The purpose of the present study is to explain the foundations and factors of the realization of ... more The purpose of the present study is to explain the foundations and factors of the realization of social change in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution. The method of this research is qualitative content analysis and in this regard, the necessity and the foundations of the social changes in the statement (including justice and fight against corruption, spirituality and ethics, independence and freedom) and the factors in the statement change (including human resources, science and Research examines the use of natural resources and the economics of resistance). Research findings show that the leader of the revolution believes that the revolution should not be considered passive in all respects and concerned about change; principles such as justice, spirituality and independence can prevent passivity and self-loathing while accepting change. Another point was the fundamental difference between the revolutionary leader's view of the field of change and that of some social thinkers in the field; the genuine principles of justice, spirituality, ethics, and national independence as the basis of the changes in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution, while these have been taken into consideration. Many sociologists in the field of change have little or no support for change. The leader of the revolution has highlighted the role of the youth in the realization of the second step of the revolution.
Evolution and development of human societies has always been of interest to social scientists. Th... more Evolution and development of human societies has always been of interest to social scientists. There are three general theories on the process of societal evolution which include evolutionary, rotational and degenerating. Evolutionary theories have always sought to explain identity, cause, end of social evolutions according to their foundations and assumptions. Using the content analysis method, this paper seeks to study the identity, cause of social evolution based on the evolutionary theory of Allameh Tabataba’i and Martyr Motahhari. Putting the perfectionist innate nature in the center of their attention, they believe that social evolution in relation to innate nature is a constant issue over the time. Innate nature plays two major roles in social evolution, the main cause of the evolution of society as an intrinsic and dynamic factor and evolving society in terms of value and structure.
Undoubtedly, society is the room of human perfection and happiness; but this room has been suffe... more Undoubtedly, society is the room of human perfection and happiness; but this room has been suffering from damages during his life, which has created problems on the path to human happiness, identifying the influential factors in this issue is one of the requirements of the scientific society. Accordingly, using descriptive-analytical method and focusing on historical documents and evidence such as Nahj al-Balagha, the elite's influence on social harm has been discussed in this paper. Given that sedition is one of the most important examples of social damages and in some way the source of many other damages, it is considered as the subject of the study to show, through historical and social evidence, how political and cultural elites can put society and its values at risk and ruin.
The critical school of Frankfurt has mainly dealt with criticizing the new society and its compon... more The critical school of Frankfurt has mainly dealt with criticizing the new society and its components. One can also trace this perspective in the critical response of this school to the impartial view of technology. This school emphasizes the need of any kind of knowledge for criticism and reform, and therefore argues that human-technology confrontation requires a critical insight and accordingly presents a critique of technology. Using an analytical-documentary method, this research studies the critical theory of technology from the point of view of Marcuse, a prominent scholar of this school, and his student, Feenberg. The results of the research suggest that there are commonalities and differences between the views of these two thinkers; both thinkers disapprove of the instrumental approach to technology, i.e. the separation of value from knowledge and technology, and the deterministic approach to technology, i.e., the unciticizability and the impossibility of changing technology, and consider technology as valuable and changeable. But they are different in the strategy toward change, i.e. the extension of art to politics and democratization of technology, the level of change, the creators of change i.e. the deprived and the suppressed classes, or the general public and the amount of hope for change.
Rights of family are perhaps the most important problem that traditionally received due attention... more Rights of family are perhaps the most important problem that traditionally received due attention on behalf of researchers and thinkers. It is evident that study on foundations of the subject concerned can resolve many problems raised on the rights of the married partner. The present article is to identify the foundations of rights of family in the context of two rights of divorce and polygyny in Islamic point of view, shedding light on the question whether or not the sexual justice has role in granting the rights in question to men. Though in some cases sexual influences might seem to be involved, such factors cannot be of crucial role in granting rights to men and women because the origin of defining rights is God’s Will and observance of the real interests of human beings. Meanwhile however, other views are also to be examined and assessed.
Modern and technologic society of today, in spite of all its increasing development, has failed i... more Modern and technologic society of today, in spite of all its increasing development, has failed in providing mental peace needed for its members. Many attempts, therefore, have been made to provide such a peace for the people enjoying material comfort; yet, as seen clearly, the success has been little. The reason why lies in the fact that the missing link of the today society is spirituality. As viewed in the paper, it is possible for revealed religions to give true spirituality, level the path for truth-seekers, support the hope of salvation in the enjoying peoples` heart and be a powerful motive for facing the dangers. Relying on the Islamic essential sources, the author has intended to explain the principles and components of true spirituality; a fact rooted in reality, upgrading human spirit and related somewhat to human deeds.
In the present world, the mass media play an unprecedented and growing role in the social lives o... more In the present world, the mass media play an unprecedented and growing role in the social lives of people. On the other hand, the orientations of these media in various respects in are shaped by the normative systems that rule them. The existing normative theories in the literature of Communication sciences are generally influenced by the liberalist and socialist instructions that contain principles that promise the goal attainment in each of the thought systems, thus not acceptable in the Islamic society. So As a result, the present research uses the method of thematic analysis for investigating the Holy Quran, as the main norm-giving source in the Islamic society, in order to extract the components of its normative theory. The endeavor takes us to 66 fundamental, 13 structured, and four general themes. The main components of the normative theory of the Quran include “originality”, “culturality”, “communitarianism”, and “ethics centrality” and determine the general approaches and standards of the mass media in the Quranic theory as against the dominant normative theories. Obviously, the fundamental and guiding themes, as the more viable ones, provide more precise tasks for the media.
With the advent of Imam Mahdi (AS) some cities and regions are particularly affected by apocalypt... more With the advent of Imam Mahdi (AS) some cities and regions are particularly affected by apocalyptic transformations, in addition to the scientific and cultural developments which generally occur in the global context. In the Shamat (Levant) area, especially the city of Jerusalem, one of the most dramatic events that is predicted to occur in the sudden presence of Imam Mahdi (AS). The battle with Sufyani, the descent of Jesus Christ or Isa Bin Maryam (AS) from the sky, the clashes and battle of the Imam with the Antichrist, and the declaration of a miracle for the Jews by Imam Mahdi, will all happen in this area. In the present study, by searching the narrative texts of the denominations, we will investigate the exact location of the occurrence of these events. Also, the author, based on narratives in sources of denominations, seeks to show the occurrence of apocalyptic changes in the geography of Jerusalem and its surroundings.
