The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary... more The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore...
Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Paki... more Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Pakistan. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from registered TB patients in two Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) Hospitals, Jalalpur Pir Wala and Shujabad in district Multan from November 2018 to June 2019. Asample of 250 TB patients was selected (125 from each hospital) through convenient sampling technique. By using SPSS 25, bivariate analysis was applied to see the association between variables. Results: TB was very common among the poor people and was the eventual sign of death for the people who had not sufficient income, as 88.2% belonged to the poor economic status. Conclusion: TB is spreading rapidly due to low standard hospital on the basis of poor economic condition, insufficient income for treatment affordability, more dependent family members, unhealthy working environment, crowded sort of business and unaffordable medical expenses. Keywords: Tuberculosis, economic factors, communicable disease.
The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their familie... more The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their families in rural areas of district Multan, Pakistan. It was a qualitative research conducted from February to September 2018. The data was collected through In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with 30 TB patients (aged ≥ 16 years) using an open-ended interview guide and five focus group discussions with the medical personnel who were dealing with TB. Thematic analysis was carried out to analyze data. The study resulted in the majority of TB patients and their family members being illiterate or less educated. Being unfamiliar with TB, its prevention, and treatment protocol, the majority of respondents were under great stress. They were facing various socioeconomic issues like deaths, denial in marriage proposals,divorce/separation, hatred, social isolation, social stigma, and increased economic burden due to long treatment duration. To resolve this life-threatening issue, awareness was found inevitable.
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2021
ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic con... more ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic control in older Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Multan, Pakistan. Data were collected from respondents registered in the Diabetic Clinic of Nishtar College and Hospital Multan from October 2018 to November 2018 through a self-administrative questionnaire. The simple random sample method was used, and a total of 154 Type 2 patients were selected randomly. The inclusion criteria were (a) respondents having Type 2 diabetes at least 6 months prior; (b) respondents being 60 years of age or above; (c) respondents registered in hospital diabetic clinic and (d) respondents belonging to low-income families having monthly income less than PKR 15000. The exclusion criteria were respondents having any physical disability and being dependent on others in physical movement and Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Descriptive and simple binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data through SPSS. The results of the study showed that mean glycemic control of respondents was (HbA1c, 8.47%), and only 48 (31.2%) respondents had better glycemic control. The respondent’s level of education, Body Mass Index, hypertension, comorbidities, knowledge about diabetes and self-care behaviors (exercise, monitor glucose, medicine adherence, and diet plan) were significantly associated with glycemic level (P < .05). Bivariate logistic regression showed respondents, who performed self-care behaviors (to exercise daily 30 minutes, to monitor glucose two times in a week, regular medicine adherence, and to manage diet plan daily) had better glycemic control. The study concluded that few older Type 2 patients managed their better glycemic control in low economic status. The doctors and educationists must provide Type 2 self-care guidelines to older patients so that they may manage their glycemic control better and reduce the diabetes-related complications and treatment costs in Pakistan.
Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to ... more Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However, the adoption of cryptocurrency remains low among stakeholders, including e-retailers. Thus, the current work explores the intentions of e-retailers in the Asia and Pacific region to adopt cryptocurrencies. This study considers the TAM-based SOR, with a combination of non-cognitive attributes (compatibility and convenience) proposed as stimuli for e-retailers to adopt the examined cryptocurrencies. The findings indicate that the proposed non-cognitive attributes are critical in determining e-retailers’ technostress (emotional state). Moreover, it was found that technostress among e-retailers profoundly impacts their intentions to adopt cryptocurrency in business settings. Meanwhile, regulatory support communication can be used to help regulatory bod...
OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) pra... more OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) practices in tertiary care hospitals of Multan, Pakistan STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health (CH & ICH), Multan, and Nishtar Medical College Hospital (NMCH), Multan from June 10, 2015 to August 10, 2015. METHODOLOGY: The population comprised of head nurses and charge nurses of the two participating hospitals. The data collected on variables such as age, hours spend on direct patient care, and nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence based nursing which was assessed by asking a set of 17 statements on five point Likert type scale i.e., (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= neither agree nor disagree, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree). RESULTS: Most of the nurses reported that EBN helps them make decisions about patient care (Mean = 4.20, SD= .775), it improves the quality of patient ...
