I am Assistant Professor of Psychology, DVA PG College, BHU, Varanasi and my area of interest in research and teaching is Positive Psychology, Health, and Well Being. I have also a keen interest in Psychometrics and Statistics.
The topic of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) has received a great deal of attention ... more The topic of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) has received a great deal of attention during the last two decades (Allen & Rush, 1998; Organ, 1997). Much of this interest seems to be based on the assumption that OCBs enhance organisational effectiveness (Podsakoff, Ahearne & Mackenzie, 1997; WaIz & Niehoff, 1996).Organ (1988) defines organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as "individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes effective functioning of the organisation".Organisation behaviour researchers have distinguished between performance of the core technical duties of the job performance (in role performance or task performance) and contextual performance. Contextual performance contributes indirectly to the core technical duties by maintaining the broader organisational, social and psychological environment in-wtdch the technical core operates (Organ, 1988; Nea...
This article reports the initial validation of a new instrument, the Role Overload Scale, for ass... more This article reports the initial validation of a new instrument, the Role Overload Scale, for assessing the perception of role stress among executives’. The Items were generated in English and Hindi both languages. Face validity of the scale items were checked by expert panel and found satisfactory. Factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution which providing empirical evidence for the factorial structure of the Role Overload Scale namely un-fulfillment of social demands and insufficient of resources. Reliability of the scale (including components) was found satisfactory. The scale was also found valid in terms of item validity and convergent and divergent validity. The scale is useful to assess the perception of role overload among managerial personnel.
Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a form of behaviour which is discretionary in natur... more Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a form of behaviour which is discretionary in nature and not supported by the formal reward system of the organization although it is essential for effectives and efficient functioning of the organization. The present study was aimed to examine the mediating role of personality in perceived organisational support (POS) and OCB relationship. The study was conducted on 188 front levels managerial personnel of Indian organizations. The NEO-FFI, OCB Scale and POS Scale were used for data collection. Obtain results indicated a significant positive relationship of POS and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) with OCB. The results of mediated hierarchal regression analysis support mediating role of personality traits (conscientiousness extraversion and agreeableness) in POS -OCB relationship. With the recent drive of positive psychology, organisational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been the most researched to...
INTRODUCTIONLife of the students is full of stress since they are facing wide varieties of stress... more INTRODUCTIONLife of the students is full of stress since they are facing wide varieties of stressors, from academic activities to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and from selfdoubt to family issues (Roberti, Harrington, & Storch, 2006). A study shows that college students' stresses have increased in severity (Benton, Robertson, Tseng, Newton, & Benton, 2003). Several issues can be a source of stress for college students' e.g. grade anxiety, uncertain future, financial problems, family affairs, dealings with opposite sex, and interpersonal relationships (Chao, 2012; Darling, McWey, Howard & Olmstead, 2007). College students experience stress predominantly in conflict with the roommate, changes in eating and sleeping habits, public speech, and increased workload in courseCorresponding related activities (Darling et al., 2007).Stress in college students is found to be related to many negative (e.g., depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation) as well positive indicators...
Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 2014
Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to un... more Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to understand why potential executives are leaving organizations. Employee turnover is a burning issue in present at workplaces. Several researches have been conducted to identify the cause and consequences of the employee turnover. In this line of research, the present study is an effort to explore the relationship of trait emotional intelligence and personality (Big-Five) with turnover intention (intention to leave). The study was carried out on 100 front level executives of Indian organizations. Three standardized psychometric devices namely TEIQue-SF, Big Five Inventory-10 and Intention to leave were used for data collection. Obtained data was analyzed by using correlation and hierarchal regression analysis. Results of correlational analysis indicate that trait emotional intelligence and conscientiousness was signifi cantly negatively correlated with intention to leave whereas neuroticism...
