BACKGROUND: Workplace violence (WPV) against health-care professionals has been a concern worldwi... more BACKGROUND: Workplace violence (WPV) against health-care professionals has been a concern worldwide as it strains the relationship between the patient and healthcare professionals. Implementing mitigation interventions to help the healthcare professionals to prevent and manage these violent episodes might make the workplaces more secure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize the recent evidence on intervention strategies for workplace violence. METHOD: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, Cochrane and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed intervention studies published in the last 11 years to mitigate workplace violence. A qualitative synthesis of the findings from included studies was done. RESULT: A total of 17 studies were identified based on prevention and management of workplace violence. The interventions were mainly educational in nature based on a workshop format. These interventions were found to be effective in improving the perceived ability to deal wit...
Behaviour change is the basic foundation in the management of obesity. Such behaviour change is d... more Behaviour change is the basic foundation in the management of obesity. Such behaviour change is difficult to achieve due to several psychosocial and behavioural barriers that often remain unidentified and unaddressed in a weight management programme. This is even more challenging in postpartum and midlife women because of several biopsychosocial factors. The non-availability of psychologists or trained healthcare counsellors further complicates the attainment of behavioural changes. Therefore, clinicians, who are often the first point of contact for treating these population groups, are hamstrung by the lack of a multidisciplinary approach for weight reduction. Some of the common psychological, social and behavioural barriers have been identified in this article, and evidence-based techniques such as goal setting, stimulus control and cognitive restructuring are presented in a step-wise approach, to help clinicians cater to these population groups in a holistic manner.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2022
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and ... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and overall health-related quality of life in midlife women. The AIIMS-DST initiative aims to develop and validate stepwise recommendations specific for weight management in midlife women. METHODS The key clinical questions specific to weight management in midlife women were finalised with the help of a multidisciplinary team of experts in the guideline development group (GDG). Phase I included a systematic and/or narrative review to gather evidence, grading of evidence and expert opinion was sought to develop clinical practice recommendations for each clinical question. Phase II focused on validation of clinical practice recommendations using the peer-review, Delphi method and GRADE approach. RESULTS -The guidelines provide clinical practice points to address challenges encountered by midlife women in their attempts to manage obesity via lifestyle modification techniques. The initiation of discussion would help the healthcare provider to identify the weight management needs of the women, educate women on different modalities of weight management, and empower them to incorporate corrective lifestyle behaviours. Before initiating the management, a comprehensive assessment of clinical and lifestylerelated parameters should be completed. A personalised behavioural lifestyle modification program addressing the midlife specific barriers for optimal metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health should be planned. A consistent follow-up is required for maintenance of corrective eating and activity habits by addressing midlife specific barriers for sustenance of healthy weight. CONCLUSION These recommendations will be useful in opportunistic screening and management of obesity in midlife women across healthcare settings.
Global momentum is growing for the total elimination of industrially produced trans fats from the... more Global momentum is growing for the total elimination of industrially produced trans fats from the food systems as they are known to have deleterious health effects on various body functions particularly the cardiovascular health. Many developed nations such as Denmark have completely eliminated the use of industrially produced trans fats from the food supply. India is undergoing a significant nutrition transition that has substantially increased the intake of processed and ready-to-eat foods, abundant in trans fats. The Indian regulator-Food Safety and Standards Authority of India is all set to reduce the industrially produced trans fats to <2% by the end of year 2021 in a phased manner. Multiple strategies such as reducing trans fat limit in oils and fats, mandatory labeling on food products, introduction of “Trans-fat free” claim and logo have been adopted by the Indian regulatory body, to achieve the goal of trans fat free India. This review comprehensively summarizes from a p...
