Despite the enormous disruption of tuberculosis (TB) services reported globally, Bangladesh’s imp... more Despite the enormous disruption of tuberculosis (TB) services reported globally, Bangladesh’s impact is not well documented. We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the TB control program in Bangladesh from patients’ and service providers’ perspectives. We conducted a cross-sectional study from November–December 2021 at six conveniently selected Upazila Health Complexes (UHC) of the Dhaka division, Bangladesh. We conducted face-to-face interviews among 180 pulmonary TB service recipients and all TB service providers working in the selected UHC. We also reviewed TB registries from each UHC. All data were summarized using descriptive statistics tools. We found a 31% reduction in presumptive TB cases during 2021 compared to 2020. Other TB services, such as testing, were reduced by 16–36% during the same period. Service receivers reported a lack of transportation (95%), and a lack of adequate human resources (89%) as critical barriers to receiving and providing TB serv...
Electromyography is a diagnostic practice that examines the condition of the muscles and the nerv... more Electromyography is a diagnostic practice that examines the condition of the muscles and the nerves that regulate them. It allows neuromuscular disorders and lesions to be diagnosed, categorized based on their severity, and the most appropriate related treatment to be carried out based on the type of ailment detected. A neurologist or physical therapist is usually the one who performs this type of exam. The idea of carrying out this research arises from the need to work with a device that can perform the functions described so far to apply these medical studies to sports, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation to achieve full recovery after suffering a neuromuscular injury. This paper intends to work within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to connect professionals and patients through the Internet and speed up diagnoses and treatments. This article discusses the design of a wearable electromyography device capable of performing the functions of acquisition, processing, and transmiss...
ObjectivesTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with the infection prevention and contr... more ObjectivesTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices and identify the factors influencing this compliance using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework.DesignQuantitative data from an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study were employed in this research.Participants and settingsFrom 17 May to 30 August 2020, 604 physicians and nurses working at six randomly selected tertiary care facilities in Dhaka City in Bangladesh took part in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCompliance with the WHO’s guidance on IPC measures, as well as the associated factors, was the primary outcome.ResultsA mean compliance score of 0.49 (±0.25) was observed on a 0–1 scale. HCWs were most compliant with the medical mask wearing guidelines (81%) and were least compliant with the high-touch surface decontamination regulations (23%). Compliance with the IPC guidance was significantly associated with increasing age, fem...
Background: Although hypertension was formerly thought to be a disease in affluent countries, rec... more Background: Although hypertension was formerly thought to be a disease in affluent countries, recent data suggest that low- and middle-income countries account for three-quarters of the worldwide hypertension burden. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of HTN in Bangladesh, while data on urban slum areas are scarce. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in an urban slum area of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 602 adults aged 18 years and above living in slum areas of Donia union at Kodomtali Thana, Dhaka, from September to October 2018 by simple random sampling. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk factors for hypertension. Results: A quarter of the urban slum dwellers were suffering from hypertension. Higher aged groups, 31 to 45 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54-4.27] and 46 an...
Fizzy drinks containing hazardous ingredients may pose public health risks to the consumers. This... more Fizzy drinks containing hazardous ingredients may pose public health risks to the consumers. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of health-compromising ingredients in fizzy drinks. Fifteen top-selling fizzy drinks [ten soft drinks (SfD) and five energy drinks (EgD)] available in the markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, were analyzed. pH was measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of TSS was done by a hand refractometer. Lane and Eynon’s method was used to determine total and reducing sugar. The level of caffeine was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Heavy metals were assessed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pH of SfD and EgD ranged from 2.5-3.4 and 2.9-3.4, respectively. The total sugar content in one serving (250 ml) was 20.8-28.8 gm for SfD and 22.6-37.0 gm for EgD, where six fizzy drinks exceeded the maximum daily allowable limit of J Food Sci Nutr Res 2021; 4 (1): 057-065 DOI: 10.265...
