Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews, 2024
Using two models, the Graphical Sequence Model (GSM) and the Orbital Configuration Model (OCM), t... more Using two models, the Graphical Sequence Model (GSM) and the Orbital Configuration Model (OCM), this study investigates the interaction between a planet and a large comet's fragment chain. The GSM, applied through Python coding, predicts a planet's average number of fragment crossings and the probability of capture. Using OCM we find that upon crossing, a significant fraction of fragments escape, a notable percentage gets captured and forms a near-spherical shell around the planet, and a smaller number impacts the planet. Applying GSM to the fragment chain of a 100-km-diameter comet's fully fragmented chain, the planet crosses an average of about 32 thousand fragments with an average capture probability of 5.33 × 10-2 per crossing per perihelion passage. OCM results indicate that 58.8% of crossed fragments escape, 36.7% are captured in orbit around the planet, and 4.5% impact the planet. The distinctive feature of OCM calculations lies in the nearspherical planetary shell formed by captured fragments. The planetary shell dynamics is analyzed in relation to the planet's Roche limit. The capture simulation with fluid fragments moving at the planet speed demonstrates that 4.2% are fully within, 23.7% are partially within, and 72.1% are outside the Roche limit.
Economics is the systematic study of efficiently allocating limited resources to meet the diverse... more Economics is the systematic study of efficiently allocating limited resources to meet the diverse needs and wants of individuals and societies. Despite its presence in all activities of production and exchange of goods and services, the ethical underpinnings of economics lack clarity. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on ethical dimensions woven into the structural features of economics. This would allow a deeper understanding of ethical considerations that shape economics, thereby enhancing our understanding of ethical implications in societal decision-making regarding resource allocations to serve the needs of all.
Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews, 2024
This study explores the novel concept of a planet intersecting the orbit of a small comet's fragm... more This study explores the novel concept of a planet intersecting the orbit of a small comet's fragment chain. Utilizing a simple multi-generational model of comet fragmentation, it analyzes the planet's interaction with the comet's fragment chain and simulates probability distributions for both chain crossing and fragment capture. This model offers insights complementary to impact theories that seek to explain the Younger Dryas boundary. Moreover, the potential presence of cometary material in Earth's orbit due to crossing a comet's fragment chain could profoundly influence climate patterns, with far-reaching implications for global agriculture and food production.
Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2024
Human cognitive abilities differ at the individual and societal scales. The best evidence comes f... more Human cognitive abilities differ at the individual and societal scales. The best evidence comes from instances where actions considered stupid at an individual level are embraced and perpetuated societally without any recognition of their inherent stupidity. This article explores two prominent examples of such phenomena, shedding light on the complexities of human cognition and societal behavior.
Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2024
The legal proceedings surrounding allegations of election interference against Mr. Trump offer a ... more The legal proceedings surrounding allegations of election interference against Mr. Trump offer a rich case study illustrating the intricate interplay between emotions and rationality in decision-making. This analysis underscores how individuals, particularly those with significant resources like Mr. Trump, navigate complex legal challenges.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2023
A simple, nine-scale model of living systems consisting of five material scales, three knowledge ... more A simple, nine-scale model of living systems consisting of five material scales, three knowledge scales, and one energy scale is introduced. It is shown that a systematic stratification of biological knowledge provides new insights into understanding of the material and energy flow processes. The model allows for an objective mapping of the knowledge-based genetic, epigenetic, and supragenetic spaces of different material scales that can also be approximated as an organizing principle.
This article offers a prescription that could help to prevent the runaway projects that have so o... more This article offers a prescription that could help to prevent the runaway projects that have so often made headlines. This topic is of special importance in Asia, which is currently the world center of nuclear power plant construction, with more than 100 nuclear construction projects either under way or planned. Although we begin with lessons learned from past nuclear power
A new, integrated model of social structure is developed and applied to how force and resources a... more A new, integrated model of social structure is developed and applied to how force and resources are used at the individual, organization and societal levels to achieve various ends. It is shown that this integrated, foundational model improves the understanding of human choices in application of force and management of resources. The model simplifies and streamlines the complexities and deficiencies faced in current theories. The case of the civil war is treated, and the findings are applied to violence reduction, identifying factors that influence individual orientation toward application of force and development of advantageous resource positions.
