Transportation is one of the foremost catalysts of the urban economy as it gives the necessary pa... more Transportation is one of the foremost catalysts of the urban economy as it gives the necessary pace to it by means of connection between and among the places. The basic transport modes that serve commuters and other people to move in and around the urban area are Bus, Cabs, Trains, Metrorail, Ferry, and Trams. Among them, the tram is the only non-polluting as well as a sustainable mode of mass transport. In India, Kolkata is the only city where the Tram is till now operating. The cab is very expensive, unfriendly for mass transit of passengers and also polluting one. Buses carry less number of passengers compared to trams and exert a huge black fume in some cases. And Metro rail on the other hand, although apparently seems to be non-polluting but it exerts substantial pollution effect by means of its tremendous sharp sound which is so harmful and involves a huge costing for constructed operation and management. In this respect, tramcars stand out in comparison to other vehicular modes within the transportation system of Kolkata for its uniqueness. However, Kolkata is the only city where this service is still running with remarkable transformation in terms of its decreasing coverage area, passenger turnover, earning and basic infrastructure over the years. In the case of developed countries, the Tramways case is different. The present paper attempts to trace the underlying scenario of spatiotemporal dimensions of tramways of Kolkata and identify the management and technical gaps to be redressed. To comprehend the overall present picture, tramcars professing passengers, operators, maintenance workers, management personnels are interviewed, and historical perspective is also added, to collect data from the reliable sources.
Census towns are those which are urban in respect to the total population, population density and... more Census towns are those which are urban in respect to the total population, population density and occupational engagement as laid down by Census of India in one hand but rural by nature in respect to administrative identity on the other. An important aspect to be mentioned is that the number of census towns (CTs) in India has grown from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. Kerala,West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh contribute 11.83, 20.03 and 2.87 percent to total CTs respectively in 2011. A study shows that the new CTs account for almost 30 percent of the urban growth in the last decade. It also shows that the largest increase in the number of CTs was in the state of West Bengal and Kerala. In the case of West Bengal, the increase is 528 CTs and in the case of Kerala, it's 362. Hence, it will be very significant to analyze the level of fulfillment of civic amenities which should be substantially available to an urban resident. In the present analysis, West Bengal and Kerala have been taken in to account along with Madhya Pradesh. The present paper attempts to examine the comparative status of civic amenities provided by government local bodies in the CTs of these states. Thus the study will focus on the status of the civic amenities and services cutting across different levels of development in the country like Kerala, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh exhibit a relatively high, medium and poor level of development respectively.
Transportation is one of the foremost catalysts of the urban economy as it gives the necessary pa... more Transportation is one of the foremost catalysts of the urban economy as it gives the necessary pace to it by means of connection between and among the places. The basic transport modes that serve commuters and other people to move in and around the urban area are Bus, Cabs, Trains, Metrorail, Ferry, and Trams. Among them, the tram is the only non-polluting as well as a sustainable mode of mass transport. In India, Kolkata is the only city where the Tram is till now operating. The cab is very expensive, unfriendly for mass transit of passengers and also polluting one. Buses carry less number of passengers compared to trams and exert a huge black fume in some cases. And Metro rail on the other hand, although apparently seems to be non-polluting but it exerts substantial pollution effect by means of its tremendous sharp sound which is so harmful and involves a huge costing for constructed operation and management. In this respect, tramcars stand out in comparison to other vehicular modes within the transportation system of Kolkata for its uniqueness. However, Kolkata is the only city where this service is still running with remarkable transformation in terms of its decreasing coverage area, passenger turnover, earning and basic infrastructure over the years. In the case of developed countries, the Tramways case is different. The present paper attempts to trace the underlying scenario of spatiotemporal dimensions of tramways of Kolkata and identify the management and technical gaps to be redressed. To comprehend the overall present picture, tramcars professing passengers, operators, maintenance workers, management personnels are interviewed, and historical perspective is also added, to collect data from the reliable sources.
Census towns are those which are urban in respect to the total population, population density and... more Census towns are those which are urban in respect to the total population, population density and occupational engagement as laid down by Census of India in one hand but rural by nature in respect to administrative identity on the other. An important aspect to be mentioned is that the number of census towns (CTs) in India has grown from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. Kerala,West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh contribute 11.83, 20.03 and 2.87 percent to total CTs respectively in 2011. A study shows that the new CTs account for almost 30 percent of the urban growth in the last decade. It also shows that the largest increase in the number of CTs was in the state of West Bengal and Kerala. In the case of West Bengal, the increase is 528 CTs and in the case of Kerala, it's 362. Hence, it will be very significant to analyze the level of fulfillment of civic amenities which should be substantially available to an urban resident. In the present analysis, West Bengal and Kerala have been taken in to account along with Madhya Pradesh. The present paper attempts to examine the comparative status of civic amenities provided by government local bodies in the CTs of these states. Thus the study will focus on the status of the civic amenities and services cutting across different levels of development in the country like Kerala, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh exhibit a relatively high, medium and poor level of development respectively.