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received attention in organizational behavior and m... more Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received attention in organizational behavior and management research since its inception. Nearly three decades ago, the term organizational citizenship behavior was identified and defined as a behavior that is discretionary in nature, not directly recognized by the formal reward system, and promotes organizational effectiveness (Organ, 1988, p.4). Podsakoff and MacKenzie (1997) documented that OCB enhances coworker performance, managerial efficiency, and the organizational ability to attract and retain the best personnel in the organization. OCB assists the development and maintenance of the social capital within the organization, which in turn produces higher levels of organizational performance and also contributes to the development of expectation, trust, mutual obligations, and recognition among the employees in the organization (Bolino Turnley, & Bloodgood, 2002). It is obvious from the previous investigations that OCB is playing a...
Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a newly emerging concept in the literature of organ... more Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a newly emerging concept in the literature of organization behaviour. The study was conducted on 188 front level managers to examine the role of personality in organizational citizenship behaviour. Along with demographical data schedule Indian adaptation of NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale were used for data collection. Obtained data were analysed by using Pearson r and hierarchal regression analyses. The results of coefficient of correlation indicate that Conscientiousness and extraversion dimensions of personality were found to be significantly positively correlated with all the five dimensions of OCB. Agreeableness dimension of personality was significantly positively correlated with all the five dimensions of OCB except civic virtue. Neuroticism dimension of personality was significantly negatively correlated with sportsmanship, courtesy and altruism dimensions of OCB. The results of hierarchal...
A fundamental assumption in the research of job performance has been that work outcomes and measu... more A fundamental assumption in the research of job performance has been that work outcomes and measures are dependent on the role behaviour associated with specific tasks and responsibilities (Scheinder, 1985). However, a work role encompasses a diversity of behaviour that also includes non-task behaviours that are relevant to the work context. These specific tasks and non-task behaviours have been identified by Katz (1964). Katz identified three basic types of non-task behaviour essential for a functioning organisation: • People must be induced to enter and remain within the system. • They must carry out specific role requirements in a dependable fashion. • There must be innovative and spontaneous activity that goes beyond role prescriptions. Concerning this third category, Katz (1964) stated, "An organisation which depends solely upon its blue prints of prescribed Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Conceptual...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) a... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) and family involvement in predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). Three standardized psychometric measures namely the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Family Involvement Scale were used for data collection. The study was conducted on 188 front level male executives of Indian organizations. The study revealed a positive and significant relationship of tangible support and informational support with the five dimensions of OCB; and intrinsic motivation (family involvement) with the five dimensions of OCB. Relationship of emotional support (POS), affective involvement and internalization of family goal (family involvement) with OCB is somewhat limited. This study provides an evidence of the positive relationship of perceived organizational support and family involvement with organizational citizenship behavior. Such ...
With current drive of Positive Psychology, Psychological Well Being (PWB) has been an imperative ... more With current drive of Positive Psychology, Psychological Well Being (PWB) has been an imperative concept for research and practices since last two decades. Several studies have been conducted to explore the antecedents of PWB. Present study is also a line of effort in this direction. The study was conducted to examine the role of traits (hope and Big five) in PWB among students of professional courses. The data was collected by using The Trait Hope Scale, Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) and Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The results show that hope was significantly positively associated with PWB. Neuroticism was significantly negatively associated with PWB whereas agreeableness was significantly positively associated with PWB. Extraversion, Openness and Conscientiousness, have not significant association with PWB. In the topical era there has been an increased interest in the study of Psychological Well Being (PWB). The field of Psychology since its beginning has devoted much mo...
Occupational stress has become a popular concept in organizational behaviour research. A lot of s... more Occupational stress has become a popular concept in organizational behaviour research. A lot of studies have been conducted to identify the causes and sources of occupational stress and its impact on employees' health and attitudes in on the job and off the-job conditions. Present study is also an effort to make a sense and increase the understanding in this regard. Variables which have been choosen in this study are occupational role stress, job satisfaction, work family conflict and work culture. Occupational stress is defined in different manners by different renowned scholars of this field. For our purpose it is useful to view stress as an adaptive response, moderated by individual and organizational differences, that is consequences of any action, situation or event (stressor) that may place special demands on an individual. Thus, stress is dealing with something that places special demands on an individual. The special demands are potential stressors, potential in sense th...
Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to un... more Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to understand why potential executives are leaving organizations. Employee turnover is a burning issue in present at workplaces. Several researches have been conducted to identify the cause and consequences of the employee turnover. In this line of research, the present study is an effort to explore the relationship of trait emotional intelligence and personality (Big-Five) with turnover intention (intention to leave). The study was carried out on 100 front level executives of Indian organizations. Three standardized psychometric devices namely TEIQue-SF, Big Five Inventory-10 and Intention to leave were used for data collection. Obtained data was analyzed by using correlation and hierarchal regression analysis. Results of correlational analysis indicate that trait emotional intelligence and conscientiousness was signifi cantly negatively correlated with intention to leave whereas neuroticism...
Because of diversity in nature of work force, issue of organizational justice is a dominant theme... more Because of diversity in nature of work force, issue of organizational justice is a dominant theme for present day organization. This is a crucial factor for organizational effectiveness and employees' well being. In this study an attempt was made to explore the linkage between organizational justice and psychological well being of executives. For this purpose present study was conducted on 210 managerial personnel of different private sector organizations from India. Organizational justice was measured by using Work Practice Inventory developed by researchers during investigation whereas psychological well -being was measured by Psychological Well Being Scale developed by Ryff (1989). Obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of correlational analysis indicate organizational justice and its various dimensions were significantly positively correlated with psychological well-being and its various dimensions while, regression analysis e...
Mental health has often focused on negative health like depression and anxiety. However in recent... more Mental health has often focused on negative health like depression and anxiety. However in recent past, there is an increasing desire to examine positive as well negative aspects of mental health. Much of this research has drawn from the rich psychological literature on well-being. By using scale of the Hope, the Psychological Well-Being and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) we endeavor to identify role of hope (agency and pathway) in well being (depression and psychological well-being) among students. The study was conducted on 200 students' sample. The result of correlation reveals that pathway dimension of hope significantly and positively correlated with psychological well-being whereas agency dimension was significantly and negatively correlated with depression. Results of regression analysis supported the findings of correlation.
Faced with the challenges of rapidly changing market forces, organizations are looking to human r... more Faced with the challenges of rapidly changing market forces, organizations are looking to human resources as an important source of competitive strength. Indeed.
The topic of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) has received a great deal of attention ... more The topic of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) has received a great deal of attention during the last two decades (Allen & Rush, 1998; Organ, 1997). Much of this interest seems to be based on the assumption that OCBs enhance organisational effectiveness (Podsakoff, Ahearne & Mackenzie, 1997; WaIz & Niehoff, 1996).Organ (1988) defines organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as "individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes effective functioning of the organisation".Organisation behaviour researchers have distinguished between performance of the core technical duties of the job performance (in role performance or task performance) and contextual performance. Contextual performance contributes indirectly to the core technical duties by maintaining the broader organisational, social and psychological environment in-wtdch the technical core operates (Organ, 1988; Nea...
This article reports the initial validation of a new instrument, the Role Overload Scale, for ass... more This article reports the initial validation of a new instrument, the Role Overload Scale, for assessing the perception of role stress among executives’. The Items were generated in English and Hindi both languages. Face validity of the scale items were checked by expert panel and found satisfactory. Factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution which providing empirical evidence for the factorial structure of the Role Overload Scale namely un-fulfillment of social demands and insufficient of resources. Reliability of the scale (including components) was found satisfactory. The scale was also found valid in terms of item validity and convergent and divergent validity. The scale is useful to assess the perception of role overload among managerial personnel.
Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a form of behaviour which is discretionary in natur... more Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a form of behaviour which is discretionary in nature and not supported by the formal reward system of the organization although it is essential for effectives and efficient functioning of the organization. The present study was aimed to examine the mediating role of personality in perceived organisational support (POS) and OCB relationship. The study was conducted on 188 front levels managerial personnel of Indian organizations. The NEO-FFI, OCB Scale and POS Scale were used for data collection. Obtain results indicated a significant positive relationship of POS and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) with OCB. The results of mediated hierarchal regression analysis support mediating role of personality traits (conscientiousness extraversion and agreeableness) in POS -OCB relationship. With the recent drive of positive psychology, organisational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been the most researched to...
