Pakistan has survived the sixty two years of its life and passing through the phases of different... more Pakistan has survived the sixty two years of its life and passing through the phases of different latent and apparent crises which challenged the legitimacy of its political process. After its birth in the 20 th century Pakistan witnessed democratic and authoritarian rule which were the result and consequence of bad governance or the imbalance nature of institutional development. The ultimate option of all kinds of governments was to return to democracy but they had their own forms which were labeled as controlled to participatory forms of government. From political philosophers to political activists all have consensus over it that social contract is the way by which rule is executed and it could be prolonged if this contract is refurbished according to the needs and desires of the people. So often elections had been the source of change of incumbency of political office in Pakistan and their routine was intermittently.
Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 2021
Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of ter... more Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of terrorism faced by Pakistan. In the contemporary era, Pakistan is facing and suffering from the destructive and gravest issue of terrorism. It has become a major problem not only for the federation as well as for the citizens of Pakistan. Terrorism has made the Pakistani society, where people do not feel secure, a society that lacks a responsible system. The factors that caused terrorism are societal despotism, economic inconsistency, political uncertainty, religious dogmatism as well as foreign intervention or international stratagem. Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative method has been used in this study. Secondary sources including newspapers and research articles have been used to evaluate reasons as well as the dynamics of the phenomenon of terrorism which has severely damaged social fabric of the Pakistani society. Findings: The article has evaluated the major causes of multiple s...
The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and ... more The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and India that have been adversarial since their inception in 1947. The study has also analyzed initiatives such as
After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals a... more After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics and role of the US in it. In this regard, early voice was Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History ” which focused on political ideologies as the main unit of analysis. To him, after the end of cold war, western liberal democracy has emerged as the final form of government. While participating in this debate, Samuel P. Huntington wrote his renowned article “The Clash of Civilizations? ” in Foreign Affairs in 1993. Huntington gave an alternative interpretation about the future shape of world politics in the post- cold war era. He took difference in civilization as one of the important sources of conflicts in the world. In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations...
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been identified as a "game-changer" for Pak... more China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been identified as a "game-changer" for Pakistan. Pakistan is facing two vital issues in recent times; one, the energy crisis and second, the lack of industrial capabilities. This paper explores that how CPEC is helpful in resolving the issue of the energy crisis in Pakistan. The industrial development in Pakistan through the CPEC project is also discussed in this research. Different energy projects and special industrial economic zones initiated under CPEC are discussed in this research. The research is supported by a survey conducted from 300 students of BS and MA level from different universities of South Punjab. The research concludes that CPEC seems to be helpful in resolving the energy crisis and the development of the industrial sector. However, the pace of working on these projects is slow, and the policymakers in Pakistan need to revise their strategy to get the full benefit from CPEC.
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review, 2019
Pakistan and India have failed to establish substantial and sustained economic relations between ... more Pakistan and India have failed to establish substantial and sustained economic relations between them. Despite being neighbours, they couldn't enjoy a good volume of bilateral trade in multiple sectors. This study traces the history of bilateral trade between Pakistan and India. While identifying patterns of trade between them, the study attempts to identify barriers in bilateral trade between them like trade regimes, non-tariff barriers and other discriminatory measures. The study also makes an attempt to address the question concerning how the impediments in bilateral trade can be removed to enhance bilateral trade and economic connections. On the basis of interviews of Key Informants (KIs), this study explores the potential of bilateral trade between Pakistan and India and finds possible sectors where bilateral trade can be augmented. Lastly, this study finds possible sectors where Pakistan and India can initiate joint ventures to seek win-win approach in bilateral economic r...
The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and ... more The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and India that have been adversarial since their inception in 1947. The study has also analyzed initiatives such as The Indus Waters Treaty (1960), the Tashkent Agreement (1966), The Simla Accord (1972) and the Lahore Declaration (1999) taken by Pakistan and India to build confidence and lower the intensity of the conflict. However, Pakistan and India have still to do concrete efforts to make their relations as durable and have ability to absorb political shocks like 2008 Mumbai incident. The study portrays Pakistan-India bilateral relationship as pendulum like movement. If they have taken one step forward they have moved two steps backward. However, Pakistan-India relations are moving towards maturity. And, peace overtures like the Composite Dialogue (2004) may have significant impact upon Pakistan-India relations provided that the negotiation process is not disrupted and disconnected. The ...