A large number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients are suffering from relat... more A large number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients are suffering from related symptoms. We conducted telephone interviews with 186 COVID-19 recovered medical doctors to determine the post-COVID symptoms, duration, and associated risk factors. About 70% of participants had at least one acute post-COVID symptom, including fatigue (43.0%), sleep disturbance (13.4%), lack of concentration (11.8%), breathing difficulty (10.2%), headache (6.5%), and muscle pain (6.5%). However, about 24% of participants reported having long post-COVID symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex (odds ratio {OR}, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.28-6.06; p-value: 0.010) and comorbid conditions (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.08-4.79; p: value, 0.030) are risk factors for the long post-COVID symptoms.
Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive... more Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive attention in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cyber child abuse in the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 460 children aged between 11 to 17 years recruited from a selected rural area of Bangladesh by simple random sampling. A cyber abuse scale was developed to measure the prevalence of cyber child abuse. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Results: Around 33 percent of children were internet users. The prevalence of at least one, two, and three form(s) of cyber abuses was 59 percent, 38 percent, and 26 percent, respectively, among the internet users. The commonly reported abuses were being subjected to bullying, mockery, rumor, or humiliation (36%), contacted anonymously with ill motive (29%), receiving sexually explicit message o...
Background: Any public health emergency demands adequate risk communication with the vulnerable p... more Background: Any public health emergency demands adequate risk communication with the vulnerable population along with their optimized perception about the impending risk to ensure proper risk management and crisis control. Hence, this study will be conducted to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions regarding risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as how they are being communicated to about the risk, and how they practice risk reduction measures. Methods: A two-phased explanatory sequential mixed-method study will be conducted among physicians and nurses from randomly selected tertiary healthcare facilities in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. In the first phase, the general pattern and quantifiable measures of risk perception, risk communication, and infection prevention practices will be assessed quantitatively. Multiple linear regression analyses will be performed to explore how much variability of risk perception is predicted by risk communication methods and c...
This case control study was done to ascertain the association between exposures to biomass cookin... more This case control study was done to ascertain the association between exposures to biomass cooking fuel smoke and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cases were all newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, randomly collected from the Hospital (DOTS centers) Registry from January 2012 to June 2012 from two Upazillas of Sirajganj district, Bangladesh. A home visitation program was done subsequently. Healthy controls were recruited from the neighbourhood of each case through a predefined procedure. Total 276 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 276 neighbourhood controls were enrolled. A semi-structured questionnaire containing demographic information, smoking habits, cooking place, kitchen condition, use of biomass fuel for cooking was used for interview. Crude (unadjusted) odd ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence limits for independent variables were determined by binary logistic regression. All significant variables were entered into a multivariate conditional logistic regressi...
This cross sectional study was done to observe the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorde... more This cross sectional study was done to observe the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with epilepsy, in the Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Neurology, of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from July 2007 to June 2008. In this study, information about psychiatric disorders of 50 epileptic children, age ranging from 5-17 years with mean±SD (11.1±1.43) years, and 50 age, sex and socio-demographic status matched controls children (age ranging from 5-18 years with mean±SD (11.6±1.82) years were enrolled by parent, teacher and self version of Development And Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) (Validated Bangla Version). Emotional disorders are more prevalent than behavioral disorders among epileptic children. Forty four percent (44%) of children with epilepsy had psychiatric disorder and this rate was significantly higher than that of healthy control (p>0.05). Disorders include major depressive disorder (20%), obsessive compuls...
2013 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), 2013
Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Uniqueness of ... more Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Uniqueness of one's Fingerprint remains same throughout the lifetime. Therefore, fingerprints are being used in many biometric systems such as civilian and commercial identification devices and forensic investigation systems. In our paper we have proposed a fingerprint recognition system as a combination of three significant stages: preprocessing, post-processing and matching stage that improves accuracy by overcoming the challenges previous systems presented. We have applied several enhancement methods in the pre-processing stage. For fingerprint image alignment purpose we have used core point based `Poincare Index value' method, which is one of the widely used method for core point detection. Curvelet transformation, a new multi-resolution and multi-orientations tool is therefore used for the extraction of feature set from the image in different scale and orientation. Extracted features vectors from Curvelet co-efficient matrix are then classified using k nearest neighbor classifier in order to recognize the specific fingerprint.