The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Ser... more The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Service Rescue 1122 among general community. A total number of 600 respondents including both males and females from six towns of Multan District participated in this study through convenient sampling. Structured interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection from respondents. A 5-point likert type scale very satisfied=1; somewhat satisfied=2; Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied=3; somewhat Dissatisfied=4; Dissatisfied=5 was used to gather responses from the general public. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data in frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The data was analyzed through Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24 version. Results indicated that majority 95% of the respondent swereaware about the services of Punjab emergency rescue 1122. Mostly 75% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with the services pro...
a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Ema... more a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com b Associate Professor (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk c M.Phil. Scholar (Texla Institute of Asian Civilization), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad Email: ashas.soomro@gmail.com d Visiting Lecturer (Department of Anthropology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan shakirmalik.anthro@gmail.com
Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 2018
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, ... more The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and Big-five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness) among the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total number of 281 students from different faculties (Natural and social sciences) were selected through systematic sampling technique and the respondents responded to parenting authority questionnaire (PAQ) by Buri (1991) and Big-five inventory (BFI) john and Srivastava (1999). Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 version, and Pearson correlation (r=0.01) was applied to find out the relationship, direction and consistency between predictor and criterion variable. Results indicated a directly proportional relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative & permissive) and big five personality traits.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents re... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patients and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Four Thalassemic Centers (i) Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (ii) Fatimid Foundation Multan (iii) Amna Blood Foundation (iv) Minhajul Quran Multan. Period: January-2013 to June-2013. Methods: A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview schedule was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two experts of the Sociology Department and two Senio...
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' f... more The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' families in Pakistan; to describe the awareness among the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Population of the study was parents of Thalassemia major children, visited for blood transfusions at the Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centers of The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan, Minhaj ul Quran, Amina Blood Foundation, Fatimid Blood Foundation Multan. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. A structured interview was conducted for data collection. Interview...
The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university ... more The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was carried out at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Nishtar Medical University Multan, Pakistan. The data was collected from 300 medical and 300 non medical students with the help of convenient sampling. Close ended questionnaire were developed for the data collection. Of the 600 respondents 300 were medical while 300 were non medical students. There were 169(28.2%) male and 431(71.8%) were females. Majority of the respondents were Muslims 591(98.5%) while 9(1.5%) were non Muslims. The most frequent signs and symptoms that led students to involve in self medication were headache 279(46.5%), flu 102(17.0%), fever 101(16.8%), pain elsewhere 39(6.5%), anti allergies 28(4.7%), diarrhea 25(4.2%), 26(4.3%) for other reasons. Majority of the medical and non medical university students used commonly drugs, pain killer 411(68.5%), anti...
The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching professio... more The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching profession, their teaching approach and opinion regarding professional development of the teachers. The descriptive survey was carried out in the Government Girls High Schools in the District of Multan, Pakistan. A total of (N=120) participants were recruited randomly from ten girls high schools for data collection of this study. Participants were divided in two groups, on the basis of their qualification (M.Ed and B.Ed), each group having equal numbers (n=60) of participants. The comparison between the two groups of teachers were measured statistically using Independent-Samples T Test. Pre-determined significant value set for this study was 0.05. The findings of the study concluded no significant difference in the teaching methodology and teaching effectiveness of the teachers of both groups. The participants of both the groups believe that in-service teachers and professional trainings create t...
a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting L... more a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com c Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk d PhD Scholar (Statistics) Zhongtai Securities Institute for Financial Studies, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, Email: Sattarbzu@hotmail.com
Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious b... more Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious background. The objectives of the current study were to determine the socio-cultural issues of religious minorities in Southern Punjab; to know the minorities’ social condition and to examine the satisfaction of the respondents regarding government role regarding the protection of minorities. The study was conducted in two districts Rahim Yar khan and Multan of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 minority residents of districts Rahim Yar Khan and Multan through structured interview schedule. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 version. It was found that majority of the respondents were from the rural areas and illiterate and less than ten thousand rupees per month. Majority of the respondents did not own the property and face lot of socio-cultural discriminati...
STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalass... more STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalassemia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH) from 1st March 2015 to 28th July 2015. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from the 500 registered Thalassemia major patients' parents who visited Thalassemia Centre of the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH). The structured interview was used as a tool for data collection with the help of convenient sampling. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from the parents. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two senior doctors (>8 years' experience) working in the Thalassemia Centers and public health institutions. It was revised to incorporate the recommendations and improvements. Descriptive and inferential statistics were app...
The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary... more The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore...
Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Paki... more Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Pakistan. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from registered TB patients in two Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) Hospitals, Jalalpur Pir Wala and Shujabad in district Multan from November 2018 to June 2019. Asample of 250 TB patients was selected (125 from each hospital) through convenient sampling technique. By using SPSS 25, bivariate analysis was applied to see the association between variables. Results: TB was very common among the poor people and was the eventual sign of death for the people who had not sufficient income, as 88.2% belonged to the poor economic status. Conclusion: TB is spreading rapidly due to low standard hospital on the basis of poor economic condition, insufficient income for treatment affordability, more dependent family members, unhealthy working environment, crowded sort of business and unaffordable medical expenses. Keywords: Tuberculosis, economic factors, communicable disease.
The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their familie... more The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their families in rural areas of district Multan, Pakistan. It was a qualitative research conducted from February to September 2018. The data was collected through In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with 30 TB patients (aged ≥ 16 years) using an open-ended interview guide and five focus group discussions with the medical personnel who were dealing with TB. Thematic analysis was carried out to analyze data. The study resulted in the majority of TB patients and their family members being illiterate or less educated. Being unfamiliar with TB, its prevention, and treatment protocol, the majority of respondents were under great stress. They were facing various socioeconomic issues like deaths, denial in marriage proposals,divorce/separation, hatred, social isolation, social stigma, and increased economic burden due to long treatment duration. To resolve this life-threatening issue, awareness was found inevitable.
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2021
ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic con... more ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic control in older Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Multan, Pakistan. Data were collected from respondents registered in the Diabetic Clinic of Nishtar College and Hospital Multan from October 2018 to November 2018 through a self-administrative questionnaire. The simple random sample method was used, and a total of 154 Type 2 patients were selected randomly. The inclusion criteria were (a) respondents having Type 2 diabetes at least 6 months prior; (b) respondents being 60 years of age or above; (c) respondents registered in hospital diabetic clinic and (d) respondents belonging to low-income families having monthly income less than PKR 15000. The exclusion criteria were respondents having any physical disability and being dependent on others in physical movement and Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Descriptive and simple binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data through SPSS. The results of the study showed that mean glycemic control of respondents was (HbA1c, 8.47%), and only 48 (31.2%) respondents had better glycemic control. The respondent’s level of education, Body Mass Index, hypertension, comorbidities, knowledge about diabetes and self-care behaviors (exercise, monitor glucose, medicine adherence, and diet plan) were significantly associated with glycemic level (P < .05). Bivariate logistic regression showed respondents, who performed self-care behaviors (to exercise daily 30 minutes, to monitor glucose two times in a week, regular medicine adherence, and to manage diet plan daily) had better glycemic control. The study concluded that few older Type 2 patients managed their better glycemic control in low economic status. The doctors and educationists must provide Type 2 self-care guidelines to older patients so that they may manage their glycemic control better and reduce the diabetes-related complications and treatment costs in Pakistan.
Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to ... more Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However, the adoption of cryptocurrency remains low among stakeholders, including e-retailers. Thus, the current work explores the intentions of e-retailers in the Asia and Pacific region to adopt cryptocurrencies. This study considers the TAM-based SOR, with a combination of non-cognitive attributes (compatibility and convenience) proposed as stimuli for e-retailers to adopt the examined cryptocurrencies. The findings indicate that the proposed non-cognitive attributes are critical in determining e-retailers’ technostress (emotional state). Moreover, it was found that technostress among e-retailers profoundly impacts their intentions to adopt cryptocurrency in business settings. Meanwhile, regulatory support communication can be used to help regulatory bod...
OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) pra... more OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) practices in tertiary care hospitals of Multan, Pakistan STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health (CH & ICH), Multan, and Nishtar Medical College Hospital (NMCH), Multan from June 10, 2015 to August 10, 2015. METHODOLOGY: The population comprised of head nurses and charge nurses of the two participating hospitals. The data collected on variables such as age, hours spend on direct patient care, and nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence based nursing which was assessed by asking a set of 17 statements on five point Likert type scale i.e., (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= neither agree nor disagree, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree). RESULTS: Most of the nurses reported that EBN helps them make decisions about patient care (Mean = 4.20, SD= .775), it improves the quality of patient ...
