I am a researcher who focuses on academic literature and book analysis. I have a rich interdisciplinary research background covering social sciences, technology, education and other fields. I use quantitative and qualitative methods to explore various academic achievements in depth and have written many review and analysis articles. I am keen to promote the integration of research in different fields and help the dissemination and practical application of knowledge. My goal is to reveal new perspectives through literature analysis and promote the exchange and cooperation of innovative ideas. I look forward to exchanging papers and discussing with successful people in various fields. Address: Cleveland, Ohio, United States
NASA's Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program is sponsoring the development of a new g... more NASA's Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program is sponsoring the development of a new generation of surface light scattering hardware. This instrument is designed to noninvasively measure the surface response function of liquids over a wide range of operating conditions while automatically compensating for a sloshing surface. The surface response function can be used to compute surface tension, properties of monolayers present, viscosity, surface tension gradient and surface temperature. The instrument uses optical and electronic building blocks developed for the laser light scattering program at NASA Lewis along with several unique surface light scattering components. The emphasis of this paper is the compensation for bulk surface motion (slosh). Some data processing background information is also included.
Experiments are performed to observe capillary flow in grooves cut into copper surfaces. Flow kin... more Experiments are performed to observe capillary flow in grooves cut into copper surfaces. Flow kinetics of two liquids, 1-heptanol and eutectic Sn Pb solder, are modeled with modified Washburn kinetics and compared to flow data. It is shown that both liquids flow parabolically in narrow V-grooves, and the data scale as predicted by the modified Washburn model. The early portions of the flow kinetics are characterized by curvature in the length vs time relationship which is not accounted for in the modified Washburn model. This effect is interpreted in terms of a dynamic contact angle. It is concluded that under conditions of rapid flow, solder spreading can be understood as a simple fluid flow process. Slower kinetics, e.g. solder droplet spreading on flat surfaces, may be affected by subsidiary chemical processes such as reaction.
For V-shaped surface grooves in copper, we have obtained the capillary driven flow kinetics for t... more For V-shaped surface grooves in copper, we have obtained the capillary driven flow kinetics for two liquids: unreactive 1-heptanol and eutectic Sn/Pb solder, which is known to react with copper. We show experimentally that the flow of both liquids in these grooves follows the classical Washburn kinetics, i.e., a Poiseuille flow process, modified to include a dynamic contact angle. Because
We propose and study an analytic model for growing interfaces in the presence of Brownian diffusi... more We propose and study an analytic model for growing interfaces in the presence of Brownian diffusion and hopping transport. The model is based on a continuum formulation of mass conservation at the interface, including reactions. The Burgers-KPZ equation for the rate of elevation change emerges after a number of approximations are invoked. We add to the model the possibility that
We have obtained detailed capillary kinetic data for flow of a series of alcohols with various su... more We have obtained detailed capillary kinetic data for flow of a series of alcohols with various surface tension to viscosity ratios, γ/μ, spreading in open V-shaped grooves cut in Cu with three different groove angles. Two theoretical models which assume Poiseuille flow and static advancing contact angles were tested against the experimental data. One is a detailed hydrodynamic model with
A novel technique for the fabrication of binary-phase computer-generated reflection holograms is ... more A novel technique for the fabrication of binary-phase computer-generated reflection holograms is described. By use of integrated circuit technology, the holographic pattern is etched into a silicon wafer and then aluminum coated to make a reflection hologram. Because these holograms reflect virtually all the incident radiation, they may find application in machining with high-power lasers. A number of possible modifications of the hologram fabrication procedure are discussed.
Abstract We propose a general model for the study of the dynamics of underpotential deposition. B... more Abstract We propose a general model for the study of the dynamics of underpotential deposition. Basically, the model involves an interacting particle system on a two-dimensional (square or triangular) lattice, where the rates of birth (adsorption of a particle onto the lattice) are constant, and the rates of death (desorption) depend only on the neighborhood pattern, i.e., the configuration of occupied sites surrounding the particle. Essentially, the more neighbors a molecule has, the more stable its position in the layer is. A series of Monte-Carlo simulations of this model has been conducted wherein we study the coverage of the surface as a function of time as well as its derivative (coverage current). We also propose and analyze estimates of two different quantities related to the clustering effect: the conditional entropy of the distribution of occupied sites in different patterns and an index of complexity of clusters which, essentially, is the ϵ-entropy of the cluster's border.