Heart valve surgery in high-risk patients with severe jaundice, congestive hepatomegaly and renal... more Heart valve surgery in high-risk patients with severe jaundice, congestive hepatomegaly and renal impairment is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Without operation the consequences are invariably grave. A 35 years old gentleman with congestive cardiac failure was initially treated in coronary care unit (CCU). Mitral valve area was 0.5cm², pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) was 110mmHg, serum bilirubin was 20mg/dl, SGPT & SGOT were 1024iu/l and 1027iu/l respectively. Serum creatinine was 3.35mmol/l. Serum bilirubin gradually diminished to 3.1mg/dl after 12 days treatment in Coronary Care Unit but next day it increased to 3.6mg/dl. Mitral valve was replaced on an emergency basis. Echocardiogram on the 5th post operative day showed well functioning prosthetic mitral valve in situ. Serum bilirubin decreased to 2.2mg/dl, SGPT, SGOT and serum creatinine to 43iu/l, 40iu/l and 1.34mmol/l respectively. After 8 weeks of postoperative follow up his serum bilirubin ...
Background: Stroke is the third commonest cause of death in developed countries and is responsibl... more Background: Stroke is the third commonest cause of death in developed countries and is responsible for the physical disability of a large population. The study was designed to see the association of serum folic acid with ischemic stroke. It was concluded that the low levels of folic acid are associated with ischemic stroke. Aim and objectives: To evaluate the association of serum folic acid level with ischemic stroke and to measure and compare the serum folic acid level among the cases and control subjects. Material and method: This study was a case-control study which was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry of BSMMU, Dhaka, between the period of 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2011 for duration of two years. A total number of 60 patients presented with ischemic stroke and 60 control person were enrolled in this study. All patients of both sexes, aged between 20 years and above presented with ischemic stroke, from 0 day to 1 month that was conf...
Background: Zinc deficiency is evident in chronic diseases, but little is known about its associa... more Background: Zinc deficiency is evident in chronic diseases, but little is known about its association with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). We aimed to measure serum zinc level in MDRTB patients and explore its association with MDRTB compared to drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB). Methods: We recruited 107 MDRTB and 87 DSTB patients from a tuberculosis referral hospital in Bangladesh. After overnight fasting, 5 ml venous blood was collected from each patient to measure serum zinc level through graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Multivariate logistic regression was done to measure its association with MDRTB. Results: The mean age of all patients was 36 years, where 70% were male. About 27% MDRTB patients and 2.3% DSTB patients had low serum zinc level (P < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was observed between serum zinc level and duration of anti-TB therapy (r-value: −0.252, P < 0.01). Reduced serum zinc level (odds ratio, 0.957; 95% confidenc...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China is now a major global hea... more The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China is now a major global health threat - a pandemic. Public health control measures are the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19 in the absence of an effective vaccine or proven treatment. The aim of this review was to explore the historical use case of various public health measures adopted today to tackle COVID-19 spread. Although our knowledge about this novel coronavirus transmission is evolving over time, the fundamental non-pharmaceutical interventions e.g., handwashing, wearing a mask, physical distancing, isolation, quarantine and border control which are adopted globally at present are not new. This review highlighted that historically and religiously similar approaches were practised in the medieval past for controlling disease outbreaks. The successful implementation of the public health control measures largely depends on health systems resilience, community engagement and changes in population be...
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of stroke and dementia. Recent evidenc... more Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of stroke and dementia. Recent evidence showed that coronary artery calcium (CAC), a robust measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, independently predicts future dementia. One potential explanation for this observed link between CAC and dementia is that CAC is related to CSVD. However, limited study directly examined such association. Aim: To provide mechanistic explanation for the already-observed positive association between atherosclerosis and dementia. Methods: A total of 702 community dwelling men randomly sampled from Kusatsu City, Japan were analyzed. CAC was scored by Agatston’s method. Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) we assessed the following components as the measures of CSVD: lacunar infarcts (LI), microbleeds (MB), deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH). CAC were categorized as absent (Agatston score=0), mild (more than zero and <100) and modera...