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has not been emerged as an effective reg... more South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has not been emerged as an effective regional organization such as the EU and ASEAN. Despite taking several initiatives in this regard, it has not achieved the desired objectives set for at the time of its establishment. Over the thirty years it has become hostage chiefly by the Pakistan-India antagonistic relationship. On the basis of interviews of the Key Informant (KIs) this article investigates the causes for the lack of momentum of SAARC and explores the prospects for SAARC as vibrant economic group of the South Asian nations. Furthermore, the study finds that lack of implementation of SAARC declarations, conflicting issues between India and other neighbouring countries and strict SAARC visa regime are important barriers in enhancement of regional co-operation in South Asia. The article recommends that SAARC countries may enhance regional cooperation by managing bilateral conflicts particularly between Pakistan-India. The...
India and Pakistan have not yet resolved their conflicts created by the British withdrawal from t... more India and Pakistan have not yet resolved their conflicts created by the British withdrawal from the sub-continent in 1947. Efforts to normalise relations between India and Pakistan have been in progress since their inception. But, their efforts did not succeed and the region had to face horrors of war three times. After conducting their nuclear tests on May 11-13 and May 28-30, 1998 respectively, India and Pakistan have become declared nuclear powers. Now, South Asia is in a potential danger of nuclear war. There is a need for the enemy countries of the South Asian conflict to continue the normalization process. But the problem with South Asia is that the two countries India and Pakistan have not been able to build trust between themselves. Due to lack of their own will, the world has not seen any breakthrough in the process of dialogue between India and Pakistan. Peace is an urgent matter which requires the leaders and masses of both countries to reverse the downward slide that has...
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a regional economic grouping in S... more The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a regional economic grouping in South Asia has not emerged as a viable and an efficient regional block such as the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Despite taking several initiatives in this regard, it has not achieved the desired objectives set forth at the time of its establishment. Over thirty years, it has become hostage to the Pakistan-India adversarial relationship. Through interviews with key informants (KIs), this article investigates the causes for the lack of momentum of SAARC and explores how ASEAN's path might offer lessons for SAARC. Adopting qualitative methods and content analysis this research finds the dominance of the Pakistan-India conflictual relationship as the key reason for the relative weakness of the SAARC. Moreover, the lack of implementation of SAARC declarations, conflicting issues between India and other neighbouring countries and the strict SAARC visa regime are important barriers to the enhancement of regional cooperation in South Asia. The article recommends that SAARC countries follow the ASEAN model and focus on the augmentation of regional cooperation while managing bilateral conflicts between them. In this regard, Pakistan and India, being the largest economies in South Asia, should also perform a role in enhancing bilateral economic cooperation to avoid the potential for bilateral conflict. The article also finds that bilateral economic cooperation between Pakistan and India has a spillover effect on the enhancement of regional economic cooperation in South Asia.
This paper analyzes the bilateral ties of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing over four decades in the political... more This paper analyzes the bilateral ties of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing over four decades in the political, economic and socio-cultural fields. Firstly, the paper discusses the historical background of Malaysia-China informal relations from the Kingdom of Malacca; the British era; the early stages of Malaysia's independence; as well as the Cold War era. Secondly, the paper examines the beginnings of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing diplomatic relations from 1974 until the demise of the Malayan Communist Party in 1989. Thirdly, this is followed by an examination of bilateral developments between 1990 and 2008. The section analyzes the extent to which the principle of openness in Malaysian foreign policies was followed, cooperation within the framework of regionalism as well as how the rise of China's economic power has had a positive impact on bilateral relations. More significantly, the paper then extends the discussion to Malaysia-China relations under Mohd Najib Abdul Razak which began in 2008 and ended with the advent of the new government of Pakatan Harapan in Malaysia in May 2018. Presently, Malaysia's foreign policy towards China is facing a revamp under Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s leadership. Yet the paper argues that the current government’s action enhances comprehensive cooperation, particularly in the political and economic spheres.