Since man is a perfectionist being, he prefers collective life over individual life so that he ca... more Since man is a perfectionist being, he prefers collective life over individual life so that he can reach his desired goal. According to Farabi, social life can bring human perfection, and solitary life - although not impossible - cannot lead man to happiness and desired perfection. Avicenna goes beyond and believes that it is impossible for man to achieve perfection; Society is really a context for providing happiness for mankind. It is obvious that it can lead man to happiness only if it is tranquil and peaceful, has the necessary coherence and solidarity and is not chaotic and disorderly, because otherwise, no one will have the strength to survive. Therefore, knowing the factors and the mechanism of the emergence of social cohesion in societies is one of the main concerns of social thinkers who have put a lot of effort to reach the desired answer. According to the realities of human life, they have listed several factors to create social cohesion. "Religion" has been considered as one of the most important factors in this regard. In this article, after briefly stating the influence of religion and revelatory values in this important subject in human society, the author refers to objective and historical documents and his own experience and shows that the Qom seminary has taken a very effective step in creating social cohesion in Iran’s society through direct factors, such as Shia authority , religious bodies, face-to-face preaching, Hijrat plan, as well as indirect factors, such as ijtihad and inferences of rulings and explanation of revealed values.
Re-examination of the thought of religious scholars regarding the needs of the Islamic society ca... more Re-examination of the thought of religious scholars regarding the needs of the Islamic society can provide ideal models for individuals, social groups, and the authorities of the Islamic system to reach the sublime and virtuous Mahdavi society. Undoubtedly, those waiting for the Mahdavi government are always trying to provide the context for the reappearance of the savior of the world and the realization of all the characteristics of the Mahdavi society. Ayatollah Safi Golpayegani is one of the innovative and intellectual jurists, whose thoughts can help in attaining and knowing the mentioned characteristics, especially at the social level. The current article seeks to examine and explain the social characteristics of the Mahdavi society in his thought through a descriptive-analytical method and using his written works. The results show that in the view of Ayatollah Safi Golpayegani, the Mahdavi society, inspired by the revealed values, has the main characteristics of social justice, social security, and social solidarity. Social justice and other social characteristics are rooted in divine values and taste has nothing to do with it. Divine values do not depend on time and place, and there is no discrimination among people and their examples. Therefore, when these values rule the society, like a bubbling spring of life, it will bring justice, security, and comfort. The goal of the Mahdavi government is to establish divine values and the rule of revealed values, and the result of this goal is social justice and the like.
The present study aims to examine the accelerating factors of the production of theory in governm... more The present study aims to examine the accelerating factors of the production of theory in government Fiqh in the age and time of Islamic Revolution of Iran, via a descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, by classifying the factors "inside the institution of science" including two epistemological and non-epistemological types, and the factors "outside the institution of science" including social, cultural, political, economic, international factors, and communication, we are seeking to achieve the conditions and factors of the evolutionary and growing process of government Fiqh as well as the evolution and development of government Fiqh in the contemporary era. From the point of view of this study, the main point of the government Fiqh in the arena of opinion is the acceptance of Shia political Fiqh and in the arena of practice, the increasing power of jurists in determining the political and social equations of the society. If, on the one hand, the Islamic government accepts the Islamic seminary as the center of Islamic theorizing in its main intellectual mechanism, and on the other hand, the seminary portrays the Islamic system as its child, the result of this two-way interaction will be the production of Fiqh as a prescriptive science for the acts of governance. Examination of the factors that develop government Fiqh in the conditions that arose in the era of the Islamic Revolution is an important issue that will be dealt with in this study.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2023
With the advent of modernity in Iran, the concept of "city" in its contemporary sense was born an... more With the advent of modernity in Iran, the concept of "city" in its contemporary sense was born and has undergone numerous transformations since then. As these transformations have posed challenges in the physical structure of the city in terms of housing, urban facilities, and transportation, this research, adopting a thematic approach, aims to explore these challenges and their resolution by social policymakers, urban planners, and religious scholars. Using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on available data from documentary sources, the study delves into the question of how urban transformations have influenced the emergence of challenges to the religious life of women in Iran. Thus, after examining urban transformations in the Qajar, Pahlavi, and post-revolutionary periods, it elucidates the challenges that have arisen as a result of these transformations and have affected the religious lives of women. The findings reveal that housing transformations have created challenges such as hindering the internalization of the hijab requirement, depriving women of the capacity for religious literacy through domestic gatherings, and more. Transformations in urban facilities have led to challenges such as the demand for women's presence in public spaces as a feminist demand, the reinforcement of consumerism, and so on. Changes in transportation have brought about challenges such as an increase in women's inclination to travel at night in the city.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2016
Nowadays, modern media for example satellite TVs with a global coverage and purposeful planning, ... more Nowadays, modern media for example satellite TVs with a global coverage and purposeful planning, try to replace their audiences' real Identities with western culture and values by penetrating into all aspects of personal and social human life. They do this work with a broad range of formats, gradually and of course without resistance. Commercial Ads are one of these influential media formats that beside the ultimate purpose of altering values, provide by changing attitudes and affecting masses, particularly families, required cultural contexts for the provision of material interests.
On the one hand, goods and services providers' increasing demand to find new markets with the utilization of all media capacities and on the other hand, families and especially couples that are main pillars of families, are always in need of learning, guidance and gaining experience for satisficing their needs. These two sides' needs have brought about attention to and an importance of commercial products' promotion. In the meantime, these ads' false guidance has become very dangerous for couples and caused numerous damages in the realm of family and couples' communication. The present paper tries with an archival method and with an emphasis on content analysis of some commercial ads, study some of these influences and damages.