The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Ser... more The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Service Rescue 1122 among general community. A total number of 600 respondents including both males and females from six towns of Multan District participated in this study through convenient sampling. Structured interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection from respondents. A 5-point likert type scale very satisfied=1; somewhat satisfied=2; Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied=3; somewhat Dissatisfied=4; Dissatisfied=5 was used to gather responses from the general public. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data in frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The data was analyzed through Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24 version. Results indicated that majority 95% of the respondent swereaware about the services of Punjab emergency rescue 1122. Mostly 75% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with the services pro...
a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Ema... more a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com b Associate Professor (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk c M.Phil. Scholar (Texla Institute of Asian Civilization), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad Email: ashas.soomro@gmail.com d Visiting Lecturer (Department of Anthropology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan shakirmalik.anthro@gmail.com
Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 2018
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, ... more The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and Big-five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness) among the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total number of 281 students from different faculties (Natural and social sciences) were selected through systematic sampling technique and the respondents responded to parenting authority questionnaire (PAQ) by Buri (1991) and Big-five inventory (BFI) john and Srivastava (1999). Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 version, and Pearson correlation (r=0.01) was applied to find out the relationship, direction and consistency between predictor and criterion variable. Results indicated a directly proportional relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative & permissive) and big five personality traits.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents re... more Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patients and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Four Thalassemic Centers (i) Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (ii) Fatimid Foundation Multan (iii) Amna Blood Foundation (iv) Minhajul Quran Multan. Period: January-2013 to June-2013. Methods: A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview schedule was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two experts of the Sociology Department and two Senio...
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' f... more The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' families in Pakistan; to describe the awareness among the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Population of the study was parents of Thalassemia major children, visited for blood transfusions at the Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centers of The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan, Minhaj ul Quran, Amina Blood Foundation, Fatimid Blood Foundation Multan. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. A structured interview was conducted for data collection. Interview...
The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university ... more The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was carried out at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Nishtar Medical University Multan, Pakistan. The data was collected from 300 medical and 300 non medical students with the help of convenient sampling. Close ended questionnaire were developed for the data collection. Of the 600 respondents 300 were medical while 300 were non medical students. There were 169(28.2%) male and 431(71.8%) were females. Majority of the respondents were Muslims 591(98.5%) while 9(1.5%) were non Muslims. The most frequent signs and symptoms that led students to involve in self medication were headache 279(46.5%), flu 102(17.0%), fever 101(16.8%), pain elsewhere 39(6.5%), anti allergies 28(4.7%), diarrhea 25(4.2%), 26(4.3%) for other reasons. Majority of the medical and non medical university students used commonly drugs, pain killer 411(68.5%), anti...
The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching professio... more The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching profession, their teaching approach and opinion regarding professional development of the teachers. The descriptive survey was carried out in the Government Girls High Schools in the District of Multan, Pakistan. A total of (N=120) participants were recruited randomly from ten girls high schools for data collection of this study. Participants were divided in two groups, on the basis of their qualification (M.Ed and B.Ed), each group having equal numbers (n=60) of participants. The comparison between the two groups of teachers were measured statistically using Independent-Samples T Test. Pre-determined significant value set for this study was 0.05. The findings of the study concluded no significant difference in the teaching methodology and teaching effectiveness of the teachers of both groups. The participants of both the groups believe that in-service teachers and professional trainings create t...
a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting L... more a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com c Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk d PhD Scholar (Statistics) Zhongtai Securities Institute for Financial Studies, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, Email: Sattarbzu@hotmail.com
Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious b... more Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious background. The objectives of the current study were to determine the socio-cultural issues of religious minorities in Southern Punjab; to know the minorities’ social condition and to examine the satisfaction of the respondents regarding government role regarding the protection of minorities. The study was conducted in two districts Rahim Yar khan and Multan of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 minority residents of districts Rahim Yar Khan and Multan through structured interview schedule. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 version. It was found that majority of the respondents were from the rural areas and illiterate and less than ten thousand rupees per month. Majority of the respondents did not own the property and face lot of socio-cultural discriminati...
STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalass... more STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalassemia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH) from 1st March 2015 to 28th July 2015. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from the 500 registered Thalassemia major patients' parents who visited Thalassemia Centre of the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH). The structured interview was used as a tool for data collection with the help of convenient sampling. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from the parents. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two senior doctors (>8 years' experience) working in the Thalassemia Centers and public health institutions. It was revised to incorporate the recommendations and improvements. Descriptive and inferential statistics were app...
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Papers by Dr.Kamran Ishfaq