In the post liberalization period, changes in the consumer purchase behaviour are seen with growi... more In the post liberalization period, changes in the consumer purchase behaviour are seen with growing liberalization, rise in per capita income, GDP and explosion of brands. This rise in large base of consumers has been an attraction for big global retailers and major domestic corporate sector to invest in modern retail sector in India. The retail industry is expected to grow at rate of 14% by 2013. The first step towards allowing foreign investment in retail was taken in the year 2006 subsequently the government of India has allowed 100% FDI in single brand retail to give consumer greater access to foreign brands, with the on going debate whether it should be allowed in multi brand retail or not. The objective of present paper is to analyse the impact of present retail FDI policies on Indian consumer and economy using SWOT analysis. The analysis reveals that it will have few positive but more negative impacts on the growth of the Indian economy as a whole.
Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) is a common, yet neglected disease with a prevalen... more Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) is a common, yet neglected disease with a prevalence of around 25% in primary care setting. These patients present with multiple physical and psychological symptoms, without an underlying diagnosis, hampering their functional and mental wellbeing. The management of these undiagnosed symptoms through conventional treatment has not been encouraging. Patients shuttle between different specialities, seeking a diagnosis for their symptoms, making them dissatisfied and increasing healthcare burden. Yoga, as an adjunct therapy has shown to be effective in the management of MUPS related disorders such as somatoform disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression and anxiety. Thus, we suggest an integrated yoga module which might help in improving both physical and psychological variable in MUPS patients and improving their overall quality of life. Furthermore, the gap in the literature on the efficacy of yoga in improving MUPS, can be a...
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To identify instruments used to evaluate the predictors of successful weight ... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS To identify instruments used to evaluate the predictors of successful weight loss across weight loss trials. METHODS We searched PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Reviews and Scopus for weight loss trials reporting instruments published in the last 16 years. RESULTS A total of 46 significant behavioral and psychological predictors were identified, of which 32 instruments were finally selected. SF-36 questionnaire and Obesity Related Problem Scale for psychosocial health, TREMORE scale for motivation, Social Support Scale for support, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Scale for self-efficacy and Body Shape Questionnaire for body image had moderate quality. Barriers to healthy eating questionnaire scale and Dutch Eating Behavior also had moderate quality. CONCLUSION Use of uniform instruments with optimum quality can benefit clinical and community-based researchers to generate reliable datasets.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Background and aims COVID-19 is expected to have a significant impact on the socio-behavioural as... more Background and aims COVID-19 is expected to have a significant impact on the socio-behavioural aspect of citizens’ lives, although the effects are expected to manifest differently in different population groups. The current study was conducted to assess the socio-behavioural impact of COVID-19 among the general population across India between the first and the second wave of pandemic. Methods A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15th March −25th March 2021 using a pre-validated validated questionnaire upon the general population using e-survey, telephonic and face-to-face interview. The participants were recruited from the different regions of India by the purposive and snowball sampling technique following the principle of maximum diversity. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to study the association between the various sociodemographic variables and different behaviours. Results A total of 1079 responses were analysed for the study. Almost half of the participants feared contracting the COVID-19 infection. Overall, female participants, elderly people (more than 60 years of age) and urban dwellers reported a greater fear in the survey. More than half of the participants (53.39%) reported significant difficulties due to home confinement. People have become more inclined to adopt healthy lifestyles. There are mixed responses in the area of following preventive practices. Conclusion People have a significant amount of fear and anxiety related to the pandemic, leading to several social and behavioural changes that might have a considerable impact on their everyday lives.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This narrative review is intended to present an evidence and opinion-based we... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS This narrative review is intended to present an evidence and opinion-based weight management module for Indian postpartum women to be used by clinicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were accessed to extract relevant studies to derive evidence-based information. The reference list of the extracted studies was also checked to obtain further relevant articles. The opinion-based information was achieved from the consensus among the gynaecologists, nutritionists and doctors from Medicine according to their practical experiences in real time. In this review, we have used the term "postpartum" to represent the time period of two years after delivery. RESULTS A postpartum weight management module consisting of information about diet, physical activity, sleep and breastfeeding was devised to be used in regular clinical practice, particularly in the Indian settings. CONCLUSION Postpartum women deal with various unique challenges as compared to other population groups. Individualised weight management strategies should be adopted to facilitate sustainable postpartum weight management.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Background and aims The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's ... more Background and aims The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's knowledge and attitude regarding the vaccination program. Higher vaccine acceptance can be ensured by strengthening the facilitators and limiting the barriers being observed among the general population. Material and methods Indexed study is a cross-sectional web-based survey using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess knowledge, barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programme administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. Results A total of 1294 responses (age: 38.02 ± 13.34) were collected. Most of the participants had limited knowledge regarding the eligibility of vaccines in vulnerable population groups such as people with allergies (57.89%) and immune-compromised patients (62.98%), pregnant and lactating women (41.89%) and patients with chronic illness (34.78%). Older participants (>45 years) were more willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.001) as they believed the vaccine is not harmful and considered it as societal responsibility. Younger participants (<45 years) and those residing in urban settings raised concerns on the availability of the vaccine and authenticity of the vaccine (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a scope for improvement in people's knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine and the vaccination programme by addressing the barriers and facilitators which can improve the participants' turnover at vaccination centres.
