Taufik received his BS in Electrical Engineering with minor in Computer Science from Northern Arizona University (Cum Laude), MS in Electrical Engineering from University of Illinois Chicago, and Doctor of Engineering from Cleveland State University. He joined the Electrical Engineering department at Cal Poly State University in 1999 where he is currently a tenured Full Professor. He received numerous teaching awards, most notably the 2012 Outstanding Teaching Award from the American Society of Engineering Education - Pacific Southwest Section. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and has industry experience with several companies including Capstone Microturbine, Rockwell Automation, Picker International, San Diego Gas & Electric, APD Semiconductor, Diodes Inc., Enerpro, Renewable Power Conversion and Sempra Energy. His research specializations include power electronics, power systems, rural electrification, energy harvesting, renewable energy and smart grid. He has published over 200 technical papers and journals, reports, books, course readers, and served on the editorial review boards of several journals.
Based on fuel crossover behavior and bubble nucleation in the microfluidic fuel cell’s channel, t... more Based on fuel crossover behavior and bubble nucleation in the microfluidic fuel cell’s channel, this research numerically presents the performance of air-breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells. In the simulation, a three-dimensional microfluidic fuel cell model was used. The continuity, momentum, species transport, and charge equations were used to develop the model transport behavior, whereas the Brinkman equation represented the porous medium flow in the gas diffusion layer. The I–V and power density curves are generated using the Butler–Volmer equation. The simulation and current experimental data were compared under identical operating conditions to validate the I–V curve of the microfluidic fuel cell model. The model was used to investigate the current density distribution in the microchannel due to bubble obstruction and the reactant concentration on both electrodes. Fuel crossover resulted in a large decrease in open-circuit voltage and a reduction in fuel conce...
2021 International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2021
With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the coming decades, maximum ... more With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the coming decades, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) will be essential to optimizing power output. One underserved topic of research is inductor current ripple’s effect on MPPT algorithm performance. This study uses a boost converter topology to test the performance of constant duty cycle Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance and Constant Voltage PID algorithms. Inductor current ripple is controlled solely by changing inductance. This study concluded that all three algorithms were quite robust and affected very little over an inductor current ripple factor range of 20% to 40%. One novel finding was increased duty cycle oscillations when the MPPT update, and sample speed was faster than the boost converter response.
2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 2019
This paper presents the design and development of a USB-C Power Adapter for residential DC electr... more This paper presents the design and development of a USB-C Power Adapter for residential DC electrical system. Although USB-C is a new and emerging technology, it is well placed to become a standard for DC power delivery. The power adapter utilizes a USB Power Delivery controller to operate a two-phase synchronous buck converter to interface with an existing 48V DC House infrastructure to provide output voltages of 5, 9, 15, or 20 VDC at up to 100W. Hardware design and construction of the converter were conducted and then tested. Results from the hardware test show that the USB-C power adapter was able to achieve the desired output voltages while delivering up to 100W. At full load, the power adapter was measured at 96.27% efficiency, less than 1% output voltage ripple, and less than 2% on line and load regulations. Additionally, when connecting actual consumer devices to the system, they were charged without issue and at the proper power delivery profile.
Proceeding of International Conference on Science and Technology
In recent years there has been an outburst of interest in the use of renewable energy sources to ... more In recent years there has been an outburst of interest in the use of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These renewable energy sources are generally putting out dc power and hence some intermediate energy conversion to ac is essential for its use. Unfortunately, this much needed conversion yields not only extra cost to the system but also introduces power loss which consequently reduces system's efficiency. This DC House project aims to utilize the dc energy directly from renewable energy sources without the need for dc to ac conversion. Besides enhancing system's efficiency while reducing cost, the DC House's main use will be in locations where utility grid is out of reach or geographically inaccessible; hence, the opportunity to promote the use of renewable energy sources while providing electricity to those people who are less fortunate.
The cost benefit analysis of when to wash a solar system and how often is an important considerat... more The cost benefit analysis of when to wash a solar system and how often is an important consideration for solar PV system operators. This paper discusses two site specific methods for owners to cost effectively determine suitable timings of module washings. One method uses IV curve tracing on test panels while the other uses direct measurement of energy production on control and system panels. Through a specific California based case study it is shown that both methods can provide details that will give the operator greater confidence that the choice to clean is a cost effective decision.
