T HE STUDY is undertaken on thirteen profiles representing the main four dry valleys which lie on... more T HE STUDY is undertaken on thirteen profiles representing the main four dry valleys which lie on the eastern side of the Nile valley between Ghamaza El-Kobra and Kafr-Halawa, Giza. The obtained results indicate that opaque minerals, straulite and hornblend are the most abundant followed by zircon, biotite, garnet and monazite. The distribution of heavy minerals varied throughout soil profiles as well as their respective horizons. The weathering ratios among resistant minerals reveal that these soils are derived on stratified parent materials and exhibits geogenetic relations rather than pedogenetic ones. It is concluded that the soils of the investigated dry valleys were formed through alternative deposition of the eroded materials by water and wind actions.
Four clay alluvial profiles representing Vertic Torrlftuvents in Egypt and having differe'nt ... more Four clay alluvial profiles representing Vertic Torrlftuvents in Egypt and having differe'nt durations of subsurface \ drainage were chosen. They located at El-Ambabe (20 years)] Ashleem (11 years), Minyet Toukh (7 years) and Shierieshra (4 years). Soil profiles were sampled In three axis (i.e.vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions) starting from the drainpipe. in order to study their salinity status. Data showed that 90% of the initial Total Soluble Salts (TSS) was removed through 20 years, while 50% was removed through 7 years of Iand drainage. The spatia'l distribution of TSS in the profiles showed that the extent. to which ; salts are removed from the toposoil is proportional to the duration of subsurface drainage. Zones of salt accumulation were observed around the drain pipe, especially in the most recent drained soil. A highly significant correlation was found between salt content inside and outside the drain pipe (r:=O.89"). The spatial distribution of sol...
LARGE amounts of industrial liquid wastes are discharged into the irrigation canals or the Nile s... more LARGE amounts of industrial liquid wastes are discharged into the irrigation canals or the Nile stream at the industrial area of Helwan, Industrial liquid wastes as well as 23 samples taker from different water courses at different distances from the pollution sources were analyzed for soluble heavy metals, suspended matter and salts. The data showed that the liquid wastes discharged by the industrial complex at Helwan contain high amounts of heavy metals mainly Fe, Mn, and Zn and high concentration of soluble salts. The dumping of these industrial wastes into EI-Hager and EI-Khashab canals resulted in polluting their waters with suspended matter and dissolved constituents to about 1.5 km Southward the industrial complex. The concentration of heavy metals in EI-Hager and EI-Kashab canals were much higher than that in the Nile water by about 4 to 7 times. In addition, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn in the Nile water at Helwan segment were found to be 4 times their normal concen...
A N INCUBATION^periment in which four different manures; mixed composted manure (MCM), composted ... more A N INCUBATION^periment in which four different manures; mixed composted manure (MCM), composted chicken manure (CCM), composted crop residues (CCR) and composted town refuses (CTR), common in the Egyptian market were mixed with sulphur to study the effect of sulphur on nitrogen transformation. A control experiment was conducted in which the same manures were used without sulphur. The ammonium and nitrates released as functions of time were followed. A kinetic analysis of the results of the experiment was done. To justify the caiculated ammonification and nitrification first order rate constants, Mn was used as a tracer, since it is not susceptible to any losses. The results reveal that sulphur has a significant effect in increasing the value of the ammonification first order rate reaction constant (kj) for the MCM, CTR, and CCM. The ammonification first order reaction rate constant were 0.289 month"', 0.096 month' 1 for MCM+S versus MCM respectively, 0.52 month- 1 , 0....
Egypt is a country that foresees to face severe effects owing to climate change. Soil may conside... more Egypt is a country that foresees to face severe effects owing to climate change. Soil may consider an important source of greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides). The drivers of soil GHG emissions are soil type and composition (i.e. soil texture, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), etc.), soil temperature, moisture, fertilization, soil miss-management (Tillage), rice cultivation and burning of Crop residues. Soil also considered as a victim of climate change. Global warming may induce, depletion of soil organic matter that causes the decline of soil fertility, poor soil water regime, shifting of soil microbiome and soil compaction (i.e. Increase soil compaction, surface sealing and crust formation). Global warming induces also sea level rise (SLR) on soils of Egypt which increase the area of submerged lands in northern Nile Delta and consequently soil salinization. With climate change, more frequent extreme precipitation and drought events are projected...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils w... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils with heavy metals and characterize the most resistant isolates. Three soil samples were collected from different soil types such as clay alluvial (FFS), calcareous (WNS) and sewage farm (ARS) soils. Four heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) under various concentrations and their effect on soil properties were investigated. The data showed that Alluvial and Wadi-Natrun soils had the highest values of maximum adsorption and fixation capacity of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni metals. The highest counts of fungi were recorded in the calcareous soil and alluvial one treated with Ni. Twenty isolates were obtained from counted plates in the highest heavy metals concentrations. These isolates were screened on solid and liquid media enriched with increasing of tested heavy metals concentrations. Isolates No. FM01 and FM14 were the most tolerant for the highest concentrations of the applied Zn, Pb and Cd. Using of ...
