Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Jul 20, 2021
Slow‐growing pigs negatively affect production efficiency in conventional pig farms by increasing... more Slow‐growing pigs negatively affect production efficiency in conventional pig farms by increasing the occupation time of the facilities and being a limiting factor for the All‐In/All‐Out swine production systems. This subset of pigs is usually managed with the rest of the pigs, and their nutrient requirements may not be fulfilled. The purpose of the present study was to compare the productive performance of slow‐ and fast‐growing pigs to different standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acids (AA) dietary levels at late grower–finisher stage. A total of 84 pigs were weighed, tagged, and classified as slow‐growing (SG; n = 48; 24.1 ± 1.38 kg) or fast‐growing pigs (FG; n = 36; 42.7 ± 1.63 kg) at 11 weeks of age. Pigs were housed in mixed sex pens (n = 8 SG+6 FG/pen) equipped with feeding stations to record daily feed intake per individual pig. Pigs were assigned to three dietary treatments resulting in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement at 15 weeks of age. Isoenergetic diets were formulated by increasing the ideal protein profile based on the following SID lysine (Lys) levels: 0.92%, 1.18% and 1.45%. Pigs were weighed bi‐weekly until 21 weeks of age. Fast‐growing pigs were 33.7 kg heavier, gained 255 g/day and consumed 625.5 g/day more than SG pigs (p < 0.001). No interaction or diet effects were observed for final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p > 0.05). However, feed conversion ratio was 0.3 lower for SG pigs fed 1.45% SID Lys/AA compared to SG pigs fed 0.92% SID Lys/AA (p = 0.002). Feed conversion ratio was not different within the FG pigs’ dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The efficiency of SG pigs may be improved when dietary SID AA levels are increased from 0.92 up to 1.45% SID Lys/AA. Thus, nutrient requirements may vary depending on growth rate at the same age, and SG pigs may require higher dietary SID AA levels than FG pigs to achieve similar productive performance.
... Cambiar idioma Idioma Català. Cambiar. Efecto del nivel de triptófano en el pienso de lactaci... more ... Cambiar idioma Idioma Català. Cambiar. Efecto del nivel de triptófano en el pienso de lactación sobre la productividad de la cerda y sus lechones. ...
The present study aimed to compare NIRS results using freeze-dried ground or not ground (FDG or F... more The present study aimed to compare NIRS results using freeze-dried ground or not ground (FDG or FDNG) faeces to predict faecal chemical composition and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) coefficients. Two different batches of pigs were used (n = 20 mixed sex pens/batch; 11 pigs/pen; Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)). The first batch of pigs (B1; 50.1 ± 3.44 kg body weight (BW)) was used at 13 wks of age and the second batch (B2; 87.0 ± 4.10 kg BW) was used at 18 wks of age. For both B1 and B2, pens were assigned to five diets formulated to obtain a control [10.03 MJ of net energy (NE), 160.0 g of crude protein (CP), and 9.5 g of standardized ileal digestive (SID) lysine (Lys) per kg of feed], low protein (132.0 g CP and 7.5 g SID Lys), high protein (188.0 g CP and 11.5 g SID Lys), low energy (9.61 MJ NE/kg), and high energy (10.45 MJ NE/kg) diets. After a 10-day adaptation period, one faecal sample was collected daily from each pen floor during 6 days in both B1 and B2 (n = 1...
Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed ... more Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes’ coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn’s health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by tr...
The study aimed to quantify the effect of space allowance (SA), mixing and phase feeding on produ... more The study aimed to quantify the effect of space allowance (SA), mixing and phase feeding on productive performance and body lesions (BL) as a proxy for aggression in single wet-dry feeder pens during the grow-finisher stage. Pigs were moved as litters to the finisher accommodation at 11 wks of age and assigned in two SA: 0.96 m2/pig (HSA; n = 15 pens; 10 pigs/pen) and 0.78 m2/pig (LSA; n = 15 pens; 13 pigs/pen). Mixing was applied to 5 pens of each SA leading to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At 15 wks of age, phase feeding was applied to 5 litter pens of each SA leading to another 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: SA and diet (0.82, LD, or 0.95, HD, g/MJ SID Lys:NE). BL were counted at anterior, mid and posterior locations of the body at 12, 16 and 21 wks of age. Pen feed intake and BW were recorded every 2 wks until 21 wks of age. ADG, ADFI and FCR were calculated and analyzed using GLMM with pen as the experimental unit. Model included initial BW, diet or mixing, SA and their interaction as fixed effects. Alpha for determination of significance was 0.05 and trend were identified at 0.10. HD pigs had higher ADG (P = 0.011) and lower FCR (P = 0.005) compared to LD pigs (Table 1). Non-mixed pigs had higher ADG (P = 0.004), ADFI (P = 0.007) and lower FCR (P = 0.079) than mixed pigs (Table 1). LSA pigs had 48.6, 43.6 and 101.3% more BL than HSA pigs at 12, 16 and 21wks of age (P < 0.05; Table 1). Mixing was not a source of variation in BL (P >0.05; Table 1). Mixing and dropping SID lys:NE from 0.95 to 0.82 g/MJ affect growth to a similar extent. An increase on BL in LSA pigs indicates that 0.78 m2/pig is detrimental to animal welfare in wet-dry feeder pens despite following EU legislation.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Jul 20, 2021