This paper presents the DC house prototype for rural electrification, especially in geographicall... more This paper presents the DC house prototype for rural electrification, especially in geographically hard-to-reach areas. The DC house offers a distributed low-power low-voltage DC residential electricity rather than the legacy centralized relatively high-power high-voltage AC system. The DC house method is an individual or family-based approach to rural electrification.. This in turn yields to an alternative solution that is scalable, affordable, and flexible. Equally important is that the DC house directly runs DC loads; thus, bypassing losses associated with the traditional AC voltage system. The DC House may also utilize human-powered energy sources, making it even more sustainable in producing off-grid electricity. This research uses research and development (R & D) method. This research produces the DC house prototype with its components. The DC house has been designed to allow a maximum capacity of 600W provided by as many as two renewable energy sources (solar and wind). Sever...
Abstract: This paper details a study performed by the Irrigation Training and Research Center to ... more Abstract: This paper details a study performed by the Irrigation Training and Research Center to determine motor performances under varying speeds [induced by a variable frequency drives (VFD) controller] and loads. A further goal of the study was to provide sufficient information to designers so that they could estimate total pumping plant power usage with a VFD-controlled installation. Motors were tested with a VFD as well as across-the-Iine. On average, the relative efficiency of the electrical system with a VFD may be approximately 8 % lower than the relative efficiency of a properly designed, full-load across-the-line system. If one considers actual field operating conditions this 8 % is misleading because overall energy savings can be obtained with VFDs due to their ability to properly adjust speeds to meet actual field conditions.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010
Multiphasing of dc-dc converters has been known to give technical and economical benefits to low ... more Multiphasing of dc-dc converters has been known to give technical and economical benefits to low voltage high power buck regulator modules. A major advantage of multiphasing dc-dc converters is the improvement of input and output performances in the buck converter. From this aspect, a potential use would be in renewable energy where power quality plays an important factor. This paper presents the design of a 2-phase 200W boost converter for battery charging application. Analysis of results from hardware measurement of the boost converter demonstrates the benefits of using multiphase. Results from the hardware prototype of the 2-phase boost converter further show the potential extension of multiphase beyond its commonly used low voltage high current domains.
This paper presents the design of Proportional Integral (PI) controller with Real Time Interface ... more This paper presents the design of Proportional Integral (PI) controller with Real Time Interface (RTI) to improve the dynamic response of digitally control dc to dc boost converter. The experiments were done under several load variations. DS1103 dSPACE RTI has been used as an interface controller between hardware and software by using MATLAB/Simulink model. The inputs and outputs from the hardware were connected to dSPACE PPC Controller Board CP1103. By using dSPACE RTI, the response time of the system could be observed in real-time. The results, showed that boost converter was capable to operate in fast response with the variation of output load. The PI controller was capable to achieve faster transient response, stable and was more robust with digital control.
Large wildfires can cause significant damages to communities and ecosystems. In California in 201... more Large wildfires can cause significant damages to communities and ecosystems. In California in 2018, 87 people were killed, 2 billion acres were burned, and $16.5 billion in costs were incurred by the State. With increased drought and weather variability, this problem is likely only to worsen. In this paper we propose an approach for detecting early onset fires by leveraging equipment already deployed in existing power grid infrastructures, including those that cover remote areas. Our approach is based on the observation that radiated heat from fires quickly results in changes in transmission line temperatures and sag. As the transmission line temperature increase from radiated heat from a fire, the line also expands in length resulting in sag. By monitoring line temperatures and sag, we show that early onset wildfires (e.g. a 50 m2 wildfire) can be detected in less than a minute and up to 120m away from the transmission line.
For just over 50 years doped Silicon (Si) has been the dominant semiconductor material for electr... more For just over 50 years doped Silicon (Si) has been the dominant semiconductor material for electronic circuit design and will continue its dominance for the foreseeable future for good reason. For now, competing or complementary process technologies lack the economies of scale to drive costs down in parallel with Si. In addition to development and manufacturing costs, Si process behavior and circuit performance are well understood and consistently predictable well into the deep submicron level. Current production Si channel lengths are about 22nm and 18µm for digital and analog integrated circuit manufacturers, respectively. Other than design specific characteristics, doped Si performance suffices for the vast majority of applications today. This paper will lightly cover Gallium Nitride (GaN) properties and the applications in power electronics. Additionally, GaN will also be compared with Silicon Carbide (SiC) which has very good characteristics for power electronics but is not a I...