Some of the most important of these effects include the change in lifestyle, weakening family base, lack of responsibility, the decrease in the emotional relationship, promotion of marital infidelity, causing mental illnesses, spreading immorality and promiscuity and financial losses.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2018
Human beings are capable of meeting their vital needs, choosing to live in a community and contin... more Human beings are capable of meeting their vital needs, choosing to live in a community and continuing to live in a human society with a special style of life; of course, society can consolidate its social fabric when institutionalizes its lifestyle based upon a culture that fits in. Hence, the main concern of the scholars and the governors of societies is to identify the culture and consolidate it in the human community. For this purpose, they have often chosen two forms of socialization and acculturation for the education and institutionalization of their own culture, and because acculturation is more effective in achieving this goal, the governor of the Islamic society considers the factor or factors influencing acculturation more important and places more emphasis on them. This paper shows that with regard to the diminution of the role of the family in the transitional society - which underscores the vital role of the family in relation to social factors affecting socialization - the religious missionary can take an effective step in the acculturation of Muslims using Islamic teachings and explaining and promoting them. In fact, it can strengthen and consolidate the basis for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, not only should not be ignored of traditional preaching, and relied only on modern methods and media, but importance must be attached to this method of preaching, and we should try to strengthen and institutionalize it.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2022
Undoubtedly, social phenomena as the subject of a study, as complex as they are, have several asp... more Undoubtedly, social phenomena as the subject of a study, as complex as they are, have several aspects and sides, the correct analysis of each of which requires its own appropriate method. Therefore, researchers in the field of social studies have tried to develop a special study method in this area to be able to explore phenomena more closely to reduce the possibility of error. Of course, one should not ignore the fact that if all social phenomena are studied from a reductionist point of view through one or more general methods, it is likely that the researcher will deviate from his goal, which is a better and more accurate knowledge of social phenomena. Therefore, as far as possible, a unique method should be used for each social issue and phenomenon. In this study, the author intends to examine the theoretical challenges, which is one of the most frequent phenomena in today's societies, through an appropriate method and then, for its analysis, provides a special methods for university students in the field of social knowledge to gain a more accurate understanding of the challenge before them and finally present the results to the experts in the field of opinion and the rulers in practice. The proposed method is, in fact, a beacon that can be used to study the challenge from multiple aspects and not be only limited to one aspect.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2022
Imam Hossein's Arbaeen Pilgrimage, from the 40th day of martyrdom in the first year after the tra... more Imam Hossein's Arbaeen Pilgrimage, from the 40th day of martyrdom in the first year after the tragic and terrible incident with Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari's pilgrimage, with the support of the speech and behavior of the Infallible Imams, gradually became one of the influential elements in Shia culture, and after nearly fourteen centuries, it has been considered as one of the social norms was raised in Shia and Islamic societies. This pilgrimage has become more popular in the last decade, to the extent that today we see the presence of the followers of Abrahamic religions among the Arbaeen pilgrims. Undoubtedly, the study of this huge social event with multiple approaches can reveal its hidden material and spiritual benefits for human and religious society, especially Shia. In this paper, the author has examined this social truth with a sociological approach, with a documentary method and using evidence and objective data in order to first identify the sociological aspects of this important and lasting pilgrimage and then depict its important social functions so that maybe he can take a small step in making people identify this enlightening truth and of course put his name in the list of Imam Hossein lovers and Arbaeen pilgrims, God willing.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2023
Explanation and clarification are essential requirements in both the field of thought and the fie... more Explanation and clarification are essential requirements in both the field of thought and the field of action, and neglecting them can lead to irreparable consequences. God has established obligations based on this principle and considers its absence as a criterion for removing the pen. Scholars are also committed to spreading awareness. Iran's Islamic Revolution was undoubtedly one of the significant socio-political phenomena that occurred at the end of the 20th century. Its emergence and continuation have overshadowed many national and international transactions and events. The extremist groups have always tried to remove it from the field, and its continuation has angered them. Therefore, the wise leader, as the helmsman of the revolution, emphasized the importance of explaining it and clearly tasked the thinkers and knowledgeable individuals with making the new generation aware of the realities of the revolution and protecting it with their jihad of explanation. Undoubtedly, the Ashura uprising is one of the great human phenomena that would not have been possible without Zainab Kobra. If it were not for her, Karbala would have remained just a place, and those who were thirsty for the truth and knowledge of Hosseini would have been deprived of that bright source of freedom and the path of true service. They would have wandered on an uneven road, captive to happiness. This article aims to reread the sermons of the Lady of Karbala movement in Kufa and Sham using library documents and data and, of course, the content analysis method. It has identified several useful explanatory components, including the inevitability of explanation, analysis of the current situation, warning about the future, litigation and trial of the enemy, and explaining the failure of the enemy. The re-read components of the sermons of the Lady of Karbala can serve as a suitable light for the jihadists of the Explanation Front. They can take effective steps on the path of Explanation Jihad by following this light..
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2024
Contemporary Iran has been changed fundamentally under the influence of encountering modernity, a... more Contemporary Iran has been changed fundamentally under the influence of encountering modernity, and the country's scientific institutions, under the influence of two centuries of translation and development of advanced scientific structures, have faced many challenges. Sciences classification is one of the most basic and key challenges of the Iranian scientific system, which, despite its importance, has been remarkably neglected. Paying attention to the nature, reasons, contexts and background of solutions to face it, in this research, lays the foundations for adopting a strategic approach based on the potential of Islamic wisdom. Studying the history of Islamic civilization shows that the Islamic world (and Iran) has faced such a challenge in two periods. First, in the third and fourth centuries of Hijri (AH), when the Islamic world faced the translation movement of Greek and Indian sciences. Secondly, during the Safavid era, when the Shia government of Iran faced instability in science, as a result of years of domination by Ash'ari thought. In both periods, Muslim scholars and thinkers, especially Shia, played a key role in reforming and organizing sciences, managing the flow of knowledge and guiding changes in science. For this purpose, as strategists of Islamic civilization, they re-planned the classification of sciences and presented an internal model of it - An action that is called "teaching" and its key people are teachers. The characteristics of the Islamic revolution of Iran in the current era are more similar to the era of Farabi, the "second teacher", in the era of the translation movement and the era of Mir Damad, the "third teacher", in the era of the formation of the Shiite government and the beginning of the Shiite Islamic civilization. In this study, through historical, philosophical and social analysis method, the challenge of classification of sciences was examined and a strategic solution to face it, i.e. "re-education" has been introduced.
