11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management (ODAM 2014), Aug 18, 2014
ABSTRACT Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel suppor... more ABSTRACT Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by advanced technology; an environment that exposes operators to a high cognitive workload. In 2009, Swedish VTS had to increase efficiency with maintained safety and quality. Through the HTO concept, all dimensions that affect the operators' performance were considered – human, technological and organizational aspects had to be balanced. The article discusses the experiences from using the HTO concept in the VTS domain, presents the results of this specific project and suggests some important principles needed to be in place to guarantee successful outcomes of reorganizing projects.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 5, 2018
This paper describes the results of the conceptual and practical strategy work performed by the S... more This paper describes the results of the conceptual and practical strategy work performed by the Swedish Ergonomics and Human Factors Society (EHSS) today. The rationale of EHSS is to strengthen the quality of ergonomics/human factors knowledge and practice in Sweden and form a multidisciplinary platform across disciplines and professions for collaboration and for knowledge sharing. EHSS gathers about 350 members, representing different occupations in industry, academia and the public sector. Together, EHSS members hold knowledge and experience in physical, cognitive and organizational ergonomics and its application in working life and society. The overall aim of this paper is to inspire related societies and stakeholders to initiate discussions about strategies and future projects that allow for collaboration and knowledge sharing. Proposedly follow the EHSS model where we have formed a multidisciplinary platform for collaboration across disciplines and professions. The activities initiated and supported by EHSS are one step towards broadening the knowledge and application of HFE in Sweden, and to comprise new arenas of specialization. By participating in the key areas in society such as teaching, standardization, product development and occupational safety and health, the work of EHSS is one piece of the puzzle to improve human activities in the future. The vision is that together, we can improve safety, efficiency and well-being for all.
A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible... more A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible technical system, but also how to optimize the human-machine interaction. Since manufacturing involves support and replacement of both cognitive as physical working tasks, the view on level of automation (LoA) has to be broadening within the area of manufacturing. This paper focuses on the idea that the process of manufacturing can be separated into two basic categories of functions, I.e. tasks that deal with mechanization (replacement of human muscle power), and computerization (replacement of human sensory and thought processes) in order to control the manufacturing process. The level of automation should, therefore, be separated into two basic scales. By variation within the two scales it may be possible to achieve ”the right automation for the right manufacturing situation”.
From a production system perspective, both human and technological capabilities, automation, are ... more From a production system perspective, both human and technological capabilities, automation, are important for balance and robustness. Separating and standardizing the balance allocation or relatio ...
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by ad... more Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by advanced technology; an environment that exposes operators to a high cognitive workload. In 2009, Swedish VTS had to increase efficiency with maintained safety and quality. Through the HTO concept, all dimensions that affect the operators' performance were considered – human, technological and organizational aspects had to be balanced. The article discusses the experiences from using the HTO concept in the VTS domain, presents the results of this specific project and suggests some important principles needed to be in place to guarantee successful outcomes of reorganizing projects.
Ninth IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill and Knowledge, 2006, 2006
Many manufacturing companies in Europe are presently focusing on automation as a weapon for compe... more Many manufacturing companies in Europe are presently focusing on automation as a weapon for competition on a global market. This paper focuses on industry's view of automation. The paper presents data on advantages and disadvantages of automation, based on one pilot study and one Delphi study in two rounds.
Decision-making can be referred to as the choice between two or more alternatives in situations t... more Decision-making can be referred to as the choice between two or more alternatives in situations that call for some change, and in industrial work it is seen as a critical part of production efficiency. There are several competing théories and perspectives on decision-making, however, which make it hard to généralise the concept. In the paper, we explore the notion of decision-making and its relation to system automation and operator support. Three key levels of decision-making are identiried: Strategie
Automated manufacturing systems are regarded as highly productive, which improves company's ... more Automated manufacturing systems are regarded as highly productive, which improves company's competitiveness. Many companies consider automation as either fully automated or entirely manual. This is never true since there is always a combination of automated and manual tasks. The delicate issue is to choose the level of automation, LoA, which is best for the purpose. When planning and implementing automated manufacturing systems, a large number of issues need to be considered. Traditional manufacturing strategy theory ...
Abstract: Manufacturing companies struggles with the fact that costumers are becoming more and mo... more Abstract: Manufacturing companies struggles with the fact that costumers are becoming more and more aggressive in demanding new products and services within a short period of time. A result of this is that companies have to find the most effective manufacturing for their products. This means finding new tactics to decrease the time-and costparameters in a system ie cycle-time, ramp-up time, investments etc. It is a challenge to find the best solution for this when it comes to flexibility, robustness and efficiency. This paper presents some of ...