Obesity is a commonly encountered health-care problem that is an independent risk factor for chro... more Obesity is a commonly encountered health-care problem that is an independent risk factor for chronic metabolic complications. Primary care physicians are the first point of contact in the management of obesity. Weight management is a step-wise intensification of interventions that initiates with lifestyle modification. Dietary and physical activity advices are integral components of all weight loss consultations and should ideally be imparted by a dietician or a nutritionist. In case of their nonavailability, the onus for lifestyle counseling rests with the physician. The prescription for a low-calorie diet coupled with increased physical activity might seem simple, but the success lies in compliance and sustainability of this advice. Compliance can be enhanced through patient-specific diet and activity plans along with corrections in eating and activity behavior. Barriers in patient's environment must also be addressed to achieve sustainable weight loss. This review covers practical insights in standard lifestyle management techniques, which can help the physicians to set better weight loss goals, adapt to patient specific lifestyle counseling, and apply strategies to enhance compliance for sustained weight loss.
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) incapacitates nearly 3.5 million Indians and can result in... more BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) incapacitates nearly 3.5 million Indians and can result in a host of physical, cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural problems. Neuropsychological rehabilitation (NR) aids in amelioration of these deficits. As people with low literacy levels represent a significant proportion of the world, specific cognitive rehabilitation modules for such populations are indispensable. A standardised, economical NR intervention may assist in faster recovery.MethodsThe study was initiated after obtaining institute ethics approval and the Clinical Trials Registry – India clearance. A 6-week indigenised literacy-free NR intervention Rehabilitation of Eclectic Cognitive Functioning post Traumatic Brain Injury to Retrain and Restore Attention, Concentration, Memory and Executive Functions (RETRACE) was developed. This intervention targeted areas of memory, attention and concentration, executive functioning, and response inhibition. It was standardised on 50 h...
Menopause has been identified as a high-risk stage for weight gain in a woman's lifecycle. Me... more Menopause has been identified as a high-risk stage for weight gain in a woman's lifecycle. Menopause-related weight gain is a consequence of low circulating estrogen levels due to progressive loss of ovarian function. Moreover, the changes in the hormonal milieu, chronological aging, decline in physical activity coupled with westernized dietary pattern, and recurrent emotional eating episodes associated with psychological distress also contribute to the increase in total body fat and waist circumference. Higher waist circumference is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease in menopausal women. These obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors and menopausal symptoms can be effectively managed by achieving clinically significant weight loss through lifestyle modification. Behavioral lifestyle intervention uses behavioral techniques for counseling corrective dietary and physical activity practices in achieving sustainable weight loss outcomes. Majority of menopausal women seek this counseling from gynecologist, especially in primary care settings due to nonavailability of multidisciplinary teams. Thus, the aim of the review is to understand the menopause-obesity link, associated risk factors, and its health-related burden in perimenopausal women to devise a practical women-centric weight management module based on lifestyle modification techniques to address the burden of menopausal obesity in regular gynecological practice.