Journal of social Cultural Studies of Hawzab, 2021
The Almighty Creator has created the institution and the secret of mankind in search of perfectio... more The Almighty Creator has created the institution and the secret of mankind in search of perfection. However, this God-given power, in order to become actual, needs a suitable container that anthropological thinkers have considered society as that container. They believe that human beings can experience their true perfection in the light of collective life and life in society. They also emphasize that not every community is able to lay a suitable table in front of him in order to achieve human perfection because the only kind of societies which can pave the way to perfection are the ones which enjoy perfection themselves since an object that lacks a feature, cannot give that feature to another object. Social cohesion and solidarity is undoubtedly the first condition for the perfection of any community and for this reason, it has become one of the main concerns of human societies, especially the industrial and technological societies of the present age. The rulers and officials of human societies, according to their epistemological and anthropological foundations, have taken various mechanisms to achieve this significant item. Relying on it, they try to unite the society and the people active in it in order to provide a suitable platform for reaching perfection in the light of it. In this research, the author, using religious teachings and objective facts, from a sociological perspective, believes that martyrdom is one of the most effective and important factors in creating social cohesion and solidarity. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to explain the social function, especially the coherence of martyrdom in society. For this purpose, in the first step, we will have an overview of the meaning and concept of martyrdom in religion (especially Islam and Christianity) and then, by emphasizing the martyrdom of the Seyedolshohada in the Karbala incident, we show the role of martyrdom in creating and deepening social solidarity.
Journal of social Cultural Studies of Hawzab, 2020
»نهاد اجتماعی« اصطلاحی مدرن است که نخستین بار جامعه شناسان غربی مطرح کردند، اما این
مقوله اجتماعی... more »نهاد اجتماعی« اصطلاحی مدرن است که نخستین بار جامعه شناسان غربی مطرح کردند، اما این مقوله اجتماعی عمری به درازای تاریخ زندگی اجتماعی بشر داشته و به همین دلیل همواره در طول تاریخ مورد توجه و تأمل اندیشمندان اجتماعی، ازجمله متفکران مسلمان قرار گرفته است. در این ّ پژوهش بر آنیم که با تعمق در سفرنامه التحفه ار النظ فی غرائب األمصار وعجائب األسفار از ابوعبدالله محمد، مشهور به ابن بطوطه )قرن هشتم قمری(، نحوه نگاه او به ابعاد و و یژگیهای نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی را استخراج و ارائه کنیم. در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، سفرنامه ابنبطوطه با روش توصیفی و با تأ کید بر عناصر پراهمیت و عبرت آموز، به نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی پرداخته است. همچنین وی هرکدام از نهادهای اجتماعی را در یک تعامل دوسو یه میان »جزء و کل« نگریسته، و سپس همان را در کلیتی وسیعتر، یعنی دین و شریعت، ارزیابی کرده است. این ارزیابی، تدریجی و چندمرحلهای است؛ به عبارت دیگر، وی همه تحلیل خود از یک نهاد اجتماعی را در یک مبحث مجزا و مشخص ارائه نکرده است، بلکه به فراخور خاطرات و در البهالی بحث، نکتهای درباب یکی از نهادهای اجتماعی بیان میکند و سپس در جای .دیگری از سفرنامه به مناسبت، تکمله ای درباب همان نهاد بر تحلیل قبلی می افزاید
The purpose of the present study is to explain the foundations and factors of the realization of ... more The purpose of the present study is to explain the foundations and factors of the realization of social change in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution. The method of this research is qualitative content analysis and in this regard, the necessity and the foundations of the social changes in the statement (including justice and fight against corruption, spirituality and ethics, independence and freedom) and the factors in the statement change (including human resources, science and Research examines the use of natural resources and the economics of resistance). Research findings show that the leader of the revolution believes that the revolution should not be considered passive in all respects and concerned about change; principles such as justice, spirituality and independence can prevent passivity and self-loathing while accepting change. Another point was the fundamental difference between the revolutionary leader's view of the field of change and that of some social thinkers in the field; the genuine principles of justice, spirituality, ethics, and national independence as the basis of the changes in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution, while these have been taken into consideration. Many sociologists in the field of change have little or no support for change. The leader of the revolution has highlighted the role of the youth in the realization of the second step of the revolution.
Evolution and development of human societies has always been of interest to social scientists. Th... more Evolution and development of human societies has always been of interest to social scientists. There are three general theories on the process of societal evolution which include evolutionary, rotational and degenerating. Evolutionary theories have always sought to explain identity, cause, end of social evolutions according to their foundations and assumptions. Using the content analysis method, this paper seeks to study the identity, cause of social evolution based on the evolutionary theory of Allameh Tabataba’i and Martyr Motahhari. Putting the perfectionist innate nature in the center of their attention, they believe that social evolution in relation to innate nature is a constant issue over the time. Innate nature plays two major roles in social evolution, the main cause of the evolution of society as an intrinsic and dynamic factor and evolving society in terms of value and structure.
Undoubtedly, society is the room of human perfection and happiness; but this room has been suffe... more Undoubtedly, society is the room of human perfection and happiness; but this room has been suffering from damages during his life, which has created problems on the path to human happiness, identifying the influential factors in this issue is one of the requirements of the scientific society. Accordingly, using descriptive-analytical method and focusing on historical documents and evidence such as Nahj al-Balagha, the elite's influence on social harm has been discussed in this paper. Given that sedition is one of the most important examples of social damages and in some way the source of many other damages, it is considered as the subject of the study to show, through historical and social evidence, how political and cultural elites can put society and its values at risk and ruin.
The critical school of Frankfurt has mainly dealt with criticizing the new society and its compon... more The critical school of Frankfurt has mainly dealt with criticizing the new society and its components. One can also trace this perspective in the critical response of this school to the impartial view of technology. This school emphasizes the need of any kind of knowledge for criticism and reform, and therefore argues that human-technology confrontation requires a critical insight and accordingly presents a critique of technology. Using an analytical-documentary method, this research studies the critical theory of technology from the point of view of Marcuse, a prominent scholar of this school, and his student, Feenberg. The results of the research suggest that there are commonalities and differences between the views of these two thinkers; both thinkers disapprove of the instrumental approach to technology, i.e. the separation of value from knowledge and technology, and the deterministic approach to technology, i.e., the unciticizability and the impossibility of changing technology, and consider technology as valuable and changeable. But they are different in the strategy toward change, i.e. the extension of art to politics and democratization of technology, the level of change, the creators of change i.e. the deprived and the suppressed classes, or the general public and the amount of hope for change.
Rights of family are perhaps the most important problem that traditionally received due attention... more Rights of family are perhaps the most important problem that traditionally received due attention on behalf of researchers and thinkers. It is evident that study on foundations of the subject concerned can resolve many problems raised on the rights of the married partner. The present article is to identify the foundations of rights of family in the context of two rights of divorce and polygyny in Islamic point of view, shedding light on the question whether or not the sexual justice has role in granting the rights in question to men. Though in some cases sexual influences might seem to be involved, such factors cannot be of crucial role in granting rights to men and women because the origin of defining rights is God’s Will and observance of the real interests of human beings. Meanwhile however, other views are also to be examined and assessed.