Despite the enormous disruption of tuberculosis (TB) services reported globally, Bangladesh’s imp... more Despite the enormous disruption of tuberculosis (TB) services reported globally, Bangladesh’s impact is not well documented. We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the TB control program in Bangladesh from patients’ and service providers’ perspectives. We conducted a cross-sectional study from November–December 2021 at six conveniently selected Upazila Health Complexes (UHC) of the Dhaka division, Bangladesh. We conducted face-to-face interviews among 180 pulmonary TB service recipients and all TB service providers working in the selected UHC. We also reviewed TB registries from each UHC. All data were summarized using descriptive statistics tools. We found a 31% reduction in presumptive TB cases during 2021 compared to 2020. Other TB services, such as testing, were reduced by 16–36% during the same period. Service receivers reported a lack of transportation (95%), and a lack of adequate human resources (89%) as critical barriers to receiving and providing TB serv...
Electromyography is a diagnostic practice that examines the condition of the muscles and the nerv... more Electromyography is a diagnostic practice that examines the condition of the muscles and the nerves that regulate them. It allows neuromuscular disorders and lesions to be diagnosed, categorized based on their severity, and the most appropriate related treatment to be carried out based on the type of ailment detected. A neurologist or physical therapist is usually the one who performs this type of exam. The idea of carrying out this research arises from the need to work with a device that can perform the functions described so far to apply these medical studies to sports, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation to achieve full recovery after suffering a neuromuscular injury. This paper intends to work within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to connect professionals and patients through the Internet and speed up diagnoses and treatments. This article discusses the design of a wearable electromyography device capable of performing the functions of acquisition, processing, and transmiss...
ObjectivesTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with the infection prevention and contr... more ObjectivesTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices and identify the factors influencing this compliance using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework.DesignQuantitative data from an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study were employed in this research.Participants and settingsFrom 17 May to 30 August 2020, 604 physicians and nurses working at six randomly selected tertiary care facilities in Dhaka City in Bangladesh took part in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCompliance with the WHO’s guidance on IPC measures, as well as the associated factors, was the primary outcome.ResultsA mean compliance score of 0.49 (±0.25) was observed on a 0–1 scale. HCWs were most compliant with the medical mask wearing guidelines (81%) and were least compliant with the high-touch surface decontamination regulations (23%). Compliance with the IPC guidance was significantly associated with increasing age, fem...
Background: Although hypertension was formerly thought to be a disease in affluent countries, rec... more Background: Although hypertension was formerly thought to be a disease in affluent countries, recent data suggest that low- and middle-income countries account for three-quarters of the worldwide hypertension burden. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of HTN in Bangladesh, while data on urban slum areas are scarce. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in an urban slum area of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 602 adults aged 18 years and above living in slum areas of Donia union at Kodomtali Thana, Dhaka, from September to October 2018 by simple random sampling. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk factors for hypertension. Results: A quarter of the urban slum dwellers were suffering from hypertension. Higher aged groups, 31 to 45 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54-4.27] and 46 an...
Fizzy drinks containing hazardous ingredients may pose public health risks to the consumers. This... more Fizzy drinks containing hazardous ingredients may pose public health risks to the consumers. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of health-compromising ingredients in fizzy drinks. Fifteen top-selling fizzy drinks [ten soft drinks (SfD) and five energy drinks (EgD)] available in the markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, were analyzed. pH was measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of TSS was done by a hand refractometer. Lane and Eynon’s method was used to determine total and reducing sugar. The level of caffeine was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Heavy metals were assessed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pH of SfD and EgD ranged from 2.5-3.4 and 2.9-3.4, respectively. The total sugar content in one serving (250 ml) was 20.8-28.8 gm for SfD and 22.6-37.0 gm for EgD, where six fizzy drinks exceeded the maximum daily allowable limit of J Food Sci Nutr Res 2021; 4 (1): 057-065 DOI: 10.265...