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils w... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils with heavy metals and characterize the most resistant isolates. Three soil samples were collected from different soil types such as clay alluvial (FFS), calcareous (WNS) and sewage farm (ARS) soils. Four heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) under various concentrations and their effect on soil properties were investigated. The data showed that Alluvial and Wadi-Natrun soils had the highest values of maximum adsorption and fixation capacity of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni metals. The highest counts of fungi were recorded in the calcareous soil and alluvial one treated with Ni. Twenty isolates were obtained from counted plates in the highest heavy metals concentrations. These isolates were screened on solid and liquid media enriched with increasing of tested heavy metals concentrations. Isolates No. FM01 and FM14 were the most tolerant for the highest concentrations of the applied Zn, Pb and Cd. Using of ...
TRANSM ISSION electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy ISEM) and X-ray diffraction... more TRANSM ISSION electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy ISEM) and X-ray diffraction were used to study the clay mineralogy of the purple-red soils of Kharga Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. The investigated soil was non-calcareous, rich in free iron oxides and its structure was unstable in moist condition after irrigation application. Data reveal that attapulgite mineral predominates the mineralogical composition of the purple-red soil and its fine clay fraction (< 1 p) followcd by moderate amounta of illite. Thc proportion of illite was relatively increased in the subsoil layer. Quartz was not detected in fine clay fractions. The presence of attapulgite in such non-calcareous soils is discussed from the pedogenic point of view. Attapulgite has been detected in certain soils of Egypt. Its presence is recorded mainly in calcareous soils, especially those of marine and soils (El-Gabaly and Khadr, 1962; El-Kady et al., 1972; and Abdel-Aal et al., (1977). Probably ...
SOIL samples collected from five newly reclaimed areas; (namely; Al-Hamoul, Bern-Suer, Maryuit. A... more SOIL samples collected from five newly reclaimed areas; (namely; Al-Hamoul, Bern-Suer, Maryuit. AI-Arililh and Al-Salhia) were intensively cropped with alfalfa in a green-house experiment for twelve months. The obtained results show that the highest rates of K-uptake are found in the alluvial soils (I,e, AI-Hamoul and Beni-Suef) and the lowest in AI-Arish sandy loam soils. The contribution of non-exchangeable-K to plant uptake is about 44% for alluvial soils and 20% for sandy soils. The amounts of the non-exehangeable-K, which recovered dur-ing the latter periods of intensive cropping. are significant. ly correlated to the K-hearing minerals content. (for mica, r ::::; 0.960**. and for K-feldspars, r = 0.922 • •). The biological essay reveals also that AI-Salhia and AI-Arish soils show good response. while the alluvial ones have weak response to K-fertilization. The field survey shows highly Bignificant correlations between available-K and plant-K in each of the studied soils. The f...
SURFACE soil samples were collected from seven transects with six samples in each, chosen at diff... more SURFACE soil samples were collected from seven transects with six samples in each, chosen at different distances southward the industrial complex at Helwan. The samples were analyzed for soluble salts and heavy metal contents (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd). The data indicated that the irrigation of the investi-gated soils with water polluted by industrial wastes re-sulted in an accumulation of heavy metals. There was an exceptionally higher concentration of Mn and Zn in soil beside the factories. Soil lead was seemed to be originat-ed from dustfall onto the soil surface. The concentration of Mn, Zn, and Ph in soils beside the factories were found to be 9, 7 and 16 times their concentration in normal soil, respectively. In addition, salt accumulation was also noticed beside the factories which affect the soil quality. It is concluded that the factories are the main source of soil contamination by both heavy metals and salts. So, the quality of soil resources can be seriously damaged un-...