INTRODUCTIONLife of the students is full of stress since they are facing wide varieties of stress... more INTRODUCTIONLife of the students is full of stress since they are facing wide varieties of stressors, from academic activities to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and from selfdoubt to family issues (Roberti, Harrington, & Storch, 2006). A study shows that college students' stresses have increased in severity (Benton, Robertson, Tseng, Newton, & Benton, 2003). Several issues can be a source of stress for college students' e.g. grade anxiety, uncertain future, financial problems, family affairs, dealings with opposite sex, and interpersonal relationships (Chao, 2012; Darling, McWey, Howard & Olmstead, 2007). College students experience stress predominantly in conflict with the roommate, changes in eating and sleeping habits, public speech, and increased workload in courseCorresponding related activities (Darling et al., 2007).Stress in college students is found to be related to many negative (e.g., depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation) as well positive indicators...
Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 2014
Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to un... more Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to understand why potential executives are leaving organizations. Employee turnover is a burning issue in present at workplaces. Several researches have been conducted to identify the cause and consequences of the employee turnover. In this line of research, the present study is an effort to explore the relationship of trait emotional intelligence and personality (Big-Five) with turnover intention (intention to leave). The study was carried out on 100 front level executives of Indian organizations. Three standardized psychometric devices namely TEIQue-SF, Big Five Inventory-10 and Intention to leave were used for data collection. Obtained data was analyzed by using correlation and hierarchal regression analysis. Results of correlational analysis indicate that trait emotional intelligence and conscientiousness was signifi cantly negatively correlated with intention to leave whereas neuroticism...
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received attention in organizational behavior and m... more Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received attention in organizational behavior and management research since its inception. Nearly three decades ago, the term organizational citizenship behavior was identified and defined as a behavior that is discretionary in nature, not directly recognized by the formal reward system, and promotes organizational effectiveness (Organ, 1988, p.4). Podsakoff and MacKenzie (1997) documented that OCB enhances coworker performance, managerial efficiency, and the organizational ability to attract and retain the best personnel in the organization. OCB assists the development and maintenance of the social capital within the organization, which in turn produces higher levels of organizational performance and also contributes to the development of expectation, trust, mutual obligations, and recognition among the employees in the organization (Bolino Turnley, & Bloodgood, 2002). It is obvious from the previous investigations that OCB is playing a...
Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a newly emerging concept in the literature of organ... more Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is a newly emerging concept in the literature of organization behaviour. The study was conducted on 188 front level managers to examine the role of personality in organizational citizenship behaviour. Along with demographical data schedule Indian adaptation of NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale were used for data collection. Obtained data were analysed by using Pearson r and hierarchal regression analyses. The results of coefficient of correlation indicate that Conscientiousness and extraversion dimensions of personality were found to be significantly positively correlated with all the five dimensions of OCB. Agreeableness dimension of personality was significantly positively correlated with all the five dimensions of OCB except civic virtue. Neuroticism dimension of personality was significantly negatively correlated with sportsmanship, courtesy and altruism dimensions of OCB. The results of hierarchal...
A fundamental assumption in the research of job performance has been that work outcomes and measu... more A fundamental assumption in the research of job performance has been that work outcomes and measures are dependent on the role behaviour associated with specific tasks and responsibilities (Scheinder, 1985). However, a work role encompasses a diversity of behaviour that also includes non-task behaviours that are relevant to the work context. These specific tasks and non-task behaviours have been identified by Katz (1964). Katz identified three basic types of non-task behaviour essential for a functioning organisation: • People must be induced to enter and remain within the system. • They must carry out specific role requirements in a dependable fashion. • There must be innovative and spontaneous activity that goes beyond role prescriptions. Concerning this third category, Katz (1964) stated, "An organisation which depends solely upon its blue prints of prescribed Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Conceptual...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) a... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) and family involvement in predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). Three standardized psychometric measures namely the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Family Involvement Scale were used for data collection. The study was conducted on 188 front level male executives of Indian organizations. The study revealed a positive and significant relationship of tangible support and informational support with the five dimensions of OCB; and intrinsic motivation (family involvement) with the five dimensions of OCB. Relationship of emotional support (POS), affective involvement and internalization of family goal (family involvement) with OCB is somewhat limited. This study provides an evidence of the positive relationship of perceived organizational support and family involvement with organizational citizenship behavior. Such ...