Modern and technologic society of today, in spite of all its increasing development, has failed i... more Modern and technologic society of today, in spite of all its increasing development, has failed in providing mental peace needed for its members. Many attempts, therefore, have been made to provide such a peace for the people enjoying material comfort; yet, as seen clearly, the success has been little. The reason why lies in the fact that the missing link of the today society is spirituality. As viewed in the paper, it is possible for revealed religions to give true spirituality, level the path for truth-seekers, support the hope of salvation in the enjoying peoples` heart and be a powerful motive for facing the dangers. Relying on the Islamic essential sources, the author has intended to explain the principles and components of true spirituality; a fact rooted in reality, upgrading human spirit and related somewhat to human deeds.
In the present world, the mass media play an unprecedented and growing role in the social lives o... more In the present world, the mass media play an unprecedented and growing role in the social lives of people. On the other hand, the orientations of these media in various respects in are shaped by the normative systems that rule them. The existing normative theories in the literature of Communication sciences are generally influenced by the liberalist and socialist instructions that contain principles that promise the goal attainment in each of the thought systems, thus not acceptable in the Islamic society. So As a result, the present research uses the method of thematic analysis for investigating the Holy Quran, as the main norm-giving source in the Islamic society, in order to extract the components of its normative theory. The endeavor takes us to 66 fundamental, 13 structured, and four general themes. The main components of the normative theory of the Quran include “originality”, “culturality”, “communitarianism”, and “ethics centrality” and determine the general approaches and standards of the mass media in the Quranic theory as against the dominant normative theories. Obviously, the fundamental and guiding themes, as the more viable ones, provide more precise tasks for the media.
With the advent of Imam Mahdi (AS) some cities and regions are particularly affected by apocalypt... more With the advent of Imam Mahdi (AS) some cities and regions are particularly affected by apocalyptic transformations, in addition to the scientific and cultural developments which generally occur in the global context. In the Shamat (Levant) area, especially the city of Jerusalem, one of the most dramatic events that is predicted to occur in the sudden presence of Imam Mahdi (AS). The battle with Sufyani, the descent of Jesus Christ or Isa Bin Maryam (AS) from the sky, the clashes and battle of the Imam with the Antichrist, and the declaration of a miracle for the Jews by Imam Mahdi, will all happen in this area. In the present study, by searching the narrative texts of the denominations, we will investigate the exact location of the occurrence of these events. Also, the author, based on narratives in sources of denominations, seeks to show the occurrence of apocalyptic changes in the geography of Jerusalem and its surroundings.
Since man is a perfectionist being, he prefers collective life over individual life so that he ca... more Since man is a perfectionist being, he prefers collective life over individual life so that he can reach his desired goal. According to Farabi, social life can bring human perfection, and solitary life - although not impossible - cannot lead man to happiness and desired perfection. Avicenna goes beyond and believes that it is impossible for man to achieve perfection; Society is really a context for providing happiness for mankind. It is obvious that it can lead man to happiness only if it is tranquil and peaceful, has the necessary coherence and solidarity and is not chaotic and disorderly, because otherwise, no one will have the strength to survive. Therefore, knowing the factors and the mechanism of the emergence of social cohesion in societies is one of the main concerns of social thinkers who have put a lot of effort to reach the desired answer. According to the realities of human life, they have listed several factors to create social cohesion. "Religion" has been considered as one of the most important factors in this regard. In this article, after briefly stating the influence of religion and revelatory values in this important subject in human society, the author refers to objective and historical documents and his own experience and shows that the Qom seminary has taken a very effective step in creating social cohesion in Iran’s society through direct factors, such as Shia authority , religious bodies, face-to-face preaching, Hijrat plan, as well as indirect factors, such as ijtihad and inferences of rulings and explanation of revealed values.
Re-examination of the thought of religious scholars regarding the needs of the Islamic society ca... more Re-examination of the thought of religious scholars regarding the needs of the Islamic society can provide ideal models for individuals, social groups, and the authorities of the Islamic system to reach the sublime and virtuous Mahdavi society. Undoubtedly, those waiting for the Mahdavi government are always trying to provide the context for the reappearance of the savior of the world and the realization of all the characteristics of the Mahdavi society. Ayatollah Safi Golpayegani is one of the innovative and intellectual jurists, whose thoughts can help in attaining and knowing the mentioned characteristics, especially at the social level. The current article seeks to examine and explain the social characteristics of the Mahdavi society in his thought through a descriptive-analytical method and using his written works. The results show that in the view of Ayatollah Safi Golpayegani, the Mahdavi society, inspired by the revealed values, has the main characteristics of social justice, social security, and social solidarity. Social justice and other social characteristics are rooted in divine values and taste has nothing to do with it. Divine values do not depend on time and place, and there is no discrimination among people and their examples. Therefore, when these values rule the society, like a bubbling spring of life, it will bring justice, security, and comfort. The goal of the Mahdavi government is to establish divine values and the rule of revealed values, and the result of this goal is social justice and the like.