Slow‐growing pigs negatively affect production efficiency in conventional pig farms by increasing... more Slow‐growing pigs negatively affect production efficiency in conventional pig farms by increasing the occupation time of the facilities and being a limiting factor for the All‐In/All‐Out swine production systems. This subset of pigs is usually managed with the rest of the pigs, and their nutrient requirements may not be fulfilled. The purpose of the present study was to compare the productive performance of slow‐ and fast‐growing pigs to different standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acids (AA) dietary levels at late grower–finisher stage. A total of 84 pigs were weighed, tagged, and classified as slow‐growing (SG; n = 48; 24.1 ± 1.38 kg) or fast‐growing pigs (FG; n = 36; 42.7 ± 1.63 kg) at 11 weeks of age. Pigs were housed in mixed sex pens (n = 8 SG+6 FG/pen) equipped with feeding stations to record daily feed intake per individual pig. Pigs were assigned to three dietary treatments resulting in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement at 15 weeks of age. Isoenergetic diets were formulated by increasing the ideal protein profile based on the following SID lysine (Lys) levels: 0.92%, 1.18% and 1.45%. Pigs were weighed bi‐weekly until 21 weeks of age. Fast‐growing pigs were 33.7 kg heavier, gained 255 g/day and consumed 625.5 g/day more than SG pigs (p &lt; 0.001). No interaction or diet effects were observed for final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p &gt; 0.05). However, feed conversion ratio was 0.3 lower for SG pigs fed 1.45% SID Lys/AA compared to SG pigs fed 0.92% SID Lys/AA (p = 0.002). Feed conversion ratio was not different within the FG pigs’ dietary treatments (p &gt; 0.05). The efficiency of SG pigs may be improved when dietary SID AA levels are increased from 0.92 up to 1.45% SID Lys/AA. Thus, nutrient requirements may vary depending on growth rate at the same age, and SG pigs may require higher dietary SID AA levels than FG pigs to achieve similar productive performance.
... Cambiar idioma Idioma Català. Cambiar. Efecto del nivel de triptófano en el pienso de lactaci... more ... Cambiar idioma Idioma Català. Cambiar. Efecto del nivel de triptófano en el pienso de lactación sobre la productividad de la cerda y sus lechones. ...
The present study aimed to compare NIRS results using freeze-dried ground or not ground (FDG or F... more The present study aimed to compare NIRS results using freeze-dried ground or not ground (FDG or FDNG) faeces to predict faecal chemical composition and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) coefficients. Two different batches of pigs were used (n = 20 mixed sex pens/batch; 11 pigs/pen; Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)). The first batch of pigs (B1; 50.1 ± 3.44 kg body weight (BW)) was used at 13 wks of age and the second batch (B2; 87.0 ± 4.10 kg BW) was used at 18 wks of age. For both B1 and B2, pens were assigned to five diets formulated to obtain a control [10.03 MJ of net energy (NE), 160.0 g of crude protein (CP), and 9.5 g of standardized ileal digestive (SID) lysine (Lys) per kg of feed], low protein (132.0 g CP and 7.5 g SID Lys), high protein (188.0 g CP and 11.5 g SID Lys), low energy (9.61 MJ NE/kg), and high energy (10.45 MJ NE/kg) diets. After a 10-day adaptation period, one faecal sample was collected daily from each pen floor during 6 days in both B1 and B2 (n = 1...
Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed ... more Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes’ coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn’s health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by tr...
The study aimed to quantify the effect of space allowance (SA), mixing and phase feeding on produ... more The study aimed to quantify the effect of space allowance (SA), mixing and phase feeding on productive performance and body lesions (BL) as a proxy for aggression in single wet-dry feeder pens during the grow-finisher stage. Pigs were moved as litters to the finisher accommodation at 11 wks of age and assigned in two SA: 0.96 m2/pig (HSA; n = 15 pens; 10 pigs/pen) and 0.78 m2/pig (LSA; n = 15 pens; 13 pigs/pen). Mixing was applied to 5 pens of each SA leading to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At 15 wks of age, phase feeding was applied to 5 litter pens of each SA leading to another 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: SA and diet (0.82, LD, or 0.95, HD, g/MJ SID Lys:NE). BL were counted at anterior, mid and posterior locations of the body at 12, 16 and 21 wks of age. Pen feed intake and BW were recorded every 2 wks until 21 wks of age. ADG, ADFI and FCR were calculated and analyzed using GLMM with pen as the experimental unit. Model included initial BW, diet or mixing, SA and their interaction as fixed effects. Alpha for determination of significance was 0.05 and trend were identified at 0.10. HD pigs had higher ADG (P = 0.011) and lower FCR (P = 0.005) compared to LD pigs (Table 1). Non-mixed pigs had higher ADG (P = 0.004), ADFI (P = 0.007) and lower FCR (P = 0.079) than mixed pigs (Table 1). LSA pigs had 48.6, 43.6 and 101.3% more BL than HSA pigs at 12, 16 and 21wks of age (P < 0.05; Table 1). Mixing was not a source of variation in BL (P >0.05; Table 1). Mixing and dropping SID lys:NE from 0.95 to 0.82 g/MJ affect growth to a similar extent. An increase on BL in LSA pigs indicates that 0.78 m2/pig is detrimental to animal welfare in wet-dry feeder pens despite following EU legislation.
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