Ergonomia-an International journal of ergonomics and human factors, 2008
The objective of this paper is to increase the general understanding of task allocation in semi-a... more The objective of this paper is to increase the general understanding of task allocation in semi-automated systems and to provide a systematic approach for changing the level of automation. The paper presents a literature review of definitions and taxonomies for levels of automation (LoA) across multiple scientific and industrial domains. A synthesizing concept is suggested, including a LoA definition and taxonomy aimed for application in the manufacturing domain. Results suggest that the level of automation should be divided into ...
Abstract New technology may contribute to several advantages, but shop-floor requirements need to... more Abstract New technology may contribute to several advantages, but shop-floor requirements need to be considered to achieve expected benefits. Results are based on an industrial study, where new machinery was implemented. Identified critical aspects include transfer of new knowledge related to the modified production system, scenario building, and situation awareness both within and outside the company. These critical aspects may also be relevant during planned changeovers between different levels of automation. An initial model is proposed, ...
A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible... more A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible technical system, but also how to optimize the human-machine interaction. Since manufacturing involves support and replacement of both cognitive as physical working tasks, the view on level of automation (LoA) has to be broadening within the area of manufacturing. This paper focuses on the idea that the process of manufacturing can be separated into two basic categories of functions, I.e. tasks that deal with mechanization (replacement of human muscle power), and computerization (replacement of human sensory and thought processes) in order to control the manufacturing process. The level of automation should, therefore, be separated into two basic scales. By variation within the two scales it may be possible to achieve ”the right automation for the right manufacturing situation”.
SwePub titelinformation: Controlling Levels of Automation : A model for identifying manufacturing... more SwePub titelinformation: Controlling Levels of Automation : A model for identifying manufacturing parameters.
One of the main concerns in engineering has been to increase system performance by the use of aut... more One of the main concerns in engineering has been to increase system performance by the use of automation and information technology. This paper addresses the concept of system task allocation and the role of the machine operator by exploring how common models for task allocation handle the complex setting of manufacturing systems. Conclusions are that we are headed towards more general roles for the operators.
11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management (ODAM 2014), Aug 18, 2014
ABSTRACT Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel suppor... more ABSTRACT Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by advanced technology; an environment that exposes operators to a high cognitive workload. In 2009, Swedish VTS had to increase efficiency with maintained safety and quality. Through the HTO concept, all dimensions that affect the operators' performance were considered – human, technological and organizational aspects had to be balanced. The article discusses the experiences from using the HTO concept in the VTS domain, presents the results of this specific project and suggests some important principles needed to be in place to guarantee successful outcomes of reorganizing projects.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 5, 2018
This paper describes the results of the conceptual and practical strategy work performed by the S... more This paper describes the results of the conceptual and practical strategy work performed by the Swedish Ergonomics and Human Factors Society (EHSS) today. The rationale of EHSS is to strengthen the quality of ergonomics/human factors knowledge and practice in Sweden and form a multidisciplinary platform across disciplines and professions for collaboration and for knowledge sharing. EHSS gathers about 350 members, representing different occupations in industry, academia and the public sector. Together, EHSS members hold knowledge and experience in physical, cognitive and organizational ergonomics and its application in working life and society. The overall aim of this paper is to inspire related societies and stakeholders to initiate discussions about strategies and future projects that allow for collaboration and knowledge sharing. Proposedly follow the EHSS model where we have formed a multidisciplinary platform for collaboration across disciplines and professions. The activities initiated and supported by EHSS are one step towards broadening the knowledge and application of HFE in Sweden, and to comprise new arenas of specialization. By participating in the key areas in society such as teaching, standardization, product development and occupational safety and health, the work of EHSS is one piece of the puzzle to improve human activities in the future. The vision is that together, we can improve safety, efficiency and well-being for all.
A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible... more A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible technical system, but also how to optimize the human-machine interaction. Since manufacturing involves support and replacement of both cognitive as physical working tasks, the view on level of automation (LoA) has to be broadening within the area of manufacturing. This paper focuses on the idea that the process of manufacturing can be separated into two basic categories of functions, I.e. tasks that deal with mechanization (replacement of human muscle power), and computerization (replacement of human sensory and thought processes) in order to control the manufacturing process. The level of automation should, therefore, be separated into two basic scales. By variation within the two scales it may be possible to achieve ”the right automation for the right manufacturing situation”.