The present study aims to examine the accelerating factors of the production of theory in governm... more The present study aims to examine the accelerating factors of the production of theory in government Fiqh in the age and time of Islamic Revolution of Iran, via a descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, by classifying the factors "inside the institution of science" including two epistemological and non-epistemological types, and the factors "outside the institution of science" including social, cultural, political, economic, international factors, and communication, we are seeking to achieve the conditions and factors of the evolutionary and growing process of government Fiqh as well as the evolution and development of government Fiqh in the contemporary era. From the point of view of this study, the main point of the government Fiqh in the arena of opinion is the acceptance of Shia political Fiqh and in the arena of practice, the increasing power of jurists in determining the political and social equations of the society. If, on the one hand, the Islamic government accepts the Islamic seminary as the center of Islamic theorizing in its main intellectual mechanism, and on the other hand, the seminary portrays the Islamic system as its child, the result of this two-way interaction will be the production of Fiqh as a prescriptive science for the acts of governance. Examination of the factors that develop government Fiqh in the conditions that arose in the era of the Islamic Revolution is an important issue that will be dealt with in this study.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2023
With the advent of modernity in Iran, the concept of "city" in its contemporary sense was born an... more With the advent of modernity in Iran, the concept of "city" in its contemporary sense was born and has undergone numerous transformations since then. As these transformations have posed challenges in the physical structure of the city in terms of housing, urban facilities, and transportation, this research, adopting a thematic approach, aims to explore these challenges and their resolution by social policymakers, urban planners, and religious scholars. Using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on available data from documentary sources, the study delves into the question of how urban transformations have influenced the emergence of challenges to the religious life of women in Iran. Thus, after examining urban transformations in the Qajar, Pahlavi, and post-revolutionary periods, it elucidates the challenges that have arisen as a result of these transformations and have affected the religious lives of women. The findings reveal that housing transformations have created challenges such as hindering the internalization of the hijab requirement, depriving women of the capacity for religious literacy through domestic gatherings, and more. Transformations in urban facilities have led to challenges such as the demand for women's presence in public spaces as a feminist demand, the reinforcement of consumerism, and so on. Changes in transportation have brought about challenges such as an increase in women's inclination to travel at night in the city.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2016
Nowadays, modern media for example satellite TVs with a global coverage and purposeful planning, ... more Nowadays, modern media for example satellite TVs with a global coverage and purposeful planning, try to replace their audiences' real Identities with western culture and values by penetrating into all aspects of personal and social human life. They do this work with a broad range of formats, gradually and of course without resistance. Commercial Ads are one of these influential media formats that beside the ultimate purpose of altering values, provide by changing attitudes and affecting masses, particularly families, required cultural contexts for the provision of material interests.
On the one hand, goods and services providers' increasing demand to find new markets with the utilization of all media capacities and on the other hand, families and especially couples that are main pillars of families, are always in need of learning, guidance and gaining experience for satisficing their needs. These two sides' needs have brought about attention to and an importance of commercial products' promotion. In the meantime, these ads' false guidance has become very dangerous for couples and caused numerous damages in the realm of family and couples' communication. The present paper tries with an archival method and with an emphasis on content analysis of some commercial ads, study some of these influences and damages.
Some of the most important of these effects include the change in lifestyle, weakening family base, lack of responsibility, the decrease in the emotional relationship, promotion of marital infidelity, causing mental illnesses, spreading immorality and promiscuity and financial losses.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2018
Human beings are capable of meeting their vital needs, choosing to live in a community and contin... more Human beings are capable of meeting their vital needs, choosing to live in a community and continuing to live in a human society with a special style of life; of course, society can consolidate its social fabric when institutionalizes its lifestyle based upon a culture that fits in. Hence, the main concern of the scholars and the governors of societies is to identify the culture and consolidate it in the human community. For this purpose, they have often chosen two forms of socialization and acculturation for the education and institutionalization of their own culture, and because acculturation is more effective in achieving this goal, the governor of the Islamic society considers the factor or factors influencing acculturation more important and places more emphasis on them. This paper shows that with regard to the diminution of the role of the family in the transitional society - which underscores the vital role of the family in relation to social factors affecting socialization - the religious missionary can take an effective step in the acculturation of Muslims using Islamic teachings and explaining and promoting them. In fact, it can strengthen and consolidate the basis for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, not only should not be ignored of traditional preaching, and relied only on modern methods and media, but importance must be attached to this method of preaching, and we should try to strengthen and institutionalize it.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2022
Undoubtedly, social phenomena as the subject of a study, as complex as they are, have several asp... more Undoubtedly, social phenomena as the subject of a study, as complex as they are, have several aspects and sides, the correct analysis of each of which requires its own appropriate method. Therefore, researchers in the field of social studies have tried to develop a special study method in this area to be able to explore phenomena more closely to reduce the possibility of error. Of course, one should not ignore the fact that if all social phenomena are studied from a reductionist point of view through one or more general methods, it is likely that the researcher will deviate from his goal, which is a better and more accurate knowledge of social phenomena. Therefore, as far as possible, a unique method should be used for each social issue and phenomenon. In this study, the author intends to examine the theoretical challenges, which is one of the most frequent phenomena in today's societies, through an appropriate method and then, for its analysis, provides a special methods for university students in the field of social knowledge to gain a more accurate understanding of the challenge before them and finally present the results to the experts in the field of opinion and the rulers in practice. The proposed method is, in fact, a beacon that can be used to study the challenge from multiple aspects and not be only limited to one aspect.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2022
Imam Hossein's Arbaeen Pilgrimage, from the 40th day of martyrdom in the first year after the tra... more Imam Hossein's Arbaeen Pilgrimage, from the 40th day of martyrdom in the first year after the tragic and terrible incident with Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari's pilgrimage, with the support of the speech and behavior of the Infallible Imams, gradually became one of the influential elements in Shia culture, and after nearly fourteen centuries, it has been considered as one of the social norms was raised in Shia and Islamic societies. This pilgrimage has become more popular in the last decade, to the extent that today we see the presence of the followers of Abrahamic religions among the Arbaeen pilgrims. Undoubtedly, the study of this huge social event with multiple approaches can reveal its hidden material and spiritual benefits for human and religious society, especially Shia. In this paper, the author has examined this social truth with a sociological approach, with a documentary method and using evidence and objective data in order to first identify the sociological aspects of this important and lasting pilgrimage and then depict its important social functions so that maybe he can take a small step in making people identify this enlightening truth and of course put his name in the list of Imam Hossein lovers and Arbaeen pilgrims, God willing.
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2023
Explanation and clarification are essential requirements in both the field of thought and the fie... more Explanation and clarification are essential requirements in both the field of thought and the field of action, and neglecting them can lead to irreparable consequences. God has established obligations based on this principle and considers its absence as a criterion for removing the pen. Scholars are also committed to spreading awareness. Iran's Islamic Revolution was undoubtedly one of the significant socio-political phenomena that occurred at the end of the 20th century. Its emergence and continuation have overshadowed many national and international transactions and events. The extremist groups have always tried to remove it from the field, and its continuation has angered them. Therefore, the wise leader, as the helmsman of the revolution, emphasized the importance of explaining it and clearly tasked the thinkers and knowledgeable individuals with making the new generation aware of the realities of the revolution and protecting it with their jihad of explanation. Undoubtedly, the Ashura uprising is one of the great human phenomena that would not have been possible without Zainab Kobra. If it were not for her, Karbala would have remained just a place, and those who were thirsty for the truth and knowledge of Hosseini would have been deprived of that bright source of freedom and the path of true service. They would have wandered on an uneven road, captive to happiness. This article aims to reread the sermons of the Lady of Karbala movement in Kufa and Sham using library documents and data and, of course, the content analysis method. It has identified several useful explanatory components, including the inevitability of explanation, analysis of the current situation, warning about the future, litigation and trial of the enemy, and explaining the failure of the enemy. The re-read components of the sermons of the Lady of Karbala can serve as a suitable light for the jihadists of the Explanation Front. They can take effective steps on the path of Explanation Jihad by following this light..
