testing and instruction (CATI)' threaten to invade privacy insidiously, 2 its use with young scho... more testing and instruction (CATI)' threaten to invade privacy insidiously, 2 its use with young schoolchildren poses the additional threat of arresting development of their privacy expectations.' In light of the significance of "reasonable expectations of privacy" in constitutional' and tort' law, as well as privacy's role in resisting totalitarianism, 6 widespread and routine use of CATI may profoundly alter the balance between public and private realms. 1. Computer-assisted testing and instruction techniques are discussed in COMPUTERS IN
Some promising scholarship focuses on democratic citizen orientations with scholarship from cross... more Some promising scholarship focuses on democratic citizen orientations with scholarship from cross-sectional studies of support for democracy and public opinion polls. A number of large-scale international research initiatives have been launched to measure and track a variety of public attitudes toward democracy, from support for democratic principles and values to evaluations of democratic governance, and others. Among such measures are the World Values Survey (WVS), the European Values Survey, the New Democracies Barometers, and research from the Pew Research Cente and the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). These and other initiatives have produced data on a number of public attitudes that are relevant for democracy, including how citizens evaluate and relate to democratic institutions in their societies, to what extent the public understand and adhere to democratic principles in their daily lives, what proportion of citizens support democracy as a form of governance, and related phenomena. Other promising scholarship examines democracy from a human development perspective [1]. Despite a nearly universal commitment to uphold fundamental democratic principles and build and sustain democratic institutions, only modest progress has been made in assessing how democratization efforts have impacted children, their families, and the communities in which they live. The pace of this progress is again moderated, in part, by challenges in identifying meaningful measures of democracy. While questions like-Do democratization efforts really work? How have communities benefited from democratic reforms?-appear simple, democracy remains an extremely challenging topic to evaluate. To date, the best studies on democracy and young people come from the 1999 IEA Civic Education Study and the 2009 IEA Civic and Citizenship
Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services, Jun 1, 2004
The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren combined ... more The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren combined with an increased understanding of the nature of bullying behaviour has led schools and communities to rethink how safety plans aimed at increasing security may be modified or expanded to address bullying. This article is designed to present a brief overview of bullying behaviour for police and security personnel. First, definitions of bullying behaviour are described. Second, a review of research is offered to dispel some myths about the nature of bullying as well to correct some misdirections in bullying prevention programs. Finally, a promising program for bullying prevention is described. For many people, bullying and being bullied are seen as normal rites of passage for children and youth. Bullying often is viewed as a troublesome activity with unpleasant, but not serious, consequences for those involved. Accordingly, few public safety plans have addressed the prevention of bullying among schoolchildren as a distinct problem worthy of attention. Within the last decade, the co-occurrence of two events began to change public attitudes about bullying behaviour. First, publicity surrounding school shootings at several U.S. high schools in the late 1990s and subsequent reports that many perpetrators of school shootings had felt persecuted, bullied, or threatened by their peers caused many people to see bullying as a dangerous precursor to more serious violence (see, e.g., Vossekuil, Fein, Reddy, Borum, & Modzeleski, 2002). Second, a steady output of research literature on youth violence in general, and bullying in particular, raised the profile of bullying as topic of public concern. The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren to thwart more serious violence combined with an increased understanding of bullying behaviour has led schools and communities to rethink how safety plans aimed at increasing security and reducing violence may be modified or expanded to address bullying. This article is designed to present a brief overview of bullying behaviour for police and security personnel. First, definitions of bullying behaviour are described. Second, a brief review of research is offered to dispel some myths about the nature of bullying as well to correct some misdirections in bullying prevention programs. Finally, a promising program for bullying prevention is described. UNDERSTANDING BULLYING BEHAVIOR Defining Bullying The most critical task in reducing or eliminating undesirable behaviour is to clearly define the behaviour at issue. Among youth violence researchers, bullying commonly is understood as aggressive behaviour that: (a) is intended to cause distress or harm, (b) exists in a relationship in which there is an imbalance of power or strength, and (c) is repeated over time (Limber, 2002; Nansel, Overpeck, Pilla, Ruan, Simons-Morton, & Scheidt, 2001; Olweus, 1993). Although bullying often involves direct physical actions, words, and gestures, bullying can also be indirect actions, such as social isolation spreading rumours, or enlisting a friend to assault a child (Limber, 2002; Olweus, 1993; Rigby, 1996). The three distinct features of intentional harm repeatedly directed at someone of lesser status differentiates bullying from similar violent behaviours. Fighting, for example, often is not repeated over time and opponents frequently are relatively equal in strength. Similarly, the term harassment, which refers to "words, gestures and actions which tend to annoy, alarm and abuse (verbally) another person" (Black, Nolan, & Connolly, 1979) is often mistakenly equated with bullying. Yet, so defined, harassment also ignores the power imbalance that exists between the perpetrator and the victim. This power imbalance, which need not necessarily reflect a difference in physical strength, is a critical component of bullying behaviour. …
• This article describes the efforts of two foundations to sustain the ministries of Catholic sis... more • This article describes the efforts of two foundations to sustain the ministries of Catholic sisters in two regions: northeast Ohio and South Carolina. • Spanning more than 10 years, the initiative has drawn on multiple strategies-including convening, grantmaking, communicating, and research-in partnership with sisters themselves to sustain a diverse set of ministries. • The work informs foundation practice by illuminating an approach to capacity development in very different regional contexts. • Key lessons include being sensitive to the context, paying attention to both individual and organizational capacity, and the need for data.