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by means of connection between and among the places. The basic transport modes that serve commuters
and other people to move in and around the urban area are Bus, Cabs, Trains, Metrorail, Ferry, and
Trams. Among them, the tram is the only non-polluting as well as a sustainable mode of mass transport.
In India, Kolkata is the only city where the Tram is till now operating. The cab is very expensive,
unfriendly for mass transit of passengers and also polluting one. Buses carry less number of passengers
compared to trams and exert a huge black fume in some cases. And Metro rail on the other hand,
although apparently seems to be non-polluting but it exerts substantial pollution effect by means of its
tremendous sharp sound which is so harmful and involves a huge costing for constructed operation and
management. In this respect, tramcars stand out in comparison to other vehicular modes within the
transportation system of Kolkata for its uniqueness. However, Kolkata is the only city where this service
is still running with remarkable transformation in terms of its decreasing coverage area, passenger
turnover, earning and basic infrastructure over the years. In the case of developed countries, the
Tramways case is different. The present paper attempts to trace the underlying scenario of spatiotemporal
dimensions of tramways of Kolkata and identify the management and technical gaps to be
redressed. To comprehend the overall present picture, tramcars professing passengers, operators,
maintenance workers, management personnels are interviewed, and historical perspective is also
added, to collect data from the reliable sources.
occupational engagement as laid down by Census of India in one hand but rural by nature in respect to
administrative identity on the other. An important aspect to be mentioned is that the number of census
towns (CTs) in India has grown from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. Kerala,West Bengal, and Madhya
Pradesh contribute 11.83, 20.03 and 2.87 percent to total CTs respectively in 2011. A study shows that
the new CTs account for almost 30 percent of the urban growth in the last decade. It also shows that the
largest increase in the number of CTs was in the state of West Bengal and Kerala. In the case of West
Bengal, the increase is 528 CTs and in the case of Kerala, it's 362. Hence, it will be very significant to
analyze the level of fulfillment of civic amenities which should be substantially available to an urban
resident. In the present analysis, West Bengal and Kerala have been taken in to account along with
Madhya Pradesh. The present paper attempts to examine the comparative status of civic amenities
provided by government local bodies in the CTs of these states. Thus the study will focus on the status of
the civic amenities and services cutting across different levels of development in the country like Kerala,
West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh exhibit a relatively high, medium and poor level of development
respectively.
by means of connection between and among the places. The basic transport modes that serve commuters
and other people to move in and around the urban area are Bus, Cabs, Trains, Metrorail, Ferry, and
Trams. Among them, the tram is the only non-polluting as well as a sustainable mode of mass transport.
In India, Kolkata is the only city where the Tram is till now operating. The cab is very expensive,
unfriendly for mass transit of passengers and also polluting one. Buses carry less number of passengers
compared to trams and exert a huge black fume in some cases. And Metro rail on the other hand,
although apparently seems to be non-polluting but it exerts substantial pollution effect by means of its
tremendous sharp sound which is so harmful and involves a huge costing for constructed operation and
management. In this respect, tramcars stand out in comparison to other vehicular modes within the
transportation system of Kolkata for its uniqueness. However, Kolkata is the only city where this service
is still running with remarkable transformation in terms of its decreasing coverage area, passenger
turnover, earning and basic infrastructure over the years. In the case of developed countries, the
Tramways case is different. The present paper attempts to trace the underlying scenario of spatiotemporal
dimensions of tramways of Kolkata and identify the management and technical gaps to be
redressed. To comprehend the overall present picture, tramcars professing passengers, operators,
maintenance workers, management personnels are interviewed, and historical perspective is also
added, to collect data from the reliable sources.
occupational engagement as laid down by Census of India in one hand but rural by nature in respect to
administrative identity on the other. An important aspect to be mentioned is that the number of census
towns (CTs) in India has grown from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. Kerala,West Bengal, and Madhya
Pradesh contribute 11.83, 20.03 and 2.87 percent to total CTs respectively in 2011. A study shows that
the new CTs account for almost 30 percent of the urban growth in the last decade. It also shows that the
largest increase in the number of CTs was in the state of West Bengal and Kerala. In the case of West
Bengal, the increase is 528 CTs and in the case of Kerala, it's 362. Hence, it will be very significant to
analyze the level of fulfillment of civic amenities which should be substantially available to an urban
resident. In the present analysis, West Bengal and Kerala have been taken in to account along with
Madhya Pradesh. The present paper attempts to examine the comparative status of civic amenities
provided by government local bodies in the CTs of these states. Thus the study will focus on the status of
the civic amenities and services cutting across different levels of development in the country like Kerala,
West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh exhibit a relatively high, medium and poor level of development
respectively.