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2024
Contemporary Iran has been changed fundamentally under the influence of encountering modernity, a... more Contemporary Iran has been changed fundamentally under the influence of encountering modernity, and the country's scientific institutions, under the influence of two centuries of translation and development of advanced scientific structures, have faced many challenges. Sciences classification is one of the most basic and key challenges of the Iranian scientific system, which, despite its importance, has been remarkably neglected. Paying attention to the nature, reasons, contexts and background of solutions to face it, in this research, lays the foundations for adopting a strategic approach based on the potential of Islamic wisdom. Studying the history of Islamic civilization shows that the Islamic world (and Iran) has faced such a challenge in two periods. First, in the third and fourth centuries of Hijri (AH), when the Islamic world faced the translation movement of Greek and Indian sciences. Secondly, during the Safavid era, when the Shia government of Iran faced instability in science, as a result of years of domination by Ash'ari thought. In both periods, Muslim scholars and thinkers, especially Shia, played a key role in reforming and organizing sciences, managing the flow of knowledge and guiding changes in science. For this purpose, as strategists of Islamic civilization, they re-planned the classification of sciences and presented an internal model of it - An action that is called "teaching" and its key people are teachers. The characteristics of the Islamic revolution of Iran in the current era are more similar to the era of Farabi, the "second teacher", in the era of the translation movement and the era of Mir Damad, the "third teacher", in the era of the formation of the Shiite government and the beginning of the Shiite Islamic civilization. In this study, through historical, philosophical and social analysis method, the challenge of classification of sciences was examined and a strategic solution to face it, i.e. "re-education" has been introduced.
Journal of social Cultural Studies of Hawzab, 2021
The Almighty Creator has created the institution and the secret of mankind in search of perfectio... more The Almighty Creator has created the institution and the secret of mankind in search of perfection. However, this God-given power, in order to become actual, needs a suitable container that anthropological thinkers have considered society as that container. They believe that human beings can experience their true perfection in the light of collective life and life in society. They also emphasize that not every community is able to lay a suitable table in front of him in order to achieve human perfection because the only kind of societies which can pave the way to perfection are the ones which enjoy perfection themselves since an object that lacks a feature, cannot give that feature to another object. Social cohesion and solidarity is undoubtedly the first condition for the perfection of any community and for this reason, it has become one of the main concerns of human societies, especially the industrial and technological societies of the present age. The rulers and officials of human societies, according to their epistemological and anthropological foundations, have taken various mechanisms to achieve this significant item. Relying on it, they try to unite the society and the people active in it in order to provide a suitable platform for reaching perfection in the light of it. In this research, the author, using religious teachings and objective facts, from a sociological perspective, believes that martyrdom is one of the most effective and important factors in creating social cohesion and solidarity. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to explain the social function, especially the coherence of martyrdom in society. For this purpose, in the first step, we will have an overview of the meaning and concept of martyrdom in religion (especially Islam and Christianity) and then, by emphasizing the martyrdom of the Seyedolshohada in the Karbala incident, we show the role of martyrdom in creating and deepening social solidarity.
Journal of social Cultural Studies of Hawzab, 2020
»نهاد اجتماعی« اصطلاحی مدرن است که نخستین بار جامعه شناسان غربی مطرح کردند، اما این
مقوله اجتماعی... more »نهاد اجتماعی« اصطلاحی مدرن است که نخستین بار جامعه شناسان غربی مطرح کردند، اما این مقوله اجتماعی عمری به درازای تاریخ زندگی اجتماعی بشر داشته و به همین دلیل همواره در طول تاریخ مورد توجه و تأمل اندیشمندان اجتماعی، ازجمله متفکران مسلمان قرار گرفته است. در این ّ پژوهش بر آنیم که با تعمق در سفرنامه التحفه ار النظ فی غرائب األمصار وعجائب األسفار از ابوعبدالله محمد، مشهور به ابن بطوطه )قرن هشتم قمری(، نحوه نگاه او به ابعاد و و یژگیهای نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی را استخراج و ارائه کنیم. در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، سفرنامه ابنبطوطه با روش توصیفی و با تأ کید بر عناصر پراهمیت و عبرت آموز، به نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی پرداخته است. همچنین وی هرکدام از نهادهای اجتماعی را در یک تعامل دوسو یه میان »جزء و کل« نگریسته، و سپس همان را در کلیتی وسیعتر، یعنی دین و شریعت، ارزیابی کرده است. این ارزیابی، تدریجی و چندمرحلهای است؛ به عبارت دیگر، وی همه تحلیل خود از یک نهاد اجتماعی را در یک مبحث مجزا و مشخص ارائه نکرده است، بلکه به فراخور خاطرات و در البهالی بحث، نکتهای درباب یکی از نهادهای اجتماعی بیان میکند و سپس در جای .دیگری از سفرنامه به مناسبت، تکمله ای درباب همان نهاد بر تحلیل قبلی می افزاید
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Papers by Shamsollah mariji
On the one hand, goods and services providers' increasing demand to find new markets with the utilization of all media capacities and on the other hand, families and especially couples that are main pillars of families, are always in need of learning, guidance and gaining experience for satisficing their needs. These two sides' needs have brought about attention to and an importance of commercial products' promotion. In the meantime, these ads' false guidance has become very dangerous for couples and caused numerous damages in the realm of family and couples' communication. The present paper tries with an archival method and with an emphasis on content analysis of some commercial ads, study some of these influences and damages.
Some of the most important of these effects include the change in lifestyle, weakening family base, lack of responsibility, the decrease in the emotional relationship, promotion of marital infidelity, causing mental illnesses, spreading immorality and promiscuity and financial losses.