... challenges faced by law enforcement officials and government policymakers in dealing with the... more ... challenges faced by law enforcement officials and government policymakers in dealing with the ... John Zuccarini, for example, was sentenced under the Truth in Domain Names Act15 to a 30 ... direct minors to pornographic material.16 Among the misleading sites used by Zuccarini ...
... School personnel who are required to carry out the provisions of anti-bullying laws would ben... more ... School personnel who are required to carry out the provisions of anti-bullying laws would benefit significantly from ... Whereas antiharassment policies frequently are limited to harassment based on race, color, national origin, sex, and disability, antibullying policies should be ...
International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 2018
This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological we... more This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being of the Albanian-American immigrant community in United States. A total of 139 Albanian-American immigrants aged 21-35 years old participated in the study. In order to utilize the data, participants filled out four different surveys, including a demographic questionnaire, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being scale. A correlational design relying on cross-sectional survey data and multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlations between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being. The results showed that ethnic identity, acculturation, and psychological well-being were positively correlated to each other. In addition, the results showed that both ethnic identity and acculturation affected the psychological well-being of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States. This relationship was further moderated by gender and length of residency in the United States and mediated through graduate school education. The results of this study will help clinicians, social workers, and policy makers that work with immigrants to better understand the psychological consequences of immigration due to acculturation and ethnic identity factors.
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Maryland v. Craig created some uncertainty about the sta... more The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Maryland v. Craig created some uncertainty about the state constitutionality of child witness protection legislation. This article briefly discusses the current status of child witness protection legislation in light of recent litigation, focusing on Illinois. Conclusions are drawn concerning the likely future course of litigation affecting child witness protection legislation in other jurisdictions.
Among the provinces of Canada having a history of eugenics (sterilization) legislation, Alberta a... more Among the provinces of Canada having a history of eugenics (sterilization) legislation, Alberta alone undertook vigorous implemen tation. British Columbia legislation, in effect for 40 years, was not in fact pursued. The major focus of the Alberta experience was with the mentally retarded. The Alberta Sterilization Act did not require consent for sterilization from either the retarded person or his parent, relative or other guardian. Sterilization provisions respecting the men tally ill were on a voluntary basis and they were not so frequent in request or approval The experiment is now complete, Alberta having repealed the legislation and B.C. having announced intent of repeal. The story will have interest for those who continue to be sensitive to eugenics issues in the mental health field in Canada. The Origins of Voluntary Sterilization The history of sterilization legislation in North America is founded on newspaper Sunday supplement studies, popular around the turn of the century, a period when the social consequences of degenerate heredity were being widely broadcast (2,3). The re sulting genetic alarm was a natural enough public and legislative reaction to: the failure of the mental retardation 'curists' (4,6); the large number of test-dullards being exposed *Manuscript received May 1973.
Privacy torts (and torts in general) have been a neglected area of psycholegal research. The lack... more Privacy torts (and torts in general) have been a neglected area of psycholegal research. The lack of research in this area can be partially explained by ethical and methodological constraints, which make it difficult to conduct privacy research. Most empirical studies have measured privacy as an attitude, interest, or value. Unfortunately, many of these studies do not translate easily into assessing the behavioral assumptions contained in judicial opinions and made by legal commentators. However, with a proper understanding of the legal treatment of privacy, there is great opportunity for psychologists to assess the validity of legal assumptions about privacy and inform policy makers. The purpose of this chapter is to facilitate the task of conducting psycholegal research on privacy by exploring strategies that are appropriate to conducting research on privacy torts.
