Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (Mechler ... more Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (Mechler et al. 2010) that impact the socio-economic development of nations worldwide, including those in the Caribbean, a region particularly vulnerable to natural perils (Macpherson and Akpinar-Elci, 2013). Global changes and climate change are also expected to have a significant impact on animal and human health, especially distribution and impact of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases which are considered particularly sensitive to climatic variables (Harvell et al. 2002). An integrated approach of disaster risk reduction (DDR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) has been suggested to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts and to improve program effectiveness (Dwirahmadi et al. 2013). Consistent with the call of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), for reinforcing the role of veterinary authorities at national levels for disaster risk reduction (OIE and World Bank, 2007), a similar ...
A new epidemiological situation for bluetongue was observed in 2014. Starting with the first noti... more A new epidemiological situation for bluetongue was observed in 2014. Starting with the first notification of outbreaks (serotype BTV-4) in the Peloponnese region of Greece (30/05/2014), eleven other Balkan countries were then affected, with a total of 6,485 outbreaks involved in the epizootic. In Italy, at the end of November, 25 outbreaks caused by BTV-4 had been confirmed. Outbreaks of the BTV-1 serotype were also reported in the continental area of the country. In Spain, the first suspicion of BTV-4 was reported in September 2014, involving a different virus strain. There were no epidemiological links with the epidemics in the Balkans. At the beginning of December, 351 outbreaks had been notified in Spain outside the restriction zone for BTV-4. Seven outbreaks of BTV-1 were also notified in the southern part of the country. Considering the control strategies applied by the different countries, mass vaccination undoubtedly remains the only efficient method for bluetongue control. ...
During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was asses... more During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was assessed in small ruminant herds living around temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of the Ferlo, Senegal. No outbreak was detected by the surveillance system. Serologic incidence was estimated at 2.9 % (95 % confidence interval 1.0–8.7) and occurred in 5 of 7 ponds with large variations in the observed incidence rate (0%–20.3%). The location of ponds in the Ferlo Valley and small ponds were correlated with higher serologic incidence (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.005, respectively). Rift Valley fever surveillance should be improved to allow early detection of virus activity. Ruminant vaccination programs should be prepared to confront the foreseeable higher risks for future epidemics of this disease. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arbovirosis caused by a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). In ruminants, RVF causes mass abortions and deaths in newborn kids and lambs. Human disease is often limited t...
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants that cau... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants that causes mortality rates that may be as high as 90% in naive populations. The disease is caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), which is an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a monosegmented genome of negative sense, belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus has only one seroptype but can be separated in four distinct phylogenetic lineages. PPR is currently present in Africa, Middle East, and Asia. It represents a serious risk for the economy and food security in regions the disease is endemic. With multiple outbreak recorded in Turkey, Georgia and the Maghreb region, it is now at the door of Europe. In addition, a recent mass die-off of critically endangered Saiga antelopes in Mongolia has been associated with PPR infection, bringing a new light onto the impact of this pathogen on wildlife. Inspired by the eradication of closely relat...
Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions, 2019
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection mostly encountered in Africa. In its ... more Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection mostly encountered in Africa. In its acute form, it severely affects domestic and wild ruminants, dromedaries, and humans. It is considered as an emerging disease, with increased frequency in several regions, and a spread potential to many areas under the influence of two main drivers: environmental (including climatic) changes and animal mobility (livestock trade, transhumance). In this chapter, we discuss the peculiarities of RVF epidemiology in Sahelian Africa and we show how the joint influence of these two drivers may trigger RVF epidemics.
Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1995
Des foyers de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) ont été étudiés en 1993 et 1994 dans des troupe... more Des foyers de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) ont été étudiés en 1993 et 1994 dans des troupeaux de chèvres de race sahélienne au Tchad. Si le virus n'a pu être isolé des premiers foyers de 1993, le sondage sérologique par le test ELISA de compétition ponant sur 475 sérums récoltés dans la zone d'épidémie a montré une prévalence de 34 %. Pour la première fois au Tchad, le virus fut isolé et des cas cliniques caractéristiques de la PPR furent observés sur les chèvres sahéliennes réputées peu sensibles à ce virus. La maladie a été reproduite expérimentalement par inoculation des chèvres avec des broyats de ganglions et de poumons, ces derniers ayant provoqué les symptômes les plus sévères. La réaction d'immunodiffusion en gélose s'est révélée positive vis-à-vis de l'antisérum anti-PPR avec les broyats de poumons et de ganglions mésentériques, métis pas avec ceux de ganglions préscapulaires. La caractérisation du virus isolé, en particulier sur le plan génomique...
Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions, 2019
Human and animal mobility—especially ruminants for the latter—is a key factor in the Sahelian reg... more Human and animal mobility—especially ruminants for the latter—is a key factor in the Sahelian region. Animals are kept mobile to look for better grazing areas and water resources, to be sold at international markets and to escape insecure areas. The demographic growth of the western African coastal countries (and northern Africa for eastern Sahel) is changing the mobility pattern in the area. Old and new problems are faced by pastoralists and traders. As it is, mobility is a complex phenomenon.