The concept of Track Two Diplomacy for conflict resolution in bilateral relations is quite an old... more The concept of Track Two Diplomacy for conflict resolution in bilateral relations is quite an old phenomenon. This study is focused to investigate what initiatives, within the framework of Track Two Diplomacy, were taken by Pakistan and India for the resolution of their bilateral conflict and enhancement of confidence building between them. The individuals, former government officials, technical experts, defence and strategic analysts took several initiatives to bring the people of the two countries closer by promoting people-to-people contacts. The role played by Pakistan India Peoples Forum for Peace and Democracy (PIPFPD) in the sphere of Track Two Diplomacy has also been carefully examined in this study. This study finds that the civil societies in developing countries of Asia like Pakistan and India have not still achieved awareness and consciousness to the tune of their counterparts in the western world, nevertheless the civil society in these two countries has uninterruptedly made attempts to pave the way for conflict resolution and has marked several suitable measures towards the process of confidence building between their respective countries. Lastly, this study attempts to analyze the hawkish role of the print media with special reference to the Lahore peace process of 1999 when the Indian Prime Minister AtalBihari Vajpayee visited Pakistan. The study concludes that there exists a “mind-curtain” between Pakistan and India which should be removed. People-to-people contacts between Pakistan and India should be acknowledged as a sine qua non for an enhanced peaceful relationship between them.
After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals a... more After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics and role of the US in it. In this regard, early voice was Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History” which focused on political ideologies as the main unit of analysis. To him, after the end of cold war, western liberal democracy has emerged as the final form of government. While participating in this debate, Samuel P. Huntington wrote his renowned article “The Clash of Civilizations?” in Foreign Affairs in 1993. Huntington gave an alternative interpretation about the future shape of world politics in the post- cold war era. He took difference in civilization as one of the important sources of conflicts in the world. In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations?” ; academic strengths and weak points in “The Clash of Civilizations?”. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” has also been analysed in this context of emerging contemporary international political system. To conclude, Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” was an alternative interpretation of the possible emergence of international political system. It was a response to liberals among US policy circles who were viewing liberal democracy as final form of government. While taking civilization as unit of analysis, Huntington attempted to explain emerging structure of international politics and American role in it. However, Huntington is futuristic in his approach.
Pakistan-India conflict, complex in nature, has its long history. From difference of ideologies a... more Pakistan-India conflict, complex in nature, has its long history. From difference of ideologies and religions, enormous violence and killings during massive migration of masses at the time of partition of the sub-continent in 1947 and division of assets are some important irritants. The Jammu and Kashmir di spute , Siachin glacier dispute, Sir Creek and the Wullar Barrage/Tulbul Navigation Project are additional irritants that have intensified the Pakistan-India conflict. Pakistan-India bilateral relations have hostage by these conflicting issues. The current research looks at conflictual nature of Pakistan-India relationship while explaining the Pakistan-India conflict through the lenses of IR theory. The study has traced origin of the territorial issues like Siachin Glacier Dispute, Sir Creek and the Wullar Barrage. The study has attempted to investigate prospects for solution of these disputes. This research has also probed initiatives such as the Tashkent Agreement (1966), The Simla Accord (1972) and the Lahore Declaration (1999) to enhance confidence and de-escalate the conflict between Pakistan and India. The primary objective of this research is to analyse the prospects for sustained peace through constructive dialogue and suggesting win-win solution for the arch rival neighbours fortified with nuclear weapons in poverty-stricken South Asia.
Pakistan has survived the sixty two years of its life and passing through the phases of different... more Pakistan has survived the sixty two years of its life and passing through the phases of different latent and apparent crises which challenged the legitimacy of its political process. After its birth in the 20 th century Pakistan witnessed democratic and authoritarian rule which were the result and consequence of bad governance or the imbalance nature of institutional development. The ultimate option of all kinds of governments was to return to democracy but they had their own forms which were labeled as controlled to participatory forms of government. From political philosophers to political activists all have consensus over it that social contract is the way by which rule is executed and it could be prolonged if this contract is refurbished according to the needs and desires of the people. So often elections had been the source of change of incumbency of political office in Pakistan and their routine was intermittently.
Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 2021
Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of ter... more Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of terrorism faced by Pakistan. In the contemporary era, Pakistan is facing and suffering from the destructive and gravest issue of terrorism. It has become a major problem not only for the federation as well as for the citizens of Pakistan. Terrorism has made the Pakistani society, where people do not feel secure, a society that lacks a responsible system. The factors that caused terrorism are societal despotism, economic inconsistency, political uncertainty, religious dogmatism as well as foreign intervention or international stratagem. Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative method has been used in this study. Secondary sources including newspapers and research articles have been used to evaluate reasons as well as the dynamics of the phenomenon of terrorism which has severely damaged social fabric of the Pakistani society. Findings: The article has evaluated the major causes of multiple s...
The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and ... more The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and India that have been adversarial since their inception in 1947. The study has also analyzed initiatives such as
After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals a... more After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics and role of the US in it. In this regard, early voice was Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History ” which focused on political ideologies as the main unit of analysis. To him, after the end of cold war, western liberal democracy has emerged as the final form of government. While participating in this debate, Samuel P. Huntington wrote his renowned article “The Clash of Civilizations? ” in Foreign Affairs in 1993. Huntington gave an alternative interpretation about the future shape of world politics in the post- cold war era. He took difference in civilization as one of the important sources of conflicts in the world. In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations...
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been identified as a "game-changer" for Pak... more China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been identified as a "game-changer" for Pakistan. Pakistan is facing two vital issues in recent times; one, the energy crisis and second, the lack of industrial capabilities. This paper explores that how CPEC is helpful in resolving the issue of the energy crisis in Pakistan. The industrial development in Pakistan through the CPEC project is also discussed in this research. Different energy projects and special industrial economic zones initiated under CPEC are discussed in this research. The research is supported by a survey conducted from 300 students of BS and MA level from different universities of South Punjab. The research concludes that CPEC seems to be helpful in resolving the energy crisis and the development of the industrial sector. However, the pace of working on these projects is slow, and the policymakers in Pakistan need to revise their strategy to get the full benefit from CPEC.
Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review, 2019
Pakistan and India have failed to establish substantial and sustained economic relations between ... more Pakistan and India have failed to establish substantial and sustained economic relations between them. Despite being neighbours, they couldn't enjoy a good volume of bilateral trade in multiple sectors. This study traces the history of bilateral trade between Pakistan and India. While identifying patterns of trade between them, the study attempts to identify barriers in bilateral trade between them like trade regimes, non-tariff barriers and other discriminatory measures. The study also makes an attempt to address the question concerning how the impediments in bilateral trade can be removed to enhance bilateral trade and economic connections. On the basis of interviews of Key Informants (KIs), this study explores the potential of bilateral trade between Pakistan and India and finds possible sectors where bilateral trade can be augmented. Lastly, this study finds possible sectors where Pakistan and India can initiate joint ventures to seek win-win approach in bilateral economic r...
The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and ... more The current research presents an overview of history of bilateral relations between Pakistan and India that have been adversarial since their inception in 1947. The study has also analyzed initiatives such as The Indus Waters Treaty (1960), the Tashkent Agreement (1966), The Simla Accord (1972) and the Lahore Declaration (1999) taken by Pakistan and India to build confidence and lower the intensity of the conflict. However, Pakistan and India have still to do concrete efforts to make their relations as durable and have ability to absorb political shocks like 2008 Mumbai incident. The study portrays Pakistan-India bilateral relationship as pendulum like movement. If they have taken one step forward they have moved two steps backward. However, Pakistan-India relations are moving towards maturity. And, peace overtures like the Composite Dialogue (2004) may have significant impact upon Pakistan-India relations provided that the negotiation process is not disrupted and disconnected. The ...