BACKGROUND: Workplace violence (WPV) against health-care professionals has been a concern worldwi... more BACKGROUND: Workplace violence (WPV) against health-care professionals has been a concern worldwide as it strains the relationship between the patient and healthcare professionals. Implementing mitigation interventions to help the healthcare professionals to prevent and manage these violent episodes might make the workplaces more secure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize the recent evidence on intervention strategies for workplace violence. METHOD: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, Cochrane and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed intervention studies published in the last 11 years to mitigate workplace violence. A qualitative synthesis of the findings from included studies was done. RESULT: A total of 17 studies were identified based on prevention and management of workplace violence. The interventions were mainly educational in nature based on a workshop format. These interventions were found to be effective in improving the perceived ability to deal wit...
Behaviour change is the basic foundation in the management of obesity. Such behaviour change is d... more Behaviour change is the basic foundation in the management of obesity. Such behaviour change is difficult to achieve due to several psychosocial and behavioural barriers that often remain unidentified and unaddressed in a weight management programme. This is even more challenging in postpartum and midlife women because of several biopsychosocial factors. The non-availability of psychologists or trained healthcare counsellors further complicates the attainment of behavioural changes. Therefore, clinicians, who are often the first point of contact for treating these population groups, are hamstrung by the lack of a multidisciplinary approach for weight reduction. Some of the common psychological, social and behavioural barriers have been identified in this article, and evidence-based techniques such as goal setting, stimulus control and cognitive restructuring are presented in a step-wise approach, to help clinicians cater to these population groups in a holistic manner.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2022
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and ... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and overall health-related quality of life in midlife women. The AIIMS-DST initiative aims to develop and validate stepwise recommendations specific for weight management in midlife women. METHODS The key clinical questions specific to weight management in midlife women were finalised with the help of a multidisciplinary team of experts in the guideline development group (GDG). Phase I included a systematic and/or narrative review to gather evidence, grading of evidence and expert opinion was sought to develop clinical practice recommendations for each clinical question. Phase II focused on validation of clinical practice recommendations using the peer-review, Delphi method and GRADE approach. RESULTS -The guidelines provide clinical practice points to address challenges encountered by midlife women in their attempts to manage obesity via lifestyle modification techniques. The initiation of discussion would help the healthcare provider to identify the weight management needs of the women, educate women on different modalities of weight management, and empower them to incorporate corrective lifestyle behaviours. Before initiating the management, a comprehensive assessment of clinical and lifestylerelated parameters should be completed. A personalised behavioural lifestyle modification program addressing the midlife specific barriers for optimal metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health should be planned. A consistent follow-up is required for maintenance of corrective eating and activity habits by addressing midlife specific barriers for sustenance of healthy weight. CONCLUSION These recommendations will be useful in opportunistic screening and management of obesity in midlife women across healthcare settings.
Global momentum is growing for the total elimination of industrially produced trans fats from the... more Global momentum is growing for the total elimination of industrially produced trans fats from the food systems as they are known to have deleterious health effects on various body functions particularly the cardiovascular health. Many developed nations such as Denmark have completely eliminated the use of industrially produced trans fats from the food supply. India is undergoing a significant nutrition transition that has substantially increased the intake of processed and ready-to-eat foods, abundant in trans fats. The Indian regulator-Food Safety and Standards Authority of India is all set to reduce the industrially produced trans fats to <2% by the end of year 2021 in a phased manner. Multiple strategies such as reducing trans fat limit in oils and fats, mandatory labeling on food products, introduction of “Trans-fat free” claim and logo have been adopted by the Indian regulatory body, to achieve the goal of trans fat free India. This review comprehensively summarizes from a p...