A large number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients are suffering from relat... more A large number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients are suffering from related symptoms. We conducted telephone interviews with 186 COVID-19 recovered medical doctors to determine the post-COVID symptoms, duration, and associated risk factors. About 70% of participants had at least one acute post-COVID symptom, including fatigue (43.0%), sleep disturbance (13.4%), lack of concentration (11.8%), breathing difficulty (10.2%), headache (6.5%), and muscle pain (6.5%). However, about 24% of participants reported having long post-COVID symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex (odds ratio {OR}, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.28-6.06; p-value: 0.010) and comorbid conditions (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.08-4.79; p: value, 0.030) are risk factors for the long post-COVID symptoms.
Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive... more Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive attention in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cyber child abuse in the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 460 children aged between 11 to 17 years recruited from a selected rural area of Bangladesh by simple random sampling. A cyber abuse scale was developed to measure the prevalence of cyber child abuse. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Results: Around 33 percent of children were internet users. The prevalence of at least one, two, and three form(s) of cyber abuses was 59 percent, 38 percent, and 26 percent, respectively, among the internet users. The commonly reported abuses were being subjected to bullying, mockery, rumor, or humiliation (36%), contacted anonymously with ill motive (29%), receiving sexually explicit message o...
Background: Any public health emergency demands adequate risk communication with the vulnerable p... more Background: Any public health emergency demands adequate risk communication with the vulnerable population along with their optimized perception about the impending risk to ensure proper risk management and crisis control. Hence, this study will be conducted to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions regarding risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as how they are being communicated to about the risk, and how they practice risk reduction measures. Methods: A two-phased explanatory sequential mixed-method study will be conducted among physicians and nurses from randomly selected tertiary healthcare facilities in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. In the first phase, the general pattern and quantifiable measures of risk perception, risk communication, and infection prevention practices will be assessed quantitatively. Multiple linear regression analyses will be performed to explore how much variability of risk perception is predicted by risk communication methods and c...
This case control study was done to ascertain the association between exposures to biomass cookin... more This case control study was done to ascertain the association between exposures to biomass cooking fuel smoke and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cases were all newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, randomly collected from the Hospital (DOTS centers) Registry from January 2012 to June 2012 from two Upazillas of Sirajganj district, Bangladesh. A home visitation program was done subsequently. Healthy controls were recruited from the neighbourhood of each case through a predefined procedure. Total 276 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 276 neighbourhood controls were enrolled. A semi-structured questionnaire containing demographic information, smoking habits, cooking place, kitchen condition, use of biomass fuel for cooking was used for interview. Crude (unadjusted) odd ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence limits for independent variables were determined by binary logistic regression. All significant variables were entered into a multivariate conditional logistic regressi...
This cross sectional study was done to observe the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorde... more This cross sectional study was done to observe the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with epilepsy, in the Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Neurology, of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from July 2007 to June 2008. In this study, information about psychiatric disorders of 50 epileptic children, age ranging from 5-17 years with mean±SD (11.1±1.43) years, and 50 age, sex and socio-demographic status matched controls children (age ranging from 5-18 years with mean±SD (11.6±1.82) years were enrolled by parent, teacher and self version of Development And Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) (Validated Bangla Version). Emotional disorders are more prevalent than behavioral disorders among epileptic children. Forty four percent (44%) of children with epilepsy had psychiatric disorder and this rate was significantly higher than that of healthy control (p>0.05). Disorders include major depressive disorder (20%), obsessive compuls...
2013 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), 2013
Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Uniqueness of ... more Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Uniqueness of one's Fingerprint remains same throughout the lifetime. Therefore, fingerprints are being used in many biometric systems such as civilian and commercial identification devices and forensic investigation systems. In our paper we have proposed a fingerprint recognition system as a combination of three significant stages: preprocessing, post-processing and matching stage that improves accuracy by overcoming the challenges previous systems presented. We have applied several enhancement methods in the pre-processing stage. For fingerprint image alignment purpose we have used core point based `Poincare Index value' method, which is one of the widely used method for core point detection. Curvelet transformation, a new multi-resolution and multi-orientations tool is therefore used for the extraction of feature set from the image in different scale and orientation. Extracted features vectors from Curvelet co-efficient matrix are then classified using k nearest neighbor classifier in order to recognize the specific fingerprint.