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has not been emerged as an effective reg... more South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has not been emerged as an effective regional organization such as the EU and ASEAN. Despite taking several initiatives in this regard, it has not achieved the desired objectives set for at the time of its establishment. Over the thirty years it has become hostage chiefly by the Pakistan-India antagonistic relationship. On the basis of interviews of the Key Informant (KIs) this article investigates the causes for the lack of momentum of SAARC and explores the prospects for SAARC as vibrant economic group of the South Asian nations. Furthermore, the study finds that lack of implementation of SAARC declarations, conflicting issues between India and other neighbouring countries and strict SAARC visa regime are important barriers in enhancement of regional co-operation in South Asia. The article recommends that SAARC countries may enhance regional cooperation by managing bilateral conflicts particularly between Pakistan-India. The...
India and Pakistan have not yet resolved their conflicts created by the British withdrawal from t... more India and Pakistan have not yet resolved their conflicts created by the British withdrawal from the sub-continent in 1947. Efforts to normalise relations between India and Pakistan have been in progress since their inception. But, their efforts did not succeed and the region had to face horrors of war three times. After conducting their nuclear tests on May 11-13 and May 28-30, 1998 respectively, India and Pakistan have become declared nuclear powers. Now, South Asia is in a potential danger of nuclear war. There is a need for the enemy countries of the South Asian conflict to continue the normalization process. But the problem with South Asia is that the two countries India and Pakistan have not been able to build trust between themselves. Due to lack of their own will, the world has not seen any breakthrough in the process of dialogue between India and Pakistan. Peace is an urgent matter which requires the leaders and masses of both countries to reverse the downward slide that has...
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a regional economic grouping in S... more The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a regional economic grouping in South Asia has not emerged as a viable and an efficient regional block such as the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Despite taking several initiatives in this regard, it has not achieved the desired objectives set forth at the time of its establishment. Over thirty years, it has become hostage to the Pakistan-India adversarial relationship. Through interviews with key informants (KIs), this article investigates the causes for the lack of momentum of SAARC and explores how ASEAN's path might offer lessons for SAARC. Adopting qualitative methods and content analysis this research finds the dominance of the Pakistan-India conflictual relationship as the key reason for the relative weakness of the SAARC. Moreover, the lack of implementation of SAARC declarations, conflicting issues between India and other neighbouring countries and the strict SAARC visa regime are important barriers to the enhancement of regional cooperation in South Asia. The article recommends that SAARC countries follow the ASEAN model and focus on the augmentation of regional cooperation while managing bilateral conflicts between them. In this regard, Pakistan and India, being the largest economies in South Asia, should also perform a role in enhancing bilateral economic cooperation to avoid the potential for bilateral conflict. The article also finds that bilateral economic cooperation between Pakistan and India has a spillover effect on the enhancement of regional economic cooperation in South Asia.
This paper analyzes the bilateral ties of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing over four decades in the political... more This paper analyzes the bilateral ties of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing over four decades in the political, economic and socio-cultural fields. Firstly, the paper discusses the historical background of Malaysia-China informal relations from the Kingdom of Malacca; the British era; the early stages of Malaysia's independence; as well as the Cold War era. Secondly, the paper examines the beginnings of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing diplomatic relations from 1974 until the demise of the Malayan Communist Party in 1989. Thirdly, this is followed by an examination of bilateral developments between 1990 and 2008. The section analyzes the extent to which the principle of openness in Malaysian foreign policies was followed, cooperation within the framework of regionalism as well as how the rise of China's economic power has had a positive impact on bilateral relations. More significantly, the paper then extends the discussion to Malaysia-China relations under Mohd Najib Abdul Razak which began in 2008 and ended with the advent of the new government of Pakatan Harapan in Malaysia in May 2018. Presently, Malaysia's foreign policy towards China is facing a revamp under Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s leadership. Yet the paper argues that the current government’s action enhances comprehensive cooperation, particularly in the political and economic spheres.