With current drive of Positive Psychology, Psychological Well Being (PWB) has been an imperative ... more With current drive of Positive Psychology, Psychological Well Being (PWB) has been an imperative concept for research and practices since last two decades. Several studies have been conducted to explore the antecedents of PWB. Present study is also a line of effort in this direction. The study was conducted to examine the role of traits (hope and Big five) in PWB among students of professional courses. The data was collected by using The Trait Hope Scale, Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) and Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The results show that hope was significantly positively associated with PWB. Neuroticism was significantly negatively associated with PWB whereas agreeableness was significantly positively associated with PWB. Extraversion, Openness and Conscientiousness, have not significant association with PWB. In the topical era there has been an increased interest in the study of Psychological Well Being (PWB). The field of Psychology since its beginning has devoted much mo...
Occupational stress has become a popular concept in organizational behaviour research. A lot of s... more Occupational stress has become a popular concept in organizational behaviour research. A lot of studies have been conducted to identify the causes and sources of occupational stress and its impact on employees' health and attitudes in on the job and off the-job conditions. Present study is also an effort to make a sense and increase the understanding in this regard. Variables which have been choosen in this study are occupational role stress, job satisfaction, work family conflict and work culture. Occupational stress is defined in different manners by different renowned scholars of this field. For our purpose it is useful to view stress as an adaptive response, moderated by individual and organizational differences, that is consequences of any action, situation or event (stressor) that may place special demands on an individual. Thus, stress is dealing with something that places special demands on an individual. The special demands are potential stressors, potential in sense th...
Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to un... more Due to diversity in workplace and complexity in nature of executives, it is very diffi cult to understand why potential executives are leaving organizations. Employee turnover is a burning issue in present at workplaces. Several researches have been conducted to identify the cause and consequences of the employee turnover. In this line of research, the present study is an effort to explore the relationship of trait emotional intelligence and personality (Big-Five) with turnover intention (intention to leave). The study was carried out on 100 front level executives of Indian organizations. Three standardized psychometric devices namely TEIQue-SF, Big Five Inventory-10 and Intention to leave were used for data collection. Obtained data was analyzed by using correlation and hierarchal regression analysis. Results of correlational analysis indicate that trait emotional intelligence and conscientiousness was signifi cantly negatively correlated with intention to leave whereas neuroticism...
Because of diversity in nature of work force, issue of organizational justice is a dominant theme... more Because of diversity in nature of work force, issue of organizational justice is a dominant theme for present day organization. This is a crucial factor for organizational effectiveness and employees' well being. In this study an attempt was made to explore the linkage between organizational justice and psychological well being of executives. For this purpose present study was conducted on 210 managerial personnel of different private sector organizations from India. Organizational justice was measured by using Work Practice Inventory developed by researchers during investigation whereas psychological well -being was measured by Psychological Well Being Scale developed by Ryff (1989). Obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of correlational analysis indicate organizational justice and its various dimensions were significantly positively correlated with psychological well-being and its various dimensions while, regression analysis e...
Mental health has often focused on negative health like depression and anxiety. However in recent... more Mental health has often focused on negative health like depression and anxiety. However in recent past, there is an increasing desire to examine positive as well negative aspects of mental health. Much of this research has drawn from the rich psychological literature on well-being. By using scale of the Hope, the Psychological Well-Being and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) we endeavor to identify role of hope (agency and pathway) in well being (depression and psychological well-being) among students. The study was conducted on 200 students' sample. The result of correlation reveals that pathway dimension of hope significantly and positively correlated with psychological well-being whereas agency dimension was significantly and negatively correlated with depression. Results of regression analysis supported the findings of correlation.
Faced with the challenges of rapidly changing market forces, organizations are looking to human r... more Faced with the challenges of rapidly changing market forces, organizations are looking to human resources as an important source of competitive strength. Indeed.
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Papers by Dr. Akhilendra K . Singh