Approach to the study of conservation of historical masonry mortars by means of the correlation b... more Approach to the study of conservation of historical masonry mortars by means of the correlation between porosimetry and penetrometric test. First results Angela Calia1; Domenico Liberatore2; Nicola Masini3 1 CNR-IBAM (Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali), Lecce, Italy; 2 University la Sapienza, Rome, Italy; 3 CNR-IBAM (Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali), Potenza, Italy
A deep knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the constituent materials of ancien... more A deep knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the constituent materials of ancient masonries is of crucial importance in the choice of the proper intervention techniques. In case of historical buildings sustainable diagnostic procedures responding to the conservation constraints, should have the lowest degree of intrusion and the fullest respect for their physical integrity. The extraction of samples from existing structures for laboratory tests is one of the major problems in the field of the diagnosis of ancient buildings and this has moved the scientific community to propose alternative non-destructive techniques to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of building stones. In the present work, non-destructive (NDT) and destructive (DT) tests have been investigated as tools for assessing the compressive strength of “Lecce stone”, a soft calcarenite used as traditional building material in the Southern Italy. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer te...
Clay minerals often occur in the finishing layers covering the surface of historic and architectu... more Clay minerals often occur in the finishing layers covering the surface of historic and architectural artefacts. They may come from ochres intentionally applied or from atmospheric dust naturally deposited. In the first case the finishes could testify to treatments applied for ...
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2013
ABSTRACT The Mediterranean basin typically shows the ubiquitous presence of historical towns cons... more ABSTRACT The Mediterranean basin typically shows the ubiquitous presence of historical towns constituting a rich architectural heritage that has only recently become the object of conservation policy. Diagnostic knowledge can effectively contribute to the adoption of suitable conservation strategies. This work focuses on the historical building materials employed in the Sicilian town of Syracuse (Southern Italy), with the aim of identifying the causes and mechanisms of deterioration of the materials employed, as well as possible remedies. An extensive survey of the stones and their main decay morphologies within buildings was carried out. Laboratory analyses by optical microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and ion chromatography were also performed. Several soft and porous calcarenites, having different mineralogical–petrographical and porosity features, were recognized. The study identified a decay scenario typical of a Mediterranean context, with sea spray as the main cause of decay, together with water
In this paper, the use of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing as a reliable technique to dete... more In this paper, the use of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing as a reliable technique to determine the compressive strength of a calcarenitic stone typical of Salento (South of Italy), known as Lecce Stone (LS) has been investigated. The scope of the experimental research is to establish correlations between the results obtained by non-destructive and destructive tests, in order to reduce the use of destructive methods within the diagnostic procedures for the mechanical analysis and qualification of ancient masonries. Furthermore, the presence of water as a variable affecting the test was investigated. The results of the tests show that the UPV values are well correlated with the compressive strengths and this method showed to be efficient in predicting the strength of LS.
Historic artistic and architectural archaeological heritage is a great resource for the current s... more Historic artistic and architectural archaeological heritage is a great resource for the current societies, with a progressive broadening to include a variety of cultural items (i.e. minor buildings of historical towns, buildings of the industrial archaeology, etc.), which have significance in testifying the complex of aspects relating to the people civilizations, cultures and activities. Knowledge and preservation of the Cultural Heritage are considered fundamental issues in the life of modern communities and they may be effectively supported by the use of modern technologies and science.
In this paper we deal with an experimental activity aimed to the characterization of a compact lo... more In this paper we deal with an experimental activity aimed to the characterization of a compact local limestone, named Trani stone. Compact limestones are very common materials used in the monumental and historic built heritage. In particular, with reference to the Apulian region (Southern Italy), they are the constituent stones of the numerous Romanesque Cathedrals, as well as of many other important monuments such as the UNESCO site of Castel del Monte. They have also been employed for the building of the fortified towns and norman-swabian castles facing the sea. The study reports mineralogical-petrographical and physical features, with particular reference to the behaviour with respect to the water. Ultrasonic tests have also been performed as indirect tool for the qualification of the stone in dry and wet conditions. A superficial treatment with photocatalytic titania (in water and alcoholic solution) has also been applied to the stone, in order to study the potential use of self...
Abstract This study deals with the effect of a water colloidal suspension of nanosilica applied a... more Abstract This study deals with the effect of a water colloidal suspension of nanosilica applied as a consolidant on a porous limestone. The stone performances were investigated by several analyses and tests. They fulfilled basic requirements such as consolidating effectiveness and compatibility with the original colour and water transport properties. A point of weakness was found in the behaviour under the salt crystallisation test, showing a decreased durability for the treated stone. The modification of the porous structure accounts for this result, suggesting that the distribution of the nanoparticle fillers into the stone substrate should be improved.