From a production system perspective, both human and technological capabilities, automation, are ... more From a production system perspective, both human and technological capabilities, automation, are important for balance and robustness. Separating and standardizing the balance allocation or relatio ...
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by ad... more Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel supported by advanced technology; an environment that exposes operators to a high cognitive workload. In 2009, Swedish VTS had to increase efficiency with maintained safety and quality. Through the HTO concept, all dimensions that affect the operators' performance were considered – human, technological and organizational aspects had to be balanced. The article discusses the experiences from using the HTO concept in the VTS domain, presents the results of this specific project and suggests some important principles needed to be in place to guarantee successful outcomes of reorganizing projects.
Ninth IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill and Knowledge, 2006, 2006
Many manufacturing companies in Europe are presently focusing on automation as a weapon for compe... more Many manufacturing companies in Europe are presently focusing on automation as a weapon for competition on a global market. This paper focuses on industry's view of automation. The paper presents data on advantages and disadvantages of automation, based on one pilot study and one Delphi study in two rounds.
Decision-making can be referred to as the choice between two or more alternatives in situations t... more Decision-making can be referred to as the choice between two or more alternatives in situations that call for some change, and in industrial work it is seen as a critical part of production efficiency. There are several competing théories and perspectives on decision-making, however, which make it hard to généralise the concept. In the paper, we explore the notion of decision-making and its relation to system automation and operator support. Three key levels of decision-making are identiried: Strategie
Automated manufacturing systems are regarded as highly productive, which improves company's ... more Automated manufacturing systems are regarded as highly productive, which improves company's competitiveness. Many companies consider automation as either fully automated or entirely manual. This is never true since there is always a combination of automated and manual tasks. The delicate issue is to choose the level of automation, LoA, which is best for the purpose. When planning and implementing automated manufacturing systems, a large number of issues need to be considered. Traditional manufacturing strategy theory ...
Abstract: Manufacturing companies struggles with the fact that costumers are becoming more and mo... more Abstract: Manufacturing companies struggles with the fact that costumers are becoming more and more aggressive in demanding new products and services within a short period of time. A result of this is that companies have to find the most effective manufacturing for their products. This means finding new tactics to decrease the time-and costparameters in a system ie cycle-time, ramp-up time, investments etc. It is a challenge to find the best solution for this when it comes to flexibility, robustness and efficiency. This paper presents some of ...
Ergonomia-an International journal of ergonomics and human factors, 2008
The objective of this paper is to increase the general understanding of task allocation in semi-a... more The objective of this paper is to increase the general understanding of task allocation in semi-automated systems and to provide a systematic approach for changing the level of automation. The paper presents a literature review of definitions and taxonomies for levels of automation (LoA) across multiple scientific and industrial domains. A synthesizing concept is suggested, including a LoA definition and taxonomy aimed for application in the manufacturing domain. Results suggest that the level of automation should be divided into ...
Abstract New technology may contribute to several advantages, but shop-floor requirements need to... more Abstract New technology may contribute to several advantages, but shop-floor requirements need to be considered to achieve expected benefits. Results are based on an industrial study, where new machinery was implemented. Identified critical aspects include transfer of new knowledge related to the modified production system, scenario building, and situation awareness both within and outside the company. These critical aspects may also be relevant during planned changeovers between different levels of automation. An initial model is proposed, ...
A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible... more A central question for the design of automation has not only been how to design the best possible technical system, but also how to optimize the human-machine interaction. Since manufacturing involves support and replacement of both cognitive as physical working tasks, the view on level of automation (LoA) has to be broadening within the area of manufacturing. This paper focuses on the idea that the process of manufacturing can be separated into two basic categories of functions, I.e. tasks that deal with mechanization (replacement of human muscle power), and computerization (replacement of human sensory and thought processes) in order to control the manufacturing process. The level of automation should, therefore, be separated into two basic scales. By variation within the two scales it may be possible to achieve ”the right automation for the right manufacturing situation”.
SwePub titelinformation: Controlling Levels of Automation : A model for identifying manufacturing... more SwePub titelinformation: Controlling Levels of Automation : A model for identifying manufacturing parameters.
One of the main concerns in engineering has been to increase system performance by the use of aut... more One of the main concerns in engineering has been to increase system performance by the use of automation and information technology. This paper addresses the concept of system task allocation and the role of the machine operator by exploring how common models for task allocation handle the complex setting of manufacturing systems. Conclusions are that we are headed towards more general roles for the operators.
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Papers by Jorgen Frohm