Heart valve surgery in high-risk patients with severe jaundice, congestive hepatomegaly and renal... more Heart valve surgery in high-risk patients with severe jaundice, congestive hepatomegaly and renal impairment is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Without operation the consequences are invariably grave. A 35 years old gentleman with congestive cardiac failure was initially treated in coronary care unit (CCU). Mitral valve area was 0.5cm², pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) was 110mmHg, serum bilirubin was 20mg/dl, SGPT & SGOT were 1024iu/l and 1027iu/l respectively. Serum creatinine was 3.35mmol/l. Serum bilirubin gradually diminished to 3.1mg/dl after 12 days treatment in Coronary Care Unit but next day it increased to 3.6mg/dl. Mitral valve was replaced on an emergency basis. Echocardiogram on the 5th post operative day showed well functioning prosthetic mitral valve in situ. Serum bilirubin decreased to 2.2mg/dl, SGPT, SGOT and serum creatinine to 43iu/l, 40iu/l and 1.34mmol/l respectively. After 8 weeks of postoperative follow up his serum bilirubin ...
Background: Stroke is the third commonest cause of death in developed countries and is responsibl... more Background: Stroke is the third commonest cause of death in developed countries and is responsible for the physical disability of a large population. The study was designed to see the association of serum folic acid with ischemic stroke. It was concluded that the low levels of folic acid are associated with ischemic stroke. Aim and objectives: To evaluate the association of serum folic acid level with ischemic stroke and to measure and compare the serum folic acid level among the cases and control subjects. Material and method: This study was a case-control study which was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry of BSMMU, Dhaka, between the period of 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2011 for duration of two years. A total number of 60 patients presented with ischemic stroke and 60 control person were enrolled in this study. All patients of both sexes, aged between 20 years and above presented with ischemic stroke, from 0 day to 1 month that was conf...
Background: Zinc deficiency is evident in chronic diseases, but little is known about its associa... more Background: Zinc deficiency is evident in chronic diseases, but little is known about its association with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). We aimed to measure serum zinc level in MDRTB patients and explore its association with MDRTB compared to drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB). Methods: We recruited 107 MDRTB and 87 DSTB patients from a tuberculosis referral hospital in Bangladesh. After overnight fasting, 5 ml venous blood was collected from each patient to measure serum zinc level through graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Multivariate logistic regression was done to measure its association with MDRTB. Results: The mean age of all patients was 36 years, where 70% were male. About 27% MDRTB patients and 2.3% DSTB patients had low serum zinc level (P < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was observed between serum zinc level and duration of anti-TB therapy (r-value: −0.252, P < 0.01). Reduced serum zinc level (odds ratio, 0.957; 95% confidenc...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China is now a major global hea... more The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China is now a major global health threat - a pandemic. Public health control measures are the cornerstones in the fight against COVID-19 in the absence of an effective vaccine or proven treatment. The aim of this review was to explore the historical use case of various public health measures adopted today to tackle COVID-19 spread. Although our knowledge about this novel coronavirus transmission is evolving over time, the fundamental non-pharmaceutical interventions e.g., handwashing, wearing a mask, physical distancing, isolation, quarantine and border control which are adopted globally at present are not new. This review highlighted that historically and religiously similar approaches were practised in the medieval past for controlling disease outbreaks. The successful implementation of the public health control measures largely depends on health systems resilience, community engagement and changes in population be...
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of stroke and dementia. Recent evidenc... more Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of stroke and dementia. Recent evidence showed that coronary artery calcium (CAC), a robust measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, independently predicts future dementia. One potential explanation for this observed link between CAC and dementia is that CAC is related to CSVD. However, limited study directly examined such association. Aim: To provide mechanistic explanation for the already-observed positive association between atherosclerosis and dementia. Methods: A total of 702 community dwelling men randomly sampled from Kusatsu City, Japan were analyzed. CAC was scored by Agatston’s method. Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) we assessed the following components as the measures of CSVD: lacunar infarcts (LI), microbleeds (MB), deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH). CAC were categorized as absent (Agatston score=0), mild (more than zero and <100) and modera...
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