In the post liberalization period, changes in the consumer purchase behaviour are seen with growi... more In the post liberalization period, changes in the consumer purchase behaviour are seen with growing liberalization, rise in per capita income, GDP and explosion of brands. This rise in large base of consumers has been an attraction for big global retailers and major domestic corporate sector to invest in modern retail sector in India. The retail industry is expected to grow at rate of 14% by 2013. The first step towards allowing foreign investment in retail was taken in the year 2006 subsequently the government of India has allowed 100% FDI in single brand retail to give consumer greater access to foreign brands, with the on going debate whether it should be allowed in multi brand retail or not. The objective of present paper is to analyse the impact of present retail FDI policies on Indian consumer and economy using SWOT analysis. The analysis reveals that it will have few positive but more negative impacts on the growth of the Indian economy as a whole.
Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) is a common, yet neglected disease with a prevalen... more Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) is a common, yet neglected disease with a prevalence of around 25% in primary care setting. These patients present with multiple physical and psychological symptoms, without an underlying diagnosis, hampering their functional and mental wellbeing. The management of these undiagnosed symptoms through conventional treatment has not been encouraging. Patients shuttle between different specialities, seeking a diagnosis for their symptoms, making them dissatisfied and increasing healthcare burden. Yoga, as an adjunct therapy has shown to be effective in the management of MUPS related disorders such as somatoform disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression and anxiety. Thus, we suggest an integrated yoga module which might help in improving both physical and psychological variable in MUPS patients and improving their overall quality of life. Furthermore, the gap in the literature on the efficacy of yoga in improving MUPS, can be a...
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To identify instruments used to evaluate the predictors of successful weight ... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS To identify instruments used to evaluate the predictors of successful weight loss across weight loss trials. METHODS We searched PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Reviews and Scopus for weight loss trials reporting instruments published in the last 16 years. RESULTS A total of 46 significant behavioral and psychological predictors were identified, of which 32 instruments were finally selected. SF-36 questionnaire and Obesity Related Problem Scale for psychosocial health, TREMORE scale for motivation, Social Support Scale for support, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Scale for self-efficacy and Body Shape Questionnaire for body image had moderate quality. Barriers to healthy eating questionnaire scale and Dutch Eating Behavior also had moderate quality. CONCLUSION Use of uniform instruments with optimum quality can benefit clinical and community-based researchers to generate reliable datasets.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Background and aims COVID-19 is expected to have a significant impact on the socio-behavioural as... more Background and aims COVID-19 is expected to have a significant impact on the socio-behavioural aspect of citizens’ lives, although the effects are expected to manifest differently in different population groups. The current study was conducted to assess the socio-behavioural impact of COVID-19 among the general population across India between the first and the second wave of pandemic. Methods A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15th March −25th March 2021 using a pre-validated validated questionnaire upon the general population using e-survey, telephonic and face-to-face interview. The participants were recruited from the different regions of India by the purposive and snowball sampling technique following the principle of maximum diversity. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to study the association between the various sociodemographic variables and different behaviours. Results A total of 1079 responses were analysed for the study. Almost half of the participants feared contracting the COVID-19 infection. Overall, female participants, elderly people (more than 60 years of age) and urban dwellers reported a greater fear in the survey. More than half of the participants (53.39%) reported significant difficulties due to home confinement. People have become more inclined to adopt healthy lifestyles. There are mixed responses in the area of following preventive practices. Conclusion People have a significant amount of fear and anxiety related to the pandemic, leading to several social and behavioural changes that might have a considerable impact on their everyday lives.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This narrative review is intended to present an evidence and opinion-based we... more BACKGROUND AND AIMS This narrative review is intended to present an evidence and opinion-based weight management module for Indian postpartum women to be used by clinicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were accessed to extract relevant studies to derive evidence-based information. The reference list of the extracted studies was also checked to obtain further relevant articles. The opinion-based information was achieved from the consensus among the gynaecologists, nutritionists and doctors from Medicine according to their practical experiences in real time. In this review, we have used the term "postpartum" to represent the time period of two years after delivery. RESULTS A postpartum weight management module consisting of information about diet, physical activity, sleep and breastfeeding was devised to be used in regular clinical practice, particularly in the Indian settings. CONCLUSION Postpartum women deal with various unique challenges as compared to other population groups. Individualised weight management strategies should be adopted to facilitate sustainable postpartum weight management.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Background and aims The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's ... more Background and aims The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's knowledge and attitude regarding the vaccination program. Higher vaccine acceptance can be ensured by strengthening the facilitators and limiting the barriers being observed among the general population. Material and methods Indexed study is a cross-sectional web-based survey using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess knowledge, barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programme administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. Results A total of 1294 responses (age: 38.02 ± 13.34) were collected. Most of the participants had limited knowledge regarding the eligibility of vaccines in vulnerable population groups such as people with allergies (57.89%) and immune-compromised patients (62.98%), pregnant and lactating women (41.89%) and patients with chronic illness (34.78%). Older participants (>45 years) were more willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.001) as they believed the vaccine is not harmful and considered it as societal responsibility. Younger participants (<45 years) and those residing in urban settings raised concerns on the availability of the vaccine and authenticity of the vaccine (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a scope for improvement in people's knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine and the vaccination programme by addressing the barriers and facilitators which can improve the participants' turnover at vaccination centres.