testing and instruction (CATI)' threaten to invade privacy insidiously, 2 its use with young scho... more testing and instruction (CATI)' threaten to invade privacy insidiously, 2 its use with young schoolchildren poses the additional threat of arresting development of their privacy expectations.' In light of the significance of "reasonable expectations of privacy" in constitutional' and tort' law, as well as privacy's role in resisting totalitarianism, 6 widespread and routine use of CATI may profoundly alter the balance between public and private realms. 1. Computer-assisted testing and instruction techniques are discussed in COMPUTERS IN
Some promising scholarship focuses on democratic citizen orientations with scholarship from cross... more Some promising scholarship focuses on democratic citizen orientations with scholarship from cross-sectional studies of support for democracy and public opinion polls. A number of large-scale international research initiatives have been launched to measure and track a variety of public attitudes toward democracy, from support for democratic principles and values to evaluations of democratic governance, and others. Among such measures are the World Values Survey (WVS), the European Values Survey, the New Democracies Barometers, and research from the Pew Research Cente and the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). These and other initiatives have produced data on a number of public attitudes that are relevant for democracy, including how citizens evaluate and relate to democratic institutions in their societies, to what extent the public understand and adhere to democratic principles in their daily lives, what proportion of citizens support democracy as a form of governance, and related phenomena. Other promising scholarship examines democracy from a human development perspective [1]. Despite a nearly universal commitment to uphold fundamental democratic principles and build and sustain democratic institutions, only modest progress has been made in assessing how democratization efforts have impacted children, their families, and the communities in which they live. The pace of this progress is again moderated, in part, by challenges in identifying meaningful measures of democracy. While questions like-Do democratization efforts really work? How have communities benefited from democratic reforms?-appear simple, democracy remains an extremely challenging topic to evaluate. To date, the best studies on democracy and young people come from the 1999 IEA Civic Education Study and the 2009 IEA Civic and Citizenship
Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services, Jun 1, 2004
The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren combined ... more The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren combined with an increased understanding of the nature of bullying behaviour has led schools and communities to rethink how safety plans aimed at increasing security may be modified or expanded to address bullying. This article is designed to present a brief overview of bullying behaviour for police and security personnel. First, definitions of bullying behaviour are described. Second, a review of research is offered to dispel some myths about the nature of bullying as well to correct some misdirections in bullying prevention programs. Finally, a promising program for bullying prevention is described. For many people, bullying and being bullied are seen as normal rites of passage for children and youth. Bullying often is viewed as a troublesome activity with unpleasant, but not serious, consequences for those involved. Accordingly, few public safety plans have addressed the prevention of bullying among schoolchildren as a distinct problem worthy of attention. Within the last decade, the co-occurrence of two events began to change public attitudes about bullying behaviour. First, publicity surrounding school shootings at several U.S. high schools in the late 1990s and subsequent reports that many perpetrators of school shootings had felt persecuted, bullied, or threatened by their peers caused many people to see bullying as a dangerous precursor to more serious violence (see, e.g., Vossekuil, Fein, Reddy, Borum, & Modzeleski, 2002). Second, a steady output of research literature on youth violence in general, and bullying in particular, raised the profile of bullying as topic of public concern. The recognition of the importance of preventing bullying behaviour among schoolchildren to thwart more serious violence combined with an increased understanding of bullying behaviour has led schools and communities to rethink how safety plans aimed at increasing security and reducing violence may be modified or expanded to address bullying. This article is designed to present a brief overview of bullying behaviour for police and security personnel. First, definitions of bullying behaviour are described. Second, a brief review of research is offered to dispel some myths about the nature of bullying as well to correct some misdirections in bullying prevention programs. Finally, a promising program for bullying prevention is described. UNDERSTANDING BULLYING BEHAVIOR Defining Bullying The most critical task in reducing or eliminating undesirable behaviour is to clearly define the behaviour at issue. Among youth violence researchers, bullying commonly is understood as aggressive behaviour that: (a) is intended to cause distress or harm, (b) exists in a relationship in which there is an imbalance of power or strength, and (c) is repeated over time (Limber, 2002; Nansel, Overpeck, Pilla, Ruan, Simons-Morton, & Scheidt, 2001; Olweus, 1993). Although bullying often involves direct physical actions, words, and gestures, bullying can also be indirect actions, such as social isolation spreading rumours, or enlisting a friend to assault a child (Limber, 2002; Olweus, 1993; Rigby, 1996). The three distinct features of intentional harm repeatedly directed at someone of lesser status differentiates bullying from similar violent behaviours. Fighting, for example, often is not repeated over time and opponents frequently are relatively equal in strength. Similarly, the term harassment, which refers to "words, gestures and actions which tend to annoy, alarm and abuse (verbally) another person" (Black, Nolan, & Connolly, 1979) is often mistakenly equated with bullying. Yet, so defined, harassment also ignores the power imbalance that exists between the perpetrator and the victim. This power imbalance, which need not necessarily reflect a difference in physical strength, is a critical component of bullying behaviour. …
• This article describes the efforts of two foundations to sustain the ministries of Catholic sis... more • This article describes the efforts of two foundations to sustain the ministries of Catholic sisters in two regions: northeast Ohio and South Carolina. • Spanning more than 10 years, the initiative has drawn on multiple strategies-including convening, grantmaking, communicating, and research-in partnership with sisters themselves to sustain a diverse set of ministries. • The work informs foundation practice by illuminating an approach to capacity development in very different regional contexts. • Key lessons include being sensitive to the context, paying attention to both individual and organizational capacity, and the need for data.