T HE STUDY is undertaken on thirteen profiles representing the main four dry valleys which lie on... more T HE STUDY is undertaken on thirteen profiles representing the main four dry valleys which lie on the eastern side of the Nile valley between Ghamaza El-Kobra and Kafr-Halawa, Giza. The obtained results indicate that opaque minerals, straulite and hornblend are the most abundant followed by zircon, biotite, garnet and monazite. The distribution of heavy minerals varied throughout soil profiles as well as their respective horizons. The weathering ratios among resistant minerals reveal that these soils are derived on stratified parent materials and exhibits geogenetic relations rather than pedogenetic ones. It is concluded that the soils of the investigated dry valleys were formed through alternative deposition of the eroded materials by water and wind actions.
Four clay alluvial profiles representing Vertic Torrlftuvents in Egypt and having differe'nt ... more Four clay alluvial profiles representing Vertic Torrlftuvents in Egypt and having differe'nt durations of subsurface \ drainage were chosen. They located at El-Ambabe (20 years)] Ashleem (11 years), Minyet Toukh (7 years) and Shierieshra (4 years). Soil profiles were sampled In three axis (i.e.vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions) starting from the drainpipe. in order to study their salinity status. Data showed that 90% of the initial Total Soluble Salts (TSS) was removed through 20 years, while 50% was removed through 7 years of Iand drainage. The spatia'l distribution of TSS in the profiles showed that the extent. to which ; salts are removed from the toposoil is proportional to the duration of subsurface drainage. Zones of salt accumulation were observed around the drain pipe, especially in the most recent drained soil. A highly significant correlation was found between salt content inside and outside the drain pipe (r:=O.89"). The spatial distribution of sol...
LARGE amounts of industrial liquid wastes are discharged into the irrigation canals or the Nile s... more LARGE amounts of industrial liquid wastes are discharged into the irrigation canals or the Nile stream at the industrial area of Helwan, Industrial liquid wastes as well as 23 samples taker from different water courses at different distances from the pollution sources were analyzed for soluble heavy metals, suspended matter and salts. The data showed that the liquid wastes discharged by the industrial complex at Helwan contain high amounts of heavy metals mainly Fe, Mn, and Zn and high concentration of soluble salts. The dumping of these industrial wastes into EI-Hager and EI-Khashab canals resulted in polluting their waters with suspended matter and dissolved constituents to about 1.5 km Southward the industrial complex. The concentration of heavy metals in EI-Hager and EI-Kashab canals were much higher than that in the Nile water by about 4 to 7 times. In addition, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn in the Nile water at Helwan segment were found to be 4 times their normal concen...
A N INCUBATION^periment in which four different manures; mixed composted manure (MCM), composted ... more A N INCUBATION^periment in which four different manures; mixed composted manure (MCM), composted chicken manure (CCM), composted crop residues (CCR) and composted town refuses (CTR), common in the Egyptian market were mixed with sulphur to study the effect of sulphur on nitrogen transformation. A control experiment was conducted in which the same manures were used without sulphur. The ammonium and nitrates released as functions of time were followed. A kinetic analysis of the results of the experiment was done. To justify the caiculated ammonification and nitrification first order rate constants, Mn was used as a tracer, since it is not susceptible to any losses. The results reveal that sulphur has a significant effect in increasing the value of the ammonification first order rate reaction constant (kj) for the MCM, CTR, and CCM. The ammonification first order reaction rate constant were 0.289 month"', 0.096 month' 1 for MCM+S versus MCM respectively, 0.52 month- 1 , 0....
Egypt is a country that foresees to face severe effects owing to climate change. Soil may conside... more Egypt is a country that foresees to face severe effects owing to climate change. Soil may consider an important source of greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides). The drivers of soil GHG emissions are soil type and composition (i.e. soil texture, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), etc.), soil temperature, moisture, fertilization, soil miss-management (Tillage), rice cultivation and burning of Crop residues. Soil also considered as a victim of climate change. Global warming may induce, depletion of soil organic matter that causes the decline of soil fertility, poor soil water regime, shifting of soil microbiome and soil compaction (i.e. Increase soil compaction, surface sealing and crust formation). Global warming induces also sea level rise (SLR) on soils of Egypt which increase the area of submerged lands in northern Nile Delta and consequently soil salinization. With climate change, more frequent extreme precipitation and drought events are projected...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils w... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils with heavy metals and characterize the most resistant isolates. Three soil samples were collected from different soil types such as clay alluvial (FFS), calcareous (WNS) and sewage farm (ARS) soils. Four heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) under various concentrations and their effect on soil properties were investigated. The data showed that Alluvial and Wadi-Natrun soils had the highest values of maximum adsorption and fixation capacity of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni metals. The highest counts of fungi were recorded in the calcareous soil and alluvial one treated with Ni. Twenty isolates were obtained from counted plates in the highest heavy metals concentrations. These isolates were screened on solid and liquid media enriched with increasing of tested heavy metals concentrations. Isolates No. FM01 and FM14 were the most tolerant for the highest concentrations of the applied Zn, Pb and Cd. Using of ...