This paper shows that with regard to the diminution of the role of the family in the transitional society - which underscores the vital role of the family in relation to social factors affecting socialization - the religious missionary can take an effective step in the acculturation of Muslims using Islamic teachings and explaining and promoting them. In fact, it can strengthen and consolidate the basis for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, not only should not be ignored of traditional preaching, and relied only on modern methods and media, but importance must be attached to this method of preaching, and we should try to strengthen and institutionalize it.
Social cohesion and solidarity is undoubtedly the first condition for the perfection of any community and for this reason, it has become one of the main concerns of human societies, especially the industrial and technological societies of the present age. The rulers and officials of human societies, according to their epistemological and anthropological foundations, have taken various mechanisms to achieve this significant item. Relying on it, they try to unite the society and the people active in it in order to provide a suitable platform for reaching perfection in the light of it.
In this research, the author, using religious teachings and objective facts, from a sociological perspective, believes that martyrdom is one of the most effective and important factors in creating social cohesion and solidarity. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to explain the social function, especially the coherence of martyrdom in society. For this purpose, in the first step, we will have an overview of the meaning and concept of martyrdom in religion (especially Islam and Christianity) and then, by emphasizing the martyrdom of the Seyedolshohada in the Karbala incident, we show the role of martyrdom in creating and deepening social solidarity.
مقوله اجتماعی عمری به درازای تاریخ زندگی اجتماعی بشر داشته و به همین دلیل همواره در طول
تاریخ مورد توجه و تأمل اندیشمندان اجتماعی، ازجمله متفکران مسلمان قرار گرفته است. در این
ّ پژوهش بر آنیم که با تعمق در سفرنامه التحفه ار
النظ فی غرائب األمصار وعجائب األسفار از ابوعبدالله
محمد، مشهور به ابن بطوطه )قرن هشتم قمری(، نحوه نگاه او به ابعاد و و یژگیهای نهادهای مختلف
اجتماعی را استخراج و ارائه کنیم. در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شده است.
بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، سفرنامه ابنبطوطه با روش توصیفی و با تأ کید بر عناصر پراهمیت و
عبرت آموز، به نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی پرداخته است. همچنین وی هرکدام از نهادهای اجتماعی را
در یک تعامل دوسو یه میان »جزء و کل« نگریسته، و سپس همان را در کلیتی وسیعتر، یعنی دین و
شریعت، ارزیابی کرده است. این ارزیابی، تدریجی و چندمرحلهای است؛ به عبارت دیگر، وی همه
تحلیل خود از یک نهاد اجتماعی را در یک مبحث مجزا و مشخص ارائه نکرده است، بلکه به فراخور
خاطرات و در البهالی بحث، نکتهای درباب یکی از نهادهای اجتماعی بیان میکند و سپس در جای
.دیگری از سفرنامه به مناسبت، تکمله ای درباب همان نهاد بر تحلیل قبلی می افزاید
On the one hand, goods and services providers' increasing demand to find new markets with the utilization of all media capacities and on the other hand, families and especially couples that are main pillars of families, are always in need of learning, guidance and gaining experience for satisficing their needs. These two sides' needs have brought about attention to and an importance of commercial products' promotion. In the meantime, these ads' false guidance has become very dangerous for couples and caused numerous damages in the realm of family and couples' communication. The present paper tries with an archival method and with an emphasis on content analysis of some commercial ads, study some of these influences and damages.
Some of the most important of these effects include the change in lifestyle, weakening family base, lack of responsibility, the decrease in the emotional relationship, promotion of marital infidelity, causing mental illnesses, spreading immorality and promiscuity and financial losses.
This paper shows that with regard to the diminution of the role of the family in the transitional society - which underscores the vital role of the family in relation to social factors affecting socialization - the religious missionary can take an effective step in the acculturation of Muslims using Islamic teachings and explaining and promoting them. In fact, it can strengthen and consolidate the basis for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, not only should not be ignored of traditional preaching, and relied only on modern methods and media, but importance must be attached to this method of preaching, and we should try to strengthen and institutionalize it.
Social cohesion and solidarity is undoubtedly the first condition for the perfection of any community and for this reason, it has become one of the main concerns of human societies, especially the industrial and technological societies of the present age. The rulers and officials of human societies, according to their epistemological and anthropological foundations, have taken various mechanisms to achieve this significant item. Relying on it, they try to unite the society and the people active in it in order to provide a suitable platform for reaching perfection in the light of it.
In this research, the author, using religious teachings and objective facts, from a sociological perspective, believes that martyrdom is one of the most effective and important factors in creating social cohesion and solidarity. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to explain the social function, especially the coherence of martyrdom in society. For this purpose, in the first step, we will have an overview of the meaning and concept of martyrdom in religion (especially Islam and Christianity) and then, by emphasizing the martyrdom of the Seyedolshohada in the Karbala incident, we show the role of martyrdom in creating and deepening social solidarity.
مقوله اجتماعی عمری به درازای تاریخ زندگی اجتماعی بشر داشته و به همین دلیل همواره در طول
تاریخ مورد توجه و تأمل اندیشمندان اجتماعی، ازجمله متفکران مسلمان قرار گرفته است. در این
ّ پژوهش بر آنیم که با تعمق در سفرنامه التحفه ار
النظ فی غرائب األمصار وعجائب األسفار از ابوعبدالله
محمد، مشهور به ابن بطوطه )قرن هشتم قمری(، نحوه نگاه او به ابعاد و و یژگیهای نهادهای مختلف
اجتماعی را استخراج و ارائه کنیم. در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شده است.
بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، سفرنامه ابنبطوطه با روش توصیفی و با تأ کید بر عناصر پراهمیت و
عبرت آموز، به نهادهای مختلف اجتماعی پرداخته است. همچنین وی هرکدام از نهادهای اجتماعی را
در یک تعامل دوسو یه میان »جزء و کل« نگریسته، و سپس همان را در کلیتی وسیعتر، یعنی دین و
شریعت، ارزیابی کرده است. این ارزیابی، تدریجی و چندمرحلهای است؛ به عبارت دیگر، وی همه
تحلیل خود از یک نهاد اجتماعی را در یک مبحث مجزا و مشخص ارائه نکرده است، بلکه به فراخور
خاطرات و در البهالی بحث، نکتهای درباب یکی از نهادهای اجتماعی بیان میکند و سپس در جای
.دیگری از سفرنامه به مناسبت، تکمله ای درباب همان نهاد بر تحلیل قبلی می افزاید