Approach to the study of conservation of historical masonry mortars by means of the correlation b... more Approach to the study of conservation of historical masonry mortars by means of the correlation between porosimetry and penetrometric test. First results Angela Calia1; Domenico Liberatore2; Nicola Masini3 1 CNR-IBAM (Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali), Lecce, Italy; 2 University la Sapienza, Rome, Italy; 3 CNR-IBAM (Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali), Potenza, Italy
A deep knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the constituent materials of ancien... more A deep knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the constituent materials of ancient masonries is of crucial importance in the choice of the proper intervention techniques. In case of historical buildings sustainable diagnostic procedures responding to the conservation constraints, should have the lowest degree of intrusion and the fullest respect for their physical integrity. The extraction of samples from existing structures for laboratory tests is one of the major problems in the field of the diagnosis of ancient buildings and this has moved the scientific community to propose alternative non-destructive techniques to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of building stones. In the present work, non-destructive (NDT) and destructive (DT) tests have been investigated as tools for assessing the compressive strength of “Lecce stone”, a soft calcarenite used as traditional building material in the Southern Italy. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer te...
Clay minerals often occur in the finishing layers covering the surface of historic and architectu... more Clay minerals often occur in the finishing layers covering the surface of historic and architectural artefacts. They may come from ochres intentionally applied or from atmospheric dust naturally deposited. In the first case the finishes could testify to treatments applied for ...
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2013
ABSTRACT The Mediterranean basin typically shows the ubiquitous presence of historical towns cons... more ABSTRACT The Mediterranean basin typically shows the ubiquitous presence of historical towns constituting a rich architectural heritage that has only recently become the object of conservation policy. Diagnostic knowledge can effectively contribute to the adoption of suitable conservation strategies. This work focuses on the historical building materials employed in the Sicilian town of Syracuse (Southern Italy), with the aim of identifying the causes and mechanisms of deterioration of the materials employed, as well as possible remedies. An extensive survey of the stones and their main decay morphologies within buildings was carried out. Laboratory analyses by optical microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and ion chromatography were also performed. Several soft and porous calcarenites, having different mineralogical–petrographical and porosity features, were recognized. The study identified a decay scenario typical of a Mediterranean context, with sea spray as the main cause of decay, together with water
In this paper, the use of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing as a reliable technique to dete... more In this paper, the use of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing as a reliable technique to determine the compressive strength of a calcarenitic stone typical of Salento (South of Italy), known as Lecce Stone (LS) has been investigated. The scope of the experimental research is to establish correlations between the results obtained by non-destructive and destructive tests, in order to reduce the use of destructive methods within the diagnostic procedures for the mechanical analysis and qualification of ancient masonries. Furthermore, the presence of water as a variable affecting the test was investigated. The results of the tests show that the UPV values are well correlated with the compressive strengths and this method showed to be efficient in predicting the strength of LS.
Historic artistic and architectural archaeological heritage is a great resource for the current s... more Historic artistic and architectural archaeological heritage is a great resource for the current societies, with a progressive broadening to include a variety of cultural items (i.e. minor buildings of historical towns, buildings of the industrial archaeology, etc.), which have significance in testifying the complex of aspects relating to the people civilizations, cultures and activities. Knowledge and preservation of the Cultural Heritage are considered fundamental issues in the life of modern communities and they may be effectively supported by the use of modern technologies and science.
In this paper we deal with an experimental activity aimed to the characterization of a compact lo... more In this paper we deal with an experimental activity aimed to the characterization of a compact local limestone, named Trani stone. Compact limestones are very common materials used in the monumental and historic built heritage. In particular, with reference to the Apulian region (Southern Italy), they are the constituent stones of the numerous Romanesque Cathedrals, as well as of many other important monuments such as the UNESCO site of Castel del Monte. They have also been employed for the building of the fortified towns and norman-swabian castles facing the sea. The study reports mineralogical-petrographical and physical features, with particular reference to the behaviour with respect to the water. Ultrasonic tests have also been performed as indirect tool for the qualification of the stone in dry and wet conditions. A superficial treatment with photocatalytic titania (in water and alcoholic solution) has also been applied to the stone, in order to study the potential use of self...
Abstract This study deals with the effect of a water colloidal suspension of nanosilica applied a... more Abstract This study deals with the effect of a water colloidal suspension of nanosilica applied as a consolidant on a porous limestone. The stone performances were investigated by several analyses and tests. They fulfilled basic requirements such as consolidating effectiveness and compatibility with the original colour and water transport properties. A point of weakness was found in the behaviour under the salt crystallisation test, showing a decreased durability for the treated stone. The modification of the porous structure accounts for this result, suggesting that the distribution of the nanoparticle fillers into the stone substrate should be improved.
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