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils w... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of fungi in heavily contaminated soils with heavy metals and characterize the most resistant isolates. Three soil samples were collected from different soil types such as clay alluvial (FFS), calcareous (WNS) and sewage farm (ARS) soils. Four heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) under various concentrations and their effect on soil properties were investigated. The data showed that Alluvial and Wadi-Natrun soils had the highest values of maximum adsorption and fixation capacity of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni metals. The highest counts of fungi were recorded in the calcareous soil and alluvial one treated with Ni. Twenty isolates were obtained from counted plates in the highest heavy metals concentrations. These isolates were screened on solid and liquid media enriched with increasing of tested heavy metals concentrations. Isolates No. FM01 and FM14 were the most tolerant for the highest concentrations of the applied Zn, Pb and Cd. Using of ...
TRANSM ISSION electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy ISEM) and X-ray diffraction... more TRANSM ISSION electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy ISEM) and X-ray diffraction were used to study the clay mineralogy of the purple-red soils of Kharga Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. The investigated soil was non-calcareous, rich in free iron oxides and its structure was unstable in moist condition after irrigation application. Data reveal that attapulgite mineral predominates the mineralogical composition of the purple-red soil and its fine clay fraction (< 1 p) followcd by moderate amounta of illite. Thc proportion of illite was relatively increased in the subsoil layer. Quartz was not detected in fine clay fractions. The presence of attapulgite in such non-calcareous soils is discussed from the pedogenic point of view. Attapulgite has been detected in certain soils of Egypt. Its presence is recorded mainly in calcareous soils, especially those of marine and soils (El-Gabaly and Khadr, 1962; El-Kady et al., 1972; and Abdel-Aal et al., (1977). Probably ...
SOIL samples collected from five newly reclaimed areas; (namely; Al-Hamoul, Bern-Suer, Maryuit. A... more SOIL samples collected from five newly reclaimed areas; (namely; Al-Hamoul, Bern-Suer, Maryuit. AI-Arililh and Al-Salhia) were intensively cropped with alfalfa in a green-house experiment for twelve months. The obtained results show that the highest rates of K-uptake are found in the alluvial soils (I,e, AI-Hamoul and Beni-Suef) and the lowest in AI-Arish sandy loam soils. The contribution of non-exchangeable-K to plant uptake is about 44% for alluvial soils and 20% for sandy soils. The amounts of the non-exehangeable-K, which recovered dur-ing the latter periods of intensive cropping. are significant. ly correlated to the K-hearing minerals content. (for mica, r ::::; 0.960**. and for K-feldspars, r = 0.922 • •). The biological essay reveals also that AI-Salhia and AI-Arish soils show good response. while the alluvial ones have weak response to K-fertilization. The field survey shows highly Bignificant correlations between available-K and plant-K in each of the studied soils. The f...
SURFACE soil samples were collected from seven transects with six samples in each, chosen at diff... more SURFACE soil samples were collected from seven transects with six samples in each, chosen at different distances southward the industrial complex at Helwan. The samples were analyzed for soluble salts and heavy metal contents (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd). The data indicated that the irrigation of the investi-gated soils with water polluted by industrial wastes re-sulted in an accumulation of heavy metals. There was an exceptionally higher concentration of Mn and Zn in soil beside the factories. Soil lead was seemed to be originat-ed from dustfall onto the soil surface. The concentration of Mn, Zn, and Ph in soils beside the factories were found to be 9, 7 and 16 times their concentration in normal soil, respectively. In addition, salt accumulation was also noticed beside the factories which affect the soil quality. It is concluded that the factories are the main source of soil contamination by both heavy metals and salts. So, the quality of soil resources can be seriously damaged un-...
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