Finding solutions to societal problems turns most difficult if not impossible when the society lo... more Finding solutions to societal problems turns most difficult if not impossible when the society loses its connection to its foundation. Deficient societal structures often originate in ignored and misunderstood foundations in both the present and the past. Every society, in its transitions, loses the memory of part of its previous knowledge. The loss of historical memory is a serious deficiency that currently permeates every society and prevents a deeper understanding of current behaviors that have their origin in the knowledge of the past. From this perspective, the currently accepted view of the education system lacks a foundational anchor. Lack of awareness of foundational knowledge engenders a malfunctioning education system and a misunderstood psychology of human individual, adversely affecting societal existence. This article focuses on the societal foundation as a composite of knowledge and ignorance, demonstrating its management crucial for societal wellbeing and existence. I...
Knowledge deficiencies and ignorance content relating to critical physical conditions of earth in... more Knowledge deficiencies and ignorance content relating to critical physical conditions of earth in glacial-interglacial cycles are analyzed from the point of view of whether human societies are capable of adapting and dealing with radical climate change in distant future. Amplified Milankovitch theory and canopied earth theory of glacial-interglacial cycles provide conflicting signals, one seeing the current interglacial lengthened by human-induced climate change giving the human societies ample time to prepare for the next glacial and the other seeing the arrival of the next glacial to be independent of human activities and thus posing a supreme risk to unprepared human societies. Foundational analysis indicates little difference between the ancient and modern humans reacting to glacial-interglacial cycles. Both, preoccupied with daily requirements of life fail to prepare to address their knowledge deficiencies of global physical conditions and thus expose individuals and societies ...
The graph for Fig. 4 as given on p. 4532 is incorrect and belongs to a different model-calculatio... more The graph for Fig. 4 as given on p. 4532 is incorrect and belongs to a different model-calculation on graphite. The correct graph is given here as Fig. 4.
Abstract Expressions for the n th-order elastic constants of ionic centrosymmetric solids have be... more Abstract Expressions for the n th-order elastic constants of ionic centrosymmetric solids have been developed using a central crystal-potential expansion. The comparison of the Coulomb contribution to the third-order elastic constants of alkali halides with calculations of Nran'yan and Ghate show disagreements as large as 139%. It is shown that the disagreements may be due to the poor convergence of the Coulomb sums in the previous calculations.
Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews, 2024
Using two models, the Graphical Sequence Model (GSM) and the Orbital Configuration Model (OCM), t... more Using two models, the Graphical Sequence Model (GSM) and the Orbital Configuration Model (OCM), this study investigates the interaction between a planet and a large comet's fragment chain. The GSM, applied through Python coding, predicts a planet's average number of fragment crossings and the probability of capture. Using OCM we find that upon crossing, a significant fraction of fragments escape, a notable percentage gets captured and forms a near-spherical shell around the planet, and a smaller number impacts the planet. Applying GSM to the fragment chain of a 100-km-diameter comet's fully fragmented chain, the planet crosses an average of about 32 thousand fragments with an average capture probability of 5.33 × 10-2 per crossing per perihelion passage. OCM results indicate that 58.8% of crossed fragments escape, 36.7% are captured in orbit around the planet, and 4.5% impact the planet. The distinctive feature of OCM calculations lies in the nearspherical planetary shell formed by captured fragments. The planetary shell dynamics is analyzed in relation to the planet's Roche limit. The capture simulation with fluid fragments moving at the planet speed demonstrates that 4.2% are fully within, 23.7% are partially within, and 72.1% are outside the Roche limit.
Economics is the systematic study of efficiently allocating limited resources to meet the diverse... more Economics is the systematic study of efficiently allocating limited resources to meet the diverse needs and wants of individuals and societies. Despite its presence in all activities of production and exchange of goods and services, the ethical underpinnings of economics lack clarity. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on ethical dimensions woven into the structural features of economics. This would allow a deeper understanding of ethical considerations that shape economics, thereby enhancing our understanding of ethical implications in societal decision-making regarding resource allocations to serve the needs of all.
Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews, 2024
This study explores the novel concept of a planet intersecting the orbit of a small comet's fragm... more This study explores the novel concept of a planet intersecting the orbit of a small comet's fragment chain. Utilizing a simple multi-generational model of comet fragmentation, it analyzes the planet's interaction with the comet's fragment chain and simulates probability distributions for both chain crossing and fragment capture. This model offers insights complementary to impact theories that seek to explain the Younger Dryas boundary. Moreover, the potential presence of cometary material in Earth's orbit due to crossing a comet's fragment chain could profoundly influence climate patterns, with far-reaching implications for global agriculture and food production.
Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2024
Human cognitive abilities differ at the individual and societal scales. The best evidence comes f... more Human cognitive abilities differ at the individual and societal scales. The best evidence comes from instances where actions considered stupid at an individual level are embraced and perpetuated societally without any recognition of their inherent stupidity. This article explores two prominent examples of such phenomena, shedding light on the complexities of human cognition and societal behavior.
Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2024
The legal proceedings surrounding allegations of election interference against Mr. Trump offer a ... more The legal proceedings surrounding allegations of election interference against Mr. Trump offer a rich case study illustrating the intricate interplay between emotions and rationality in decision-making. This analysis underscores how individuals, particularly those with significant resources like Mr. Trump, navigate complex legal challenges.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2023
A simple, nine-scale model of living systems consisting of five material scales, three knowledge ... more A simple, nine-scale model of living systems consisting of five material scales, three knowledge scales, and one energy scale is introduced. It is shown that a systematic stratification of biological knowledge provides new insights into understanding of the material and energy flow processes. The model allows for an objective mapping of the knowledge-based genetic, epigenetic, and supragenetic spaces of different material scales that can also be approximated as an organizing principle.
This article offers a prescription that could help to prevent the runaway projects that have so o... more This article offers a prescription that could help to prevent the runaway projects that have so often made headlines. This topic is of special importance in Asia, which is currently the world center of nuclear power plant construction, with more than 100 nuclear construction projects either under way or planned. Although we begin with lessons learned from past nuclear power
A new, integrated model of social structure is developed and applied to how force and resources a... more A new, integrated model of social structure is developed and applied to how force and resources are used at the individual, organization and societal levels to achieve various ends. It is shown that this integrated, foundational model improves the understanding of human choices in application of force and management of resources. The model simplifies and streamlines the complexities and deficiencies faced in current theories. The case of the civil war is treated, and the findings are applied to violence reduction, identifying factors that influence individual orientation toward application of force and development of advantageous resource positions.
Finding solutions to societal problems turns most difficult if not impossible when the society lo... more Finding solutions to societal problems turns most difficult if not impossible when the society loses its connection to its foundation. Deficient societal structures often originate in ignored and misunderstood foundations in both the present and the past. Every society, in its transitions, loses the memory of part of its previous knowledge. The loss of historical memory is a serious deficiency that currently permeates every society and prevents a deeper understanding of current behaviors that have their origin in the knowledge of the past. From this perspective, the currently accepted view of the education system lacks a foundational anchor. Lack of awareness of foundational knowledge engenders a malfunctioning education system and a misunderstood psychology of human individual, adversely affecting societal existence. This article focuses on the societal foundation as a composite of knowledge and ignorance, demonstrating its management crucial for societal wellbeing and existence. I...
Knowledge deficiencies and ignorance content relating to critical physical conditions of earth in... more Knowledge deficiencies and ignorance content relating to critical physical conditions of earth in glacial-interglacial cycles are analyzed from the point of view of whether human societies are capable of adapting and dealing with radical climate change in distant future. Amplified Milankovitch theory and canopied earth theory of glacial-interglacial cycles provide conflicting signals, one seeing the current interglacial lengthened by human-induced climate change giving the human societies ample time to prepare for the next glacial and the other seeing the arrival of the next glacial to be independent of human activities and thus posing a supreme risk to unprepared human societies. Foundational analysis indicates little difference between the ancient and modern humans reacting to glacial-interglacial cycles. Both, preoccupied with daily requirements of life fail to prepare to address their knowledge deficiencies of global physical conditions and thus expose individuals and societies ...
The graph for Fig. 4 as given on p. 4532 is incorrect and belongs to a different model-calculatio... more The graph for Fig. 4 as given on p. 4532 is incorrect and belongs to a different model-calculation on graphite. The correct graph is given here as Fig. 4.
Abstract Expressions for the n th-order elastic constants of ionic centrosymmetric solids have be... more Abstract Expressions for the n th-order elastic constants of ionic centrosymmetric solids have been developed using a central crystal-potential expansion. The comparison of the Coulomb contribution to the third-order elastic constants of alkali halides with calculations of Nran'yan and Ghate show disagreements as large as 139%. It is shown that the disagreements may be due to the poor convergence of the Coulomb sums in the previous calculations.
Uploads
Papers by Hamid Rafizadeh