The concept of Track Two Diplomacy for conflict resolution in bilateral relations is quite an old... more The concept of Track Two Diplomacy for conflict resolution in bilateral relations is quite an old phenomenon. This study is focused to investigate what initiatives, within the framework of Track Two Diplomacy, were taken by Pakistan and India for the resolution of their bilateral conflict and enhancement of confidence building between them. The individuals, former government officials, technical experts, defence and strategic analysts took several initiatives to bring the people of the two countries closer by promoting people-to-people contacts. The role played by Pakistan India Peoples Forum for Peace and Democracy (PIPFPD) in the sphere of Track Two Diplomacy has also been carefully examined in this study. This study finds that the civil societies in developing countries of Asia like Pakistan and India have not still achieved awareness and consciousness to the tune of their counterparts in the western world, nevertheless the civil society in these two countries has uninterruptedly made attempts to pave the way for conflict resolution and has marked several suitable measures towards the process of confidence building between their respective countries. Lastly, this study attempts to analyze the hawkish role of the print media with special reference to the Lahore peace process of 1999 when the Indian Prime Minister AtalBihari Vajpayee visited Pakistan. The study concludes that there exists a “mind-curtain” between Pakistan and India which should be removed. People-to-people contacts between Pakistan and India should be acknowledged as a sine qua non for an enhanced peaceful relationship between them.
After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals a... more After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics and role of the US in it. In this regard, early voice was Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History” which focused on political ideologies as the main unit of analysis. To him, after the end of cold war, western liberal democracy has emerged as the final form of government. While participating in this debate, Samuel P. Huntington wrote his renowned article “The Clash of Civilizations?” in Foreign Affairs in 1993. Huntington gave an alternative interpretation about the future shape of world politics in the post- cold war era. He took difference in civilization as one of the important sources of conflicts in the world. In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations?” ; academic strengths and weak points in “The Clash of Civilizations?”. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” has also been analysed in this context of emerging contemporary international political system. To conclude, Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” was an alternative interpretation of the possible emergence of international political system. It was a response to liberals among US policy circles who were viewing liberal democracy as final form of government. While taking civilization as unit of analysis, Huntington attempted to explain emerging structure of international politics and American role in it. However, Huntington is futuristic in his approach.
Pakistan-India conflict, complex in nature, has its long history. From difference of ideologies a... more Pakistan-India conflict, complex in nature, has its long history. From difference of ideologies and religions, enormous violence and killings during massive migration of masses at the time of partition of the sub-continent in 1947 and division of assets are some important irritants. The Jammu and Kashmir di spute , Siachin glacier dispute, Sir Creek and the Wullar Barrage/Tulbul Navigation Project are additional irritants that have intensified the Pakistan-India conflict. Pakistan-India bilateral relations have hostage by these conflicting issues. The current research looks at conflictual nature of Pakistan-India relationship while explaining the Pakistan-India conflict through the lenses of IR theory. The study has traced origin of the territorial issues like Siachin Glacier Dispute, Sir Creek and the Wullar Barrage. The study has attempted to investigate prospects for solution of these disputes. This research has also probed initiatives such as the Tashkent Agreement (1966), The Simla Accord (1972) and the Lahore Declaration (1999) to enhance confidence and de-escalate the conflict between Pakistan and India. The primary objective of this research is to analyse the prospects for sustained peace through constructive dialogue and suggesting win-win solution for the arch rival neighbours fortified with nuclear weapons in poverty-stricken South Asia.
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Papers by Tahir Ashraf
In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations?” ; academic strengths and weak points in “The Clash of Civilizations?”. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” has also been analysed in this context of emerging contemporary international political system.
To conclude, Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” was an alternative interpretation of the possible emergence of international political system. It was a response to liberals among US policy circles who were viewing liberal democracy as final form of government. While taking civilization as unit of analysis, Huntington attempted to explain emerging structure of international politics and American role in it. However, Huntington is futuristic in his approach.
Book Reviews by Tahir Ashraf
In this article three important issues regarding Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations? have been addressed. These issues include conceptual strengths of Huntington’s thesis “The Clash of Civilizations?” ; academic strengths and weak points in “The Clash of Civilizations?”. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” has also been analysed in this context of emerging contemporary international political system.
To conclude, Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” was an alternative interpretation of the possible emergence of international political system. It was a response to liberals among US policy circles who were viewing liberal democracy as final form of government. While taking civilization as unit of analysis, Huntington attempted to explain emerging structure of international politics and American role in it. However, Huntington is futuristic in his approach.