... challenges faced by law enforcement officials and government policymakers in dealing with the... more ... challenges faced by law enforcement officials and government policymakers in dealing with the ... John Zuccarini, for example, was sentenced under the Truth in Domain Names Act15 to a 30 ... direct minors to pornographic material.16 Among the misleading sites used by Zuccarini ...
... School personnel who are required to carry out the provisions of anti-bullying laws would ben... more ... School personnel who are required to carry out the provisions of anti-bullying laws would benefit significantly from ... Whereas antiharassment policies frequently are limited to harassment based on race, color, national origin, sex, and disability, antibullying policies should be ...
International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 2018
This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological we... more This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being of the Albanian-American immigrant community in United States. A total of 139 Albanian-American immigrants aged 21-35 years old participated in the study. In order to utilize the data, participants filled out four different surveys, including a demographic questionnaire, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being scale. A correlational design relying on cross-sectional survey data and multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlations between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being. The results showed that ethnic identity, acculturation, and psychological well-being were positively correlated to each other. In addition, the results showed that both ethnic identity and acculturation affected the psychological well-being of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States. This relationship was further moderated by gender and length of residency in the United States and mediated through graduate school education. The results of this study will help clinicians, social workers, and policy makers that work with immigrants to better understand the psychological consequences of immigration due to acculturation and ethnic identity factors.
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Maryland v. Craig created some uncertainty about the sta... more The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Maryland v. Craig created some uncertainty about the state constitutionality of child witness protection legislation. This article briefly discusses the current status of child witness protection legislation in light of recent litigation, focusing on Illinois. Conclusions are drawn concerning the likely future course of litigation affecting child witness protection legislation in other jurisdictions.
Among the provinces of Canada having a history of eugenics (sterilization) legislation, Alberta a... more Among the provinces of Canada having a history of eugenics (sterilization) legislation, Alberta alone undertook vigorous implemen tation. British Columbia legislation, in effect for 40 years, was not in fact pursued. The major focus of the Alberta experience was with the mentally retarded. The Alberta Sterilization Act did not require consent for sterilization from either the retarded person or his parent, relative or other guardian. Sterilization provisions respecting the men tally ill were on a voluntary basis and they were not so frequent in request or approval The experiment is now complete, Alberta having repealed the legislation and B.C. having announced intent of repeal. The story will have interest for those who continue to be sensitive to eugenics issues in the mental health field in Canada. The Origins of Voluntary Sterilization The history of sterilization legislation in North America is founded on newspaper Sunday supplement studies, popular around the turn of the century, a period when the social consequences of degenerate heredity were being widely broadcast (2,3). The re sulting genetic alarm was a natural enough public and legislative reaction to: the failure of the mental retardation 'curists' (4,6); the large number of test-dullards being exposed *Manuscript received May 1973.
Privacy torts (and torts in general) have been a neglected area of psycholegal research. The lack... more Privacy torts (and torts in general) have been a neglected area of psycholegal research. The lack of research in this area can be partially explained by ethical and methodological constraints, which make it difficult to conduct privacy research. Most empirical studies have measured privacy as an attitude, interest, or value. Unfortunately, many of these studies do not translate easily into assessing the behavioral assumptions contained in judicial opinions and made by legal commentators. However, with a proper understanding of the legal treatment of privacy, there is great opportunity for psychologists to assess the validity of legal assumptions about privacy and inform policy makers. The purpose of this chapter is to facilitate the task of conducting psycholegal research on privacy by exploring strategies that are appropriate to conducting research on privacy torts.
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