Obesity is a commonly encountered health-care problem that is an independent risk factor for chro... more Obesity is a commonly encountered health-care problem that is an independent risk factor for chronic metabolic complications. Primary care physicians are the first point of contact in the management of obesity. Weight management is a step-wise intensification of interventions that initiates with lifestyle modification. Dietary and physical activity advices are integral components of all weight loss consultations and should ideally be imparted by a dietician or a nutritionist. In case of their nonavailability, the onus for lifestyle counseling rests with the physician. The prescription for a low-calorie diet coupled with increased physical activity might seem simple, but the success lies in compliance and sustainability of this advice. Compliance can be enhanced through patient-specific diet and activity plans along with corrections in eating and activity behavior. Barriers in patient's environment must also be addressed to achieve sustainable weight loss. This review covers practical insights in standard lifestyle management techniques, which can help the physicians to set better weight loss goals, adapt to patient specific lifestyle counseling, and apply strategies to enhance compliance for sustained weight loss.
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) incapacitates nearly 3.5 million Indians and can result in... more BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) incapacitates nearly 3.5 million Indians and can result in a host of physical, cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural problems. Neuropsychological rehabilitation (NR) aids in amelioration of these deficits. As people with low literacy levels represent a significant proportion of the world, specific cognitive rehabilitation modules for such populations are indispensable. A standardised, economical NR intervention may assist in faster recovery.MethodsThe study was initiated after obtaining institute ethics approval and the Clinical Trials Registry – India clearance. A 6-week indigenised literacy-free NR intervention Rehabilitation of Eclectic Cognitive Functioning post Traumatic Brain Injury to Retrain and Restore Attention, Concentration, Memory and Executive Functions (RETRACE) was developed. This intervention targeted areas of memory, attention and concentration, executive functioning, and response inhibition. It was standardised on 50 h...
Menopause has been identified as a high-risk stage for weight gain in a woman's lifecycle. Me... more Menopause has been identified as a high-risk stage for weight gain in a woman's lifecycle. Menopause-related weight gain is a consequence of low circulating estrogen levels due to progressive loss of ovarian function. Moreover, the changes in the hormonal milieu, chronological aging, decline in physical activity coupled with westernized dietary pattern, and recurrent emotional eating episodes associated with psychological distress also contribute to the increase in total body fat and waist circumference. Higher waist circumference is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease in menopausal women. These obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors and menopausal symptoms can be effectively managed by achieving clinically significant weight loss through lifestyle modification. Behavioral lifestyle intervention uses behavioral techniques for counseling corrective dietary and physical activity practices in achieving sustainable weight loss outcomes. Majority of menopausal women seek this counseling from gynecologist, especially in primary care settings due to nonavailability of multidisciplinary teams. Thus, the aim of the review is to understand the menopause-obesity link, associated risk factors, and its health-related burden in perimenopausal women to devise a practical women-centric weight management module based on lifestyle modification techniques to address the burden of menopausal obesity in regular gynecological practice.
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