The dynamics of spreading of simple liquids down straight, narrow ssV grooves open at the top wer... more The dynamics of spreading of simple liquids down straight, narrow ssV grooves open at the top were captured by real-time video imaging. Groove depths in polished copper ranged between 40 and 100 mum and extended approximately 2 cm with ssV angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. The surface tension to viscosity ratios ranged from 46 to 970 cm/sec and the capillary number was small, Ca<<1 in all cases. The length of the spreading liquid scaled with &surd;t accurately for every case examined; the dynamics were well represented by two numbers, the location of the front in reduced coordinates and a diffusion coefficient. A simple theory is presented for the dynamics of the advancing front that requires no adjustable parameters and fits well the experimental data collected with six alcohols. Unlike drop spreading, the ad hoc slip boundary condition of that theory is not invoked for the open groove problem; only the static advancing contact angle is used.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 1996
Multilayer polyimide (PI) films were successfully fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) tec... more Multilayer polyimide (PI) films were successfully fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. These films were studied in several ways relevant to their use as liquid crystal alignment layers. (1) The influence of dipping speed and creep time on the orientational order of PI-LB films was investigated by means of birefringence measurements. (2) For comparison, we measured the pretilt angles and polar anchoring strengths of liquid crystal (LC) cells assembled with PI-LB films and rubbed PI-LB films as alignment layers. (3) The anchoring direction of the liquid crystal was found to be solely determined by the dipping direction of uppermost PI-LB layer, regardless of the dipping direction of deeper layers. (4) Combining results of the above studies with measurements of pretransitional birefringence (above the isotropic to nematic (I → N) transition) and observations of the growth of the alignment texture just below the nematic-isotropic transition, we draw the conclusion that the range of interaction between the PI-LB film and LC molecules is quite short (∼4.5Å) and that the alignment mechanism is epitaxial. Therefore, anisotropic short range molecular interactions are responsible for the alignment of the first liquid crystal layer. (5) From studies of PI-LB films deposited perpendicular to the rubbing direction of underlying spin-coated PI films, we also found evidence, as expected, that the grooves induced by the rubbing process are not decisive for LC alignment on a rubbed polymer surface.
Structural intensity and a force distribution function are used to localize the sources on a plat... more Structural intensity and a force distribution function are used to localize the sources on a plate based on the knowledge of the plate surface velocity. The plate surface velocity is measured by means of a laser vibrometer which, unlike accelerometer, does not change the plate ...
A simple optical configuration has been proposed to fabricate surface-relief gratings which are k... more A simple optical configuration has been proposed to fabricate surface-relief gratings which are key elements in integrated optical devices. This configuration is simple and easy to align thus enabling precise fabrication of a grating which is near to the wavelength used for ...
... concluded that the material excess at the surface depends upon the convention used to specify... more ... concluded that the material excess at the surface depends upon the convention used to specify the reference dividing surface. ... Throughout our discussion, we confine ourselves to the case of a flat inter-face, so that the mean and ... Pressure Dependence of Interfacial Tension. 1. ...
NASA's Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program is sponsoring the development of a new g... more NASA's Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program is sponsoring the development of a new generation of surface light scattering hardware. This instrument is designed to noninvasively measure the surface response function of liquids over a wide range of operating conditions while automatically compensating for a sloshing surface. The surface response function can be used to compute surface tension, properties of monolayers present, viscosity, surface tension gradient and surface temperature. The instrument uses optical and electronic building blocks developed for the laser light scattering program at NASA Lewis along with several unique surface light scattering components. The emphasis of this paper is the compensation for bulk surface motion (slosh). Some data processing background information is also included.
Experiments are performed to observe capillary flow in grooves cut into copper surfaces. Flow kin... more Experiments are performed to observe capillary flow in grooves cut into copper surfaces. Flow kinetics of two liquids, 1-heptanol and eutectic Sn Pb solder, are modeled with modified Washburn kinetics and compared to flow data. It is shown that both liquids flow parabolically in narrow V-grooves, and the data scale as predicted by the modified Washburn model. The early portions of the flow kinetics are characterized by curvature in the length vs time relationship which is not accounted for in the modified Washburn model. This effect is interpreted in terms of a dynamic contact angle. It is concluded that under conditions of rapid flow, solder spreading can be understood as a simple fluid flow process. Slower kinetics, e.g. solder droplet spreading on flat surfaces, may be affected by subsidiary chemical processes such as reaction.
