Recently there has been an exponential rise in the
use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in vari... more Recently there has been an exponential rise in the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications. While WSNs have been primarily used as independent networks, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating them with other existing networks. One such network is the satellite network which provides a reliable communication backbone to remote areas that lack appropriate terrestrial infrastructure. However, due to the integration of the two networks with different transmission and operational characteristics interoperability and security become major concerns. This paper presents an ns-2 based simulation framework of a WSN-satellite integrated network that is used to evaluate the effects of data aggregation and security mechanisms on overall network performance. The average end-to-end packet delay, overall energy consumption and aggregation efficiency are considered for this analysis. This paper also looks into the effects of implementing hop-by-hop security and end-to-end security and justifies the need for end-to-end security in the WSN-satellite integrated networks.
The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the
use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in var... more The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various applications. While these have been primarily used on their own, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating these WSNs with other existing communication technologies. One such network is the satellite network which provides significant advantage in providing communication access to remote locations due to their inherent large coverage areas. Combining WSNs and satellite will enable us to perform efficient remotely monitoring in areas where terrestrial networks may not be present. However in such a scenario, the placement of sensor nodes is crucial in order to ensure efficient routing and energy-efficiency. This paper presents four network architectures for sensor-satellite hybrid networks; sensor-satellite direct communication, connections via a gateway node employing random node layout, grid-based node layout and cluster-based node layout with data aggregation. These architectures were simulated using network simulator 2 (ns-2) and then their packet loss rate, average end-to-end packet delay, and overall energy consumption were compared. The paper concludes by proposing a suitable network topology for environmental monitoring applications.
Recently there has been an exponential rise in the
use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in vari... more Recently there has been an exponential rise in the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications. While WSNs have been primarily used as independent networks, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating them with other existing networks. One such network is the satellite network which provides a reliable communication backbone to remote areas that lack appropriate terrestrial infrastructure. However, due to the integration of the two networks with different transmission and operational characteristics interoperability and security become major concerns. This paper presents an ns-2 based simulation framework of a WSN-satellite integrated network that is used to evaluate the effects of data aggregation and security mechanisms on overall network performance. The average end-to-end packet delay, overall energy consumption and aggregation efficiency are considered for this analysis. This paper also looks into the effects of implementing hop-by-hop security and end-to-end security and justifies the need for end-to-end security in the WSN-satellite integrated networks.
The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the
use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in var... more The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various applications. While these have been primarily used on their own, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating these WSNs with other existing communication technologies. One such network is the satellite network which provides significant advantage in providing communication access to remote locations due to their inherent large coverage areas. Combining WSNs and satellite will enable us to perform efficient remotely monitoring in areas where terrestrial networks may not be present. However in such a scenario, the placement of sensor nodes is crucial in order to ensure efficient routing and energy-efficiency. This paper presents four network architectures for sensor-satellite hybrid networks; sensor-satellite direct communication, connections via a gateway node employing random node layout, grid-based node layout and cluster-based node layout with data aggregation. These architectures were simulated using network simulator 2 (ns-2) and then their packet loss rate, average end-to-end packet delay, and overall energy consumption were compared. The paper concludes by proposing a suitable network topology for environmental monitoring applications.
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use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications.
While WSNs have been primarily used as independent networks,
researchers are now looking into ways of integrating them with
other existing networks. One such network is the satellite
network which provides a reliable communication backbone to
remote areas that lack appropriate terrestrial infrastructure.
However, due to the integration of the two networks with
different transmission and operational characteristics
interoperability and security become major concerns. This paper
presents an ns-2 based simulation framework of a WSN-satellite
integrated network that is used to evaluate the effects of data
aggregation and security mechanisms on overall network
performance. The average end-to-end packet delay, overall
energy consumption and aggregation efficiency are considered
for this analysis. This paper also looks into the effects of
implementing hop-by-hop security and end-to-end security and
justifies the need for end-to-end security in the WSN-satellite
integrated networks.
use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various
applications. While these have been primarily used on their
own, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating
these WSNs with other existing communication technologies.
One such network is the satellite network which provides
significant advantage in providing communication access to
remote locations due to their inherent large coverage areas.
Combining WSNs and satellite will enable us to perform
efficient remotely monitoring in areas where terrestrial
networks may not be present. However in such a scenario, the
placement of sensor nodes is crucial in order to ensure efficient
routing and energy-efficiency. This paper presents four
network architectures for sensor-satellite hybrid networks;
sensor-satellite direct communication, connections via a
gateway node employing random node layout, grid-based node
layout and cluster-based node layout with data aggregation.
These architectures were simulated using network simulator 2
(ns-2) and then their packet loss rate, average end-to-end
packet delay, and overall energy consumption were compared.
The paper concludes by proposing a suitable network topology
for environmental monitoring applications.
use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications.
While WSNs have been primarily used as independent networks,
researchers are now looking into ways of integrating them with
other existing networks. One such network is the satellite
network which provides a reliable communication backbone to
remote areas that lack appropriate terrestrial infrastructure.
However, due to the integration of the two networks with
different transmission and operational characteristics
interoperability and security become major concerns. This paper
presents an ns-2 based simulation framework of a WSN-satellite
integrated network that is used to evaluate the effects of data
aggregation and security mechanisms on overall network
performance. The average end-to-end packet delay, overall
energy consumption and aggregation efficiency are considered
for this analysis. This paper also looks into the effects of
implementing hop-by-hop security and end-to-end security and
justifies the need for end-to-end security in the WSN-satellite
integrated networks.
use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various
applications. While these have been primarily used on their
own, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating
these WSNs with other existing communication technologies.
One such network is the satellite network which provides
significant advantage in providing communication access to
remote locations due to their inherent large coverage areas.
Combining WSNs and satellite will enable us to perform
efficient remotely monitoring in areas where terrestrial
networks may not be present. However in such a scenario, the
placement of sensor nodes is crucial in order to ensure efficient
routing and energy-efficiency. This paper presents four
network architectures for sensor-satellite hybrid networks;
sensor-satellite direct communication, connections via a
gateway node employing random node layout, grid-based node
layout and cluster-based node layout with data aggregation.
These architectures were simulated using network simulator 2
(ns-2) and then their packet loss rate, average end-to-end
packet delay, and overall energy consumption were compared.
The paper concludes by proposing a suitable network topology
for environmental monitoring applications.