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (Mechler ... more Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (Mechler et al. 2010) that impact the socio-economic development of nations worldwide, including those in the Caribbean, a region particularly vulnerable to natural perils (Macpherson and Akpinar-Elci, 2013). Global changes and climate change are also expected to have a significant impact on animal and human health, especially distribution and impact of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases which are considered particularly sensitive to climatic variables (Harvell et al. 2002). An integrated approach of disaster risk reduction (DDR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) has been suggested to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts and to improve program effectiveness (Dwirahmadi et al. 2013). Consistent with the call of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), for reinforcing the role of veterinary authorities at national levels for disaster risk reduction (OIE and World Bank, 2007), a similar ...
A new epidemiological situation for bluetongue was observed in 2014. Starting with the first noti... more A new epidemiological situation for bluetongue was observed in 2014. Starting with the first notification of outbreaks (serotype BTV-4) in the Peloponnese region of Greece (30/05/2014), eleven other Balkan countries were then affected, with a total of 6,485 outbreaks involved in the epizootic. In Italy, at the end of November, 25 outbreaks caused by BTV-4 had been confirmed. Outbreaks of the BTV-1 serotype were also reported in the continental area of the country. In Spain, the first suspicion of BTV-4 was reported in September 2014, involving a different virus strain. There were no epidemiological links with the epidemics in the Balkans. At the beginning of December, 351 outbreaks had been notified in Spain outside the restriction zone for BTV-4. Seven outbreaks of BTV-1 were also notified in the southern part of the country. Considering the control strategies applied by the different countries, mass vaccination undoubtedly remains the only efficient method for bluetongue control. ...
During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was asses... more During the 2003 rainy season, the clinical and serologic incidence of Rift Valley fever was assessed in small ruminant herds living around temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of the Ferlo, Senegal. No outbreak was detected by the surveillance system. Serologic incidence was estimated at 2.9 % (95 % confidence interval 1.0–8.7) and occurred in 5 of 7 ponds with large variations in the observed incidence rate (0%–20.3%). The location of ponds in the Ferlo Valley and small ponds were correlated with higher serologic incidence (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.005, respectively). Rift Valley fever surveillance should be improved to allow early detection of virus activity. Ruminant vaccination programs should be prepared to confront the foreseeable higher risks for future epidemics of this disease. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arbovirosis caused by a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). In ruminants, RVF causes mass abortions and deaths in newborn kids and lambs. Human disease is often limited t...
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants that cau... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants that causes mortality rates that may be as high as 90% in naive populations. The disease is caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), which is an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a monosegmented genome of negative sense, belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus has only one seroptype but can be separated in four distinct phylogenetic lineages. PPR is currently present in Africa, Middle East, and Asia. It represents a serious risk for the economy and food security in regions the disease is endemic. With multiple outbreak recorded in Turkey, Georgia and the Maghreb region, it is now at the door of Europe. In addition, a recent mass die-off of critically endangered Saiga antelopes in Mongolia has been associated with PPR infection, bringing a new light onto the impact of this pathogen on wildlife. Inspired by the eradication of closely relat...
Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions, 2019
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection mostly encountered in Africa. In its ... more Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection mostly encountered in Africa. In its acute form, it severely affects domestic and wild ruminants, dromedaries, and humans. It is considered as an emerging disease, with increased frequency in several regions, and a spread potential to many areas under the influence of two main drivers: environmental (including climatic) changes and animal mobility (livestock trade, transhumance). In this chapter, we discuss the peculiarities of RVF epidemiology in Sahelian Africa and we show how the joint influence of these two drivers may trigger RVF epidemics.
Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1995
Des foyers de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) ont été étudiés en 1993 et 1994 dans des troupe... more Des foyers de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) ont été étudiés en 1993 et 1994 dans des troupeaux de chèvres de race sahélienne au Tchad. Si le virus n'a pu être isolé des premiers foyers de 1993, le sondage sérologique par le test ELISA de compétition ponant sur 475 sérums récoltés dans la zone d'épidémie a montré une prévalence de 34 %. Pour la première fois au Tchad, le virus fut isolé et des cas cliniques caractéristiques de la PPR furent observés sur les chèvres sahéliennes réputées peu sensibles à ce virus. La maladie a été reproduite expérimentalement par inoculation des chèvres avec des broyats de ganglions et de poumons, ces derniers ayant provoqué les symptômes les plus sévères. La réaction d'immunodiffusion en gélose s'est révélée positive vis-à-vis de l'antisérum anti-PPR avec les broyats de poumons et de ganglions mésentériques, métis pas avec ceux de ganglions préscapulaires. La caractérisation du virus isolé, en particulier sur le plan génomique...
Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions, 2019
Human and animal mobility—especially ruminants for the latter—is a key factor in the Sahelian reg... more Human and animal mobility—especially ruminants for the latter—is a key factor in the Sahelian region. Animals are kept mobile to look for better grazing areas and water resources, to be sold at international markets and to escape insecure areas. The demographic growth of the western African coastal countries (and northern Africa for eastern Sahel) is changing the mobility pattern in the area. Old and new problems are faced by pastoralists and traders. As it is, mobility is a complex phenomenon.
Uploads
Papers by Renaud Lancelot