinačnim spomenicima u javnim prostorima, politikama urbanog razvoja, kao i najznačajnijim konkursima vezanim za memorijale i spomen-obeležja koji su bili tema pisanja različitih autora u Urbanizmu Beograda. Posmatrajući širi istorijski kontekst Jugoslavije i njene kulturne politike kroz prizmu memorijalne arhitekture, biće obrađeni različiti procesi i ključne teme koje su uticale na urbanističko projektovanje memorijala, kao i značaj koji je stručna javnost imala za proces donošenja odluka. Istraživanje se bazira na analizi stručnih članaka objavljenih u Urbanizmu Beograda, ali i analizi šireg društveno-političkog konteksta Beograda, kako bi se proširilo razumevanje odluka i stavova stručne javnosti u periodu 1969-1981. Cilj rada je uspostavljanje relacije između politike i struke, kao i identifikovanje primene različitih planerskih mehanizama kreiranja kolektivnog sećanja, prepoznatih u časopisu Urbanizam Beograda. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na konkretne javne prostore i konkurse u kojima je stručna javnost imala autonomiju donošenja odluka koje su se zasnivale na interdisciplinarnom pristupu planiranju, i nisu uvek bile u skladu sa društveno-političkom situacijom, a koje su bile objavljene u Urbanizmu Beograda.
Proceedings: XI CONFERENCE – ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2021
In the contemporary urban morphology, in which the cities have become more densely constructed an... more In the contemporary urban morphology, in which the cities have become more densely constructed and the number of cultural heritage layers increases over time, a new method of marking cultural heritage spaces needs to be considered, which will not additionally burden the physical aspect of public spaces. Heritage digitization is most commonly applied to document various artifacts and objects, but it is rarely used as an intervention in public spaces. The paper will explore different ways of turning contact with heritage from passive – observation, to active – interactive spatial experience. By applying urban design methods, it is possible to present heritage in situ, through different types of spatial installations. Digital installations in this case go beyond reproductive technologies for documenting heritage, thus becoming a part of public space design as „digital memorials“ with which people can interact. The paper aims to recognize different theories and methodologies of urban design, as well as to analyze the implemented cases that can be reapplied in various spatial contexts of preserving cultural heritage through digital media.
Keeping Up with Technologies to Act Responsively in Urban Environment, 2020
The topic of the paper is related to the processes of promoting the cultural heritage of Belgrade... more The topic of the paper is related to the processes of promoting the cultural heritage of Belgrade by creating a system of interactive places of remembrance. By identifying the relevant and the forgotten landmarks of Belgrade, the research aims to revive the stories of the places that played a role in the cultural development of the city but remain unmarked to this day. In the research, the landmarks are named "Mesta (Ne)Sećanja"-The places of (Non)Remembrance. The paper aims to define the means of creating site-specific virtual memorials that promote the identity of Belgrade, while simultaneously implementing the "Digital City" concept of urban development. The polygon of research is divided into two zones of Belgrade city centre, that are most visited by tourists. The focus of the work is connecting the 24 historically relevant and unmarked places in Belgrade in a single GIS-based network, which can be accessed by mobile phones or tablets in the specific locations. By connecting the georeferenced places with stories and augmented-reality (AR) models that provide interaction with users in real-time, it is possible to design virtual memorials that create the interference between the physical public space marked in 24 locations and virtual space at the specific web page or application. The paper relies on the results of an experimental project "Mesta (Ne)Sećanja" (The Places of (Non)Remembrance) conducted in 2017 that tested the implementation of the concept at the location of the "Kafana Albanija" historical landmark. The results include the numerical data of user interaction with the digital memorial as well as the guidelines for the physical sign of the memorial in the exact location, based on the tested design variables.
KEYWORDS : “Mesta (Ne)Sećanja”, site-specific, public art, augmented reality, digital memorials
The topic of this paper is the emergence and development of the 'Miljakovac 1' settlement in the ... more The topic of this paper is the emergence and development of the 'Miljakovac 1' settlement in the period from 1967 to the present. Through the planning documentation and its implementation, as well as changes to the original plan, this paper will deal with the topic of central city functions and traffic- network in the service of housing, as well as the elements necessary for the daily functioning of the settlement. Since, according to this typology, 'Miljakovac 1' is a super-block with collective housing in northern part of the settlement combined with single family housing in free-standing facilities in the south of the site, it is precisely the elements of infrastructure that make the settlement self-sufficient. Observing the market and the road network as a center of society and a civilization constant from the emergence of the first settlements to date, the question of the functioning of a settlement without a community infrastructural node is questionable, or whether this social trait is really necessary. Is it just a place of transport and trade and exchange of goods, or an important place for socializing, exchanging information and building a community. In the latest Detailed urbanism plan, the Miljakovac 1 settlement does not have, within its borders, a market. Key words: modernist settlement, traffic infrastructure, community infrastructure, settlement center
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Papers by Milja Mladenovic
This paper aims to explain the methodology of studying historical urban spaces with the help of different GIS programs or photo editing software. The paper is divided into three segments: data gathering, methodology of mapping superimposed layers, and potential uses of digitalized maps in different aspects and phases of urban planning, design, and heritage studies. The results point to a new interdisciplinary methodology that combines multiple aspects of studying and understanding cities’ pasts and improving their public spaces for heritage presentation in accordance with the New Paradigm of Heritage.
KEYWORDS : “Mesta (Ne)Sećanja”, site-specific, public art, augmented reality, digital memorials
Key words: modernist settlement, traffic infrastructure, community infrastructure, settlement center
This paper aims to explain the methodology of studying historical urban spaces with the help of different GIS programs or photo editing software. The paper is divided into three segments: data gathering, methodology of mapping superimposed layers, and potential uses of digitalized maps in different aspects and phases of urban planning, design, and heritage studies. The results point to a new interdisciplinary methodology that combines multiple aspects of studying and understanding cities’ pasts and improving their public spaces for heritage presentation in accordance with the New Paradigm of Heritage.
KEYWORDS : “Mesta (Ne)Sećanja”, site-specific, public art, augmented reality, digital memorials
Key words: modernist settlement, traffic infrastructure, community infrastructure, settlement center