For V-shaped surface grooves in copper, we have obtained the capillary driven flow kinetics for t... more For V-shaped surface grooves in copper, we have obtained the capillary driven flow kinetics for two liquids: unreactive 1-heptanol and eutectic Sn/Pb solder, which is known to react with copper. We show experimentally that the flow of both liquids in these grooves follows the classical Washburn kinetics, i.e., a Poiseuille flow process, modified to include a dynamic contact angle. Because
We propose and study an analytic model for growing interfaces in the presence of Brownian diffusi... more We propose and study an analytic model for growing interfaces in the presence of Brownian diffusion and hopping transport. The model is based on a continuum formulation of mass conservation at the interface, including reactions. The Burgers-KPZ equation for the rate of elevation change emerges after a number of approximations are invoked. We add to the model the possibility that
We have obtained detailed capillary kinetic data for flow of a series of alcohols with various su... more We have obtained detailed capillary kinetic data for flow of a series of alcohols with various surface tension to viscosity ratios, γ/μ, spreading in open V-shaped grooves cut in Cu with three different groove angles. Two theoretical models which assume Poiseuille flow and static advancing contact angles were tested against the experimental data. One is a detailed hydrodynamic model with
A novel technique for the fabrication of binary-phase computer-generated reflection holograms is ... more A novel technique for the fabrication of binary-phase computer-generated reflection holograms is described. By use of integrated circuit technology, the holographic pattern is etched into a silicon wafer and then aluminum coated to make a reflection hologram. Because these holograms reflect virtually all the incident radiation, they may find application in machining with high-power lasers. A number of possible modifications of the hologram fabrication procedure are discussed.
Abstract We propose a general model for the study of the dynamics of underpotential deposition. B... more Abstract We propose a general model for the study of the dynamics of underpotential deposition. Basically, the model involves an interacting particle system on a two-dimensional (square or triangular) lattice, where the rates of birth (adsorption of a particle onto the lattice) are constant, and the rates of death (desorption) depend only on the neighborhood pattern, i.e., the configuration of occupied sites surrounding the particle. Essentially, the more neighbors a molecule has, the more stable its position in the layer is. A series of Monte-Carlo simulations of this model has been conducted wherein we study the coverage of the surface as a function of time as well as its derivative (coverage current). We also propose and analyze estimates of two different quantities related to the clustering effect: the conditional entropy of the distribution of occupied sites in different patterns and an index of complexity of clusters which, essentially, is the ϵ-entropy of the cluster's border.
The dynamics of spreading of simple liquids down straight, narrow ssV grooves open at the top wer... more The dynamics of spreading of simple liquids down straight, narrow ssV grooves open at the top were captured by real-time video imaging. Groove depths in polished copper ranged between 40 and 100 mum and extended approximately 2 cm with ssV angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. The surface tension to viscosity ratios ranged from 46 to 970 cm/sec and the capillary number was small, Ca<<1 in all cases. The length of the spreading liquid scaled with &surd;t accurately for every case examined; the dynamics were well represented by two numbers, the location of the front in reduced coordinates and a diffusion coefficient. A simple theory is presented for the dynamics of the advancing front that requires no adjustable parameters and fits well the experimental data collected with six alcohols. Unlike drop spreading, the ad hoc slip boundary condition of that theory is not invoked for the open groove problem; only the static advancing contact angle is used.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 1996
Multilayer polyimide (PI) films were successfully fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) tec... more Multilayer polyimide (PI) films were successfully fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. These films were studied in several ways relevant to their use as liquid crystal alignment layers. (1) The influence of dipping speed and creep time on the orientational order of PI-LB films was investigated by means of birefringence measurements. (2) For comparison, we measured the pretilt angles and polar anchoring strengths of liquid crystal (LC) cells assembled with PI-LB films and rubbed PI-LB films as alignment layers. (3) The anchoring direction of the liquid crystal was found to be solely determined by the dipping direction of uppermost PI-LB layer, regardless of the dipping direction of deeper layers. (4) Combining results of the above studies with measurements of pretransitional birefringence (above the isotropic to nematic (I → N) transition) and observations of the growth of the alignment texture just below the nematic-isotropic transition, we draw the conclusion that the range of interaction between the PI-LB film and LC molecules is quite short (∼4.5Å) and that the alignment mechanism is epitaxial. Therefore, anisotropic short range molecular interactions are responsible for the alignment of the first liquid crystal layer. (5) From studies of PI-LB films deposited perpendicular to the rubbing direction of underlying spin-coated PI films, we also found evidence, as expected, that the grooves induced by the rubbing process are not decisive for LC alignment on a rubbed polymer surface.
Structural intensity and a force distribution function are used to localize the sources on a plat... more Structural intensity and a force distribution function are used to localize the sources on a plate based on the knowledge of the plate surface velocity. The plate surface velocity is measured by means of a laser vibrometer which, unlike accelerometer, does not change the plate ...
A simple optical configuration has been proposed to fabricate surface-relief gratings which are k... more A simple optical configuration has been proposed to fabricate surface-relief gratings which are key elements in integrated optical devices. This configuration is simple and easy to align thus enabling precise fabrication of a grating which is near to the wavelength used for ...
... concluded that the material excess at the surface depends upon the convention used to specify... more ... concluded that the material excess at the surface depends upon the convention used to specify the reference dividing surface. ... Throughout our discussion, we confine ourselves to the case of a flat inter-face, so that the mean and ... Pressure Dependence of Interfacial Tension. 1. ...
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