This paper presents a maximum power extraction and control system using modified firefly algorith... more This paper presents a maximum power extraction and control system using modified firefly algorithm (MFA) to achieve high efficiency maximum power extraction from a grid-tied wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). To get maximum power extraction from the PMSG, the MFA adjusts duty cycle of boost converter based on rectifier’s output voltage and current. Simulation results show that MFA successfully achieves tracking capability under varying wind speed to acquire the maximum power during constant power coefficient operation of the wind turbine. The MFA also yields higher efficiency, faster response and lower integral of time and absolute error (ITAE) compared to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the perturb and observe (P&O) counterparts. The proposed MFA was further tested empirically against P&O method to extract maximum power on a 500W lab-scale prototype of wind energy conversion system (WECS). The hardware test results demonstrate that MFA outpe...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2019
This paper introduces the modelling of a novel three phase AC-AC converter with indirect use of a... more This paper introduces the modelling of a novel three phase AC-AC converter with indirect use of a capacitor as DC voltage link. The proposed converter has high efficiency because it uses Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique at both rectificier and inverter stages to operate the pulse width modulation in IGBT switches. The novel converter is equipped with a power factor control to shape the rectifier input current waveform to be sinusoidal and to be in phase with the input voltage. To keep the DC voltage stable, the converter utilizes PI controllers. Simulations are conducted for output voltage from 120 to 300 Volts with output frequency ranging from 30 Hz to 60 Hz. The simulation results show that the converter is able to maintain stable the DC voltage and current. Furthermore, the model demonstrates the benefits of proposed converter in terms of acquiring high input power factor and sinusoidal current waveform at the output side of the inverter.
One major concern in using over current relays (OCRs) is their coordination in power system prote... more One major concern in using over current relays (OCRs) is their coordination in power system protection to decrease the pressure of electrical equipment and avoid mal-trip in the primary and backup relays. The issue has recently become more challenging with the increasing use of distributed generation (DG). This study proposes the use of firefly algorithm (FA) to achieve an optimised coordination of OCRs in power system protection when DG is present in the system. Typically, the FA is done by selecting plug setting and time setting multiplier parameters. However, the algorithm associated with such method requires a long convergence time and has the risk of getting trapped in local optima. Therefore, an adaptive modified FA (AMFA) has been developed to overcome these issues and obtain the optimised coordination of OCRs. The AMFA is tested in five case studies of a power system with DG whose results are then compared with those obtained from the conventional and FA methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed AMFA is able to achieve the optimised coordination of OCRs in all test cases with significant improvement in time reduction reaching 40.446%.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A STATIC VAR COMPENSATED MIXED LOAD SYSTEM TaufikTaufik, James Ruckdasch... more MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A STATIC VAR COMPENSATED MIXED LOAD SYSTEM TaufikTaufik, James Ruckdaschel, Dale Dolan Electrical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, California, USA Makbul Anwari Department of ...
Based on fuel crossover behavior and bubble nucleation in the microfluidic fuel cell’s channel, t... more Based on fuel crossover behavior and bubble nucleation in the microfluidic fuel cell’s channel, this research numerically presents the performance of air-breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells. In the simulation, a three-dimensional microfluidic fuel cell model was used. The continuity, momentum, species transport, and charge equations were used to develop the model transport behavior, whereas the Brinkman equation represented the porous medium flow in the gas diffusion layer. The I–V and power density curves are generated using the Butler–Volmer equation. The simulation and current experimental data were compared under identical operating conditions to validate the I–V curve of the microfluidic fuel cell model. The model was used to investigate the current density distribution in the microchannel due to bubble obstruction and the reactant concentration on both electrodes. Fuel crossover resulted in a large decrease in open-circuit voltage and a reduction in fuel conce...
2021 International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2021
With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the coming decades, maximum ... more With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the coming decades, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) will be essential to optimizing power output. One underserved topic of research is inductor current ripple’s effect on MPPT algorithm performance. This study uses a boost converter topology to test the performance of constant duty cycle Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance and Constant Voltage PID algorithms. Inductor current ripple is controlled solely by changing inductance. This study concluded that all three algorithms were quite robust and affected very little over an inductor current ripple factor range of 20% to 40%. One novel finding was increased duty cycle oscillations when the MPPT update, and sample speed was faster than the boost converter response.
2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON), 2019
This paper presents the design and development of a USB-C Power Adapter for residential DC electr... more This paper presents the design and development of a USB-C Power Adapter for residential DC electrical system. Although USB-C is a new and emerging technology, it is well placed to become a standard for DC power delivery. The power adapter utilizes a USB Power Delivery controller to operate a two-phase synchronous buck converter to interface with an existing 48V DC House infrastructure to provide output voltages of 5, 9, 15, or 20 VDC at up to 100W. Hardware design and construction of the converter were conducted and then tested. Results from the hardware test show that the USB-C power adapter was able to achieve the desired output voltages while delivering up to 100W. At full load, the power adapter was measured at 96.27% efficiency, less than 1% output voltage ripple, and less than 2% on line and load regulations. Additionally, when connecting actual consumer devices to the system, they were charged without issue and at the proper power delivery profile.
Proceeding of International Conference on Science and Technology
In recent years there has been an outburst of interest in the use of renewable energy sources to ... more In recent years there has been an outburst of interest in the use of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These renewable energy sources are generally putting out dc power and hence some intermediate energy conversion to ac is essential for its use. Unfortunately, this much needed conversion yields not only extra cost to the system but also introduces power loss which consequently reduces system's efficiency. This DC House project aims to utilize the dc energy directly from renewable energy sources without the need for dc to ac conversion. Besides enhancing system's efficiency while reducing cost, the DC House's main use will be in locations where utility grid is out of reach or geographically inaccessible; hence, the opportunity to promote the use of renewable energy sources while providing electricity to those people who are less fortunate.
The cost benefit analysis of when to wash a solar system and how often is an important considerat... more The cost benefit analysis of when to wash a solar system and how often is an important consideration for solar PV system operators. This paper discusses two site specific methods for owners to cost effectively determine suitable timings of module washings. One method uses IV curve tracing on test panels while the other uses direct measurement of energy production on control and system panels. Through a specific California based case study it is shown that both methods can provide details that will give the operator greater confidence that the choice to clean is a cost effective decision.
This paper presents the DC house prototype for rural electrification, especially in geographicall... more This paper presents the DC house prototype for rural electrification, especially in geographically hard-to-reach areas. The DC house offers a distributed low-power low-voltage DC residential electricity rather than the legacy centralized relatively high-power high-voltage AC system. The DC house method is an individual or family-based approach to rural electrification.. This in turn yields to an alternative solution that is scalable, affordable, and flexible. Equally important is that the DC house directly runs DC loads; thus, bypassing losses associated with the traditional AC voltage system. The DC House may also utilize human-powered energy sources, making it even more sustainable in producing off-grid electricity. This research uses research and development (R & D) method. This research produces the DC house prototype with its components. The DC house has been designed to allow a maximum capacity of 600W provided by as many as two renewable energy sources (solar and wind). Sever...
Abstract: This paper details a study performed by the Irrigation Training and Research Center to ... more Abstract: This paper details a study performed by the Irrigation Training and Research Center to determine motor performances under varying speeds [induced by a variable frequency drives (VFD) controller] and loads. A further goal of the study was to provide sufficient information to designers so that they could estimate total pumping plant power usage with a VFD-controlled installation. Motors were tested with a VFD as well as across-the-Iine. On average, the relative efficiency of the electrical system with a VFD may be approximately 8 % lower than the relative efficiency of a properly designed, full-load across-the-line system. If one considers actual field operating conditions this 8 % is misleading because overall energy savings can be obtained with VFDs due to their ability to properly adjust speeds to meet actual field conditions.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010
Multiphasing of dc-dc converters has been known to give technical and economical benefits to low ... more Multiphasing of dc-dc converters has been known to give technical and economical benefits to low voltage high power buck regulator modules. A major advantage of multiphasing dc-dc converters is the improvement of input and output performances in the buck converter. From this aspect, a potential use would be in renewable energy where power quality plays an important factor. This paper presents the design of a 2-phase 200W boost converter for battery charging application. Analysis of results from hardware measurement of the boost converter demonstrates the benefits of using multiphase. Results from the hardware prototype of the 2-phase boost converter further show the potential extension of multiphase beyond its commonly used low voltage high current domains.
This paper presents the design of Proportional Integral (PI) controller with Real Time Interface ... more This paper presents the design of Proportional Integral (PI) controller with Real Time Interface (RTI) to improve the dynamic response of digitally control dc to dc boost converter. The experiments were done under several load variations. DS1103 dSPACE RTI has been used as an interface controller between hardware and software by using MATLAB/Simulink model. The inputs and outputs from the hardware were connected to dSPACE PPC Controller Board CP1103. By using dSPACE RTI, the response time of the system could be observed in real-time. The results, showed that boost converter was capable to operate in fast response with the variation of output load. The PI controller was capable to achieve faster transient response, stable and was more robust with digital control.
Large wildfires can cause significant damages to communities and ecosystems. In California in 201... more Large wildfires can cause significant damages to communities and ecosystems. In California in 2018, 87 people were killed, 2 billion acres were burned, and $16.5 billion in costs were incurred by the State. With increased drought and weather variability, this problem is likely only to worsen. In this paper we propose an approach for detecting early onset fires by leveraging equipment already deployed in existing power grid infrastructures, including those that cover remote areas. Our approach is based on the observation that radiated heat from fires quickly results in changes in transmission line temperatures and sag. As the transmission line temperature increase from radiated heat from a fire, the line also expands in length resulting in sag. By monitoring line temperatures and sag, we show that early onset wildfires (e.g. a 50 m2 wildfire) can be detected in less than a minute and up to 120m away from the transmission line.
For just over 50 years doped Silicon (Si) has been the dominant semiconductor material for electr... more For just over 50 years doped Silicon (Si) has been the dominant semiconductor material for electronic circuit design and will continue its dominance for the foreseeable future for good reason. For now, competing or complementary process technologies lack the economies of scale to drive costs down in parallel with Si. In addition to development and manufacturing costs, Si process behavior and circuit performance are well understood and consistently predictable well into the deep submicron level. Current production Si channel lengths are about 22nm and 18µm for digital and analog integrated circuit manufacturers, respectively. Other than design specific characteristics, doped Si performance suffices for the vast majority of applications today. This paper will lightly cover Gallium Nitride (GaN) properties and the applications in power electronics. Additionally, GaN will also be compared with Silicon Carbide (SiC) which has very good characteristics for power electronics but is not a I...
This paper presents a maximum power extraction and control system using modified firefly algorith... more This paper presents a maximum power extraction and control system using modified firefly algorithm (MFA) to achieve high efficiency maximum power extraction from a grid-tied wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). To get maximum power extraction from the PMSG, the MFA adjusts duty cycle of boost converter based on rectifier’s output voltage and current. Simulation results show that MFA successfully achieves tracking capability under varying wind speed to acquire the maximum power during constant power coefficient operation of the wind turbine. The MFA also yields higher efficiency, faster response and lower integral of time and absolute error (ITAE) compared to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the perturb and observe (P&O) counterparts. The proposed MFA was further tested empirically against P&O method to extract maximum power on a 500W lab-scale prototype of wind energy conversion system (WECS). The hardware test results demonstrate that MFA outpe...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2019
This paper introduces the modelling of a novel three phase AC-AC converter with indirect use of a... more This paper introduces the modelling of a novel three phase AC-AC converter with indirect use of a capacitor as DC voltage link. The proposed converter has high efficiency because it uses Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique at both rectificier and inverter stages to operate the pulse width modulation in IGBT switches. The novel converter is equipped with a power factor control to shape the rectifier input current waveform to be sinusoidal and to be in phase with the input voltage. To keep the DC voltage stable, the converter utilizes PI controllers. Simulations are conducted for output voltage from 120 to 300 Volts with output frequency ranging from 30 Hz to 60 Hz. The simulation results show that the converter is able to maintain stable the DC voltage and current. Furthermore, the model demonstrates the benefits of proposed converter in terms of acquiring high input power factor and sinusoidal current waveform at the output side of the inverter.
One major concern in using over current relays (OCRs) is their coordination in power system prote... more One major concern in using over current relays (OCRs) is their coordination in power system protection to decrease the pressure of electrical equipment and avoid mal-trip in the primary and backup relays. The issue has recently become more challenging with the increasing use of distributed generation (DG). This study proposes the use of firefly algorithm (FA) to achieve an optimised coordination of OCRs in power system protection when DG is present in the system. Typically, the FA is done by selecting plug setting and time setting multiplier parameters. However, the algorithm associated with such method requires a long convergence time and has the risk of getting trapped in local optima. Therefore, an adaptive modified FA (AMFA) has been developed to overcome these issues and obtain the optimised coordination of OCRs. The AMFA is tested in five case studies of a power system with DG whose results are then compared with those obtained from the conventional and FA methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed AMFA is able to achieve the optimised coordination of OCRs in all test cases with significant improvement in time reduction reaching 40.446%.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A STATIC VAR COMPENSATED MIXED LOAD SYSTEM TaufikTaufik, James Ruckdasch... more MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A STATIC VAR COMPENSATED MIXED LOAD SYSTEM TaufikTaufik, James Ruckdaschel, Dale Dolan Electrical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, California, USA